Size and efficacy are two of the main challenges of an AR display. A compact form factor and low power consumption are highly desirable in AR glasses. Self-emitting display technologies such as OLED and MicroLED do not need illumination thus enabling simpler and smaller optics, but their efficacy is quite low, especially for pixel sizes of 5um or below. Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) based technologies, such as DMD, LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon), and LBS (Laser Beam Scanning), take advantage of high efficacy light sources and can achieve a high brightness AR display combining low power consumption and high pixel density, which is highly preferable in many applications. The DMD, together with the efficient and ever-improving LED light source, has been highly favored in the battery-powered portable projection display market, due to its high efficacy in a compact form factor as well as its insensitivity to polarization. Here we present a compact optical engine architecture for AR glasses, taking into consideration both size and efficacy. The design simplifies the traditional DMD illumination to a compact size targeting a thin profile similar to a backlit LCD. This compact size is achieved with a small compromise to engine efficacy. Multiplying the pixel density with a glass plate actuator offers a performance improvement that easily justifies the slight increase in size. This architecture offers an excellent optical engine option for AR glasses which is both compact and high performance.
Photonic Crystals (PhCs) have been found to have exotic properties, such as the high dispersion and the slow group
velocity, at different frequency range. It has also been reported that the photonic crystal can behave like a negative index
material that is similar to the metallization based metamaterials composed of ring resonators and wires. It is essential to
have knowledge about the effective properties of a photonic crystal to evaluate its performance. Here, we discuss a
photonic crystal with air holes etched in a multilayer dielectric material. This structure can be cascaded to a three
dimensional photonic crystal by simply stacking the porous multilayer film. Light is propagating perpendicularly through
the multilayer film, and the transmission and reflection including both the magnitudes and the phases are obtained
through numerical simulation. Effective properties along this direction, including the permittivity, the permeability and
the effective refractive index, are calculated. From these basic and essential properties, other features such as dispersion,
group velocity can be derived.
Grating based integrated waveguide demultiplexer is one of the most promising types of planar waveguide DWDM devices. In order to reduce reflection loss of the grating, the grating facets need metallic coating for high efficiency. The analysis of retro-diffraction efficiency for echelle grating with metallic coating is given in the present paper by using a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. This numerical method is more accurate and reliable than other methods such as the ray approximation method. Numerical simulation is given for S-polarized lights and the numerical results show that the loss is about 1dB.
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