Contemporary advancements in polarization fiber sensor technology offer the potential for substantial enhancements in the responsiveness of security systems, enabling their deployment even in hazardous environments. A significant advantage of these systems is their sensitivity. These fiber systems are faster and safer compared to other security sensors. The possibility of utilizing fiber sensors in environments with an explosion risk makes them irreplaceable in military facilities. This paper focuses on the analysis, design, and testing of a polarization fiber sensor in military applications. The design is focused on monitoring changes in temperature in order to detect object disturbances. Such a detector would act as a very fast, sensitive, and above all non-electrical security system. Further, the design also focuses on changes in pressure that can accompany occurrences such as the passage of military vehicles or the deflections of bridge and building structures in industrial Ex-proof dangerous areas. The amount of different arrangements and measured waveforms makes our work a unique study that confirms the universality and advantages of optical fiber polarization sensors.
The application in polarization sensor systems uses changes in the polarization of light in the optical fiber during temperature changes. The principle of operation consists in the specific propagation of polarized light by special optical fibers, which, thanks to their construction, keep the light in two axes, but change the speed of their propagation and thus the instantaneous state of light polarization. It has been shown that by suitable methods it is possible to transform changes in the polarization of light into changes in its intensity, which can be detected very efficiently and quickly by a photodiode. This method has been practically verified, implemented by fiber components and confirmed as suitable for the implementation of a fiber sensor of thermal field disturbance. However, it turns out that especially in military and biomedical applications it is impossible to place a source of optical radiation close to the measured subject and the sensor must be powered remotely using optical fibers of the order of kilometers. This paper shows the possibility of using long optical paths to power the polarization sensor.
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