In this paper, we present an overview of the software architecture for the ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (ANDES) spectrograph, which has been developed as part of the recent System Architecture Review (SAR) held in October 2023. Our focus in this paper is twofold: we will detail about the control software and science tools that are set to be implemented. In particular, we provide a detailed view on how the ELT Instrument Control Framework has been effectively deployed to manage the complexities of a distributed instrument like ANDES. This entails a comprehensive discussion of the key architectural decisions we have made to meet the requirements of the project. Furthermore, we offer insights into the suite of science software that will be an integral part of the ANDES instrument. This includes the Exposure Time Calculator, Observation Preparation tools, and the Data Reduction Library. Finally, we provide an overview of the Data Analysis Software and the End-to-End ANDES simulator. These tools are crucial for processing and analyzing the data collected by the ANDES spectrograph.
ANDES is a high resolution spectrograph for the ELT, with the goal of providing simultaneous spectra with R 100000 from 0.35 to 2.4 micrometer. The baseline of the instrument covers 0.4 - 1.8 micron. Here we present the study on the extension into the K-band (1.95 to 2.45 micron) with its scientific motivation and the technical solution. The spectrograph design is constrained by external limits, but a solution is found that enables key science cases in this wavelength range and closes the gap in ELT high resolution spectroscopy between the ANDES baseline and the METIS instrument. The spectrograph design is throughput-optimized and is fed by the diffraction-limited input from the ANDES SCAO system. We summarize the preliminary optical and cryo-mechanical design. But, as the available mass is one of the critical parameters, we also look into an alternative implementation of the spectrograph with carbon fiber.
We present the design of the ANDES UBV module, the bluest spectrograph of the ANDES instrument. It is a fiber-fed high resolution, high stability spectrograph, which will be installed on the ELT-Nasmyth platform to minimize blue fibre losses from the focal plane to the spectrograph. In this paper we present the status of development of the spectrograph, its optical design, and auxiliary devices like exposure meter and leveling system, at the preliminary design stage. As stability is the prime design driver, a thermal enclosure is provided to keep temperature of the optical train stable at ambient conditions, and the pressure is kept constant at high vacuum level. The science, sky background and simultaneous calibration light is fed to the spectrographs via fiber bundles of 66 fibres, which are arranged in a straight row forming the spectrograph slit.
We present here the preliminary design of the RIZ module, one of the visible spectrographs of the ANDES instrument. It is a fiber-fed high-resolution, high-stability spectrograph. Its design follows the guidelines of successful predecessors such as HARPS and ESPRESSO. In this paper we present the status of the spectrograph at the preliminary design stage. The spectrograph will be a warm, vacuum-operated, thermally controlled and fiber-fed echelle spectrograph. Following the phase A design, the huge etendue of the telescope will be reformed in the instrument with a long slit made of smaller fibers. We discuss the system design of the spectrographs system.
We present moes, a ray tracing software package that computes the path of rays through echelle spectrographs. Our algorithm is based on sequential direct tracing with Seidel aberration corrections applied at the detector plane. As a test case, we model the CARMENES VIS spectrograph. After subtracting the best model from the data, the residuals yield an rms of 0.024 pix, setting a new standard for the precision of the wavelength solution of state-of-the-art radial velocity (RV) instruments. By including the influence of the changes of the environment in ray propagation, we are able to predict instrumental RV systematics at the 1 m/s level.
The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.
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