All-optical switches enable ON/OFF conversion function by following the concept of light-controlled-by-light and are highly significant due to their potential to overcome speed limitations set by electrical switches. In this talk, the ultra-fast responses of metamaterials at the effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelengths and/or resonant wavelengths, unveiling response times down to a few hundred femtoseconds (fs), will be presented. Especially a novel Si-compatible hyperbolic metamaterial based on Titanium nitrides (TiN) and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) multilayers that possess two different ENZ wavelengths will be presented with the switching time, measured in pump and probe, of the metamaterial at both ENZ ranges.
In this work we, propose a tunable 2D-hydrid epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) platform in telecom windows. Taking advantage to the intrinsically ENZ of the Indium-thin-oxide (ITO) and exploiting the graphene capability to dynamically tune the plasmon polaritons we were able to adjust the cross-over frequency, where the epsilon vanishes, in four telecom bandwidth windows. Additionally, tunabilty can be achieved via electrical gating of the ITO leading to an interplay modulation of the surface plasmon polaritons at the graphene-ITO interface. Furthermore, a giant Purcell factor (PF) was observed at ENZ regimes. These results show how 2D-hybrid ENZ materials potentially find applications in multifunctional nonlinear nanophotonic systems such as ultrafast modulators, data processing and photonic quantum computers (QPCs).
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