Dr. Ernest A. Michael Profile

Dr. Ernest A. Michael

Associate Professor at Univ de Chile

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (21)

Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Paper

Paper

VERMILION: Visitor Extension spectRal sub-Mid-Infrared Light InterferOmeter iNstrument

Massinissa Hadjara, Romain Petrov, Stéphane Lagarde, Xinyang Chen, Jinhua He, Lei Zhu, Bruno Lopez, Florentin Millour, Anthony Meilland, Alexandre Gallenne, James Leftley, Abdelkarim Boskri, Juncheng Chen, Ernest Michael, Marcos Diaz, Rene Mendez, Amelia Bayo, Miguel Piña, Gabriel Pereira, Sebastián Manosalva, Christian Nitschelm, Juan Pablo Colque, Congcong Zhang, Dan Zhou, Fatmé Allouche, Yinlei Hao, Amokrane Berdja, Felipe Besser, Clémentine Marie Zélia Bechet, Andrés Guesalaga Meissner, Leonardo Vanzi, Abderrahmane Mezaoui, Nourredine Moussaoui

Proceedings Volume 12183, 121831V (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2627736

KEYWORDS: Stars, Spectral resolution, Astatine, Telescopes, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Spatial resolution, Observatories, K band, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 14 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Towards ultra-broadband heterodyne interferometry in the N- and Q-bands

Ernest Michael, Ramin Emadi, Enrique Moreno, Lucas Labadie, Cornelia Honingh, Karl Jacobs, Urs Graf, Stephan Schlemmer, Jürgen Stutzki

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563069

KEYWORDS: Heterodyning, Interferometry, Telescopes, Graphene, Optical correlators, Dense wavelength division multiplexing, Laser development, Mid-IR, Optical spheres, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

On the quantum-limit of the noise temperature in balanced correlation receivers

Ernest Michael, Massinissa Hadjara, Felipe Besser, Miguel Piña, Daniella Pollarolo, Antonio Rodriguez

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563146

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Light emitting diodes, Halogens, Lamps, Polarization control, Polarization, Single mode fibers, Interference (communication), Optical correlators, Heterodyning

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Single mode fiber coupling tip tilt control for a small amateur telescope

Massinissa Hadjara, Kevin Espinoza, Ricardo Jara, Benjamin Cornejo, Joaquin Rojas, Carolina Garcia, Miguel Pina, Alfredo Rates, Nicolas Ramos, Felipe Besser, Pablo Zorzi, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562771

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Single mode fibers, Actuators, Heterodyning, Stars, Digital signal processing, Light, Receivers, Atmospheric turbulence, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Heterodyne versus direct detection: it is not over

Ernest Michael, Felipe Besser

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012M (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314465

KEYWORDS: Heterodyning, Signal to noise ratio, Receivers, Signal detection, Interferometry, Sensors, Interference (communication), Spectral resolution, Electromagnetism, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Fiber-based infrared heterodyne technology for the PFI: on the possibility of breaking the noise temperature quantum limit with cross-correlation

E. Michael, F. Besser

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107011X (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314294

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Signal to noise ratio, Heterodyning, Interference (communication), Photodiodes, Sensors, Signal detection, Optical correlators, Temperature metrology, Electroluminescence

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Fiber-based infrared heterodyne technology for the PFI: development of a prototype test system

F. Besser, N. Ramos, A. Rates, N. Ortega, S. Sepulveda, T. Parvex, M. Piña, C. Pollarolo, R. Jara, K. Espinoza, A. Rodriguez, A. Becerra, P. Martin, M. Cadiz, N. Henriquez, J. Carrasco, C. San Martin, C. Rearte, J. Diaz, E. Moreno, E. Michael

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012L (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314362

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Heterodyning, Receivers, Infrared technology, Optical correlators, Signal detection, Beam splitters, Prototyping, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Planet formation imager: project update

John Monnier, Michael Ireland, Stefan Kraus, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Amy Bonsor, Fabien Baron, Amelia Bayo, Jean-Philippe Berger, Tabetha Boyajian, Andrea Chiavassa, David Ciardi, Michelle Creech-Eakman, Willem-Jan de Wit, Denis Defrère, Ruobing Dong, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Alexandre Gallenne, Poshak Gandhi, Jean-Francois Gonzalez, Chris Haniff, Sebastian Hoenig, John Ilee, Andrea Isella, Eric Jensen, Attila Juhasz, Stephen Kane, Makoto Kishimoto, Wilhelm Kley, Quentin Kral, Kaitlin Kratter, Lucas Labadie, Sylvestre Lacour, Greg Laughlin, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Ernest Michael, Farzana Meru, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Florentin Millour, Stefano Minardi, Alessandro Morbidelli, Chris Mordasini, Andreas Morlok, Dave Mozurkewich, Richard Nelson, Johan Olofsson, Rene Oudmaijer, Chris Packham, Claudia Paladini, Olja Panic, Romain Petrov, Benjamin Pope, Joerg-Uwe Pott, Luis Henry Quiroga-Nunez, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Sean Raymond, Zsolt Regaly, Mark Reynolds, Stephen Ridgway, Stephen Rinehart, Matthias Schreiber, Michael Smith, Keivan Stassun, Jean Surdej, Theo ten Brummelaar, Konrad Tristram, Neal Turner, Peter Tuthill, Gerard van Belle, Gautum Vasisht, Alexander Wallace, Gerd Weigelt, Edward Wishnow, Markus Wittkowski, Sebastian Wolf, John Young, Ming Zhao, Zhaohuan Zhu, Sebastian Zúñiga-Fernández

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070118 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312683

KEYWORDS: Planets, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, Stars, Mid-IR, Interferometry, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometers, Heterodyning

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Fiber-based heterodyne infrared interferometry: an instrumentation study platform on the way to the proposed Infrared Planet Formation Imager

Felipe Besser, Alfredo Rates, Nicolas Ortega, Miguel Pina, Clemente Pollarolo, Mauricio Romero, Claudio Yañez, Matias Lasen, Nicolas Ramos, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99072L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233687

KEYWORDS: Heterodyning, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation, Interferometry, Planets, Telescopes, Interferometers, Photodiodes, Receivers, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Status of the Planet Formation Imager (PFI) concept

Michael Ireland, John Monnier, Stefan Kraus, Andrea Isella, Stefano Minardi, Romain Petrov, Theo ten Brummelaar, John Young, Gautam Vasisht, David Mozurkewich, Stephen Rinehart, Ernest Michael, Gerard van Belle, Julien Woillez

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233926

KEYWORDS: Planets, Imaging systems, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Heterodyning, Optical instrument design, Space telescopes, Stars, Optical spheres, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Architecture design study and technology road map for the Planet Formation Imager (PFI)

John Monnier, Michael Ireland, Stefan Kraus, Fabien Baron, Michelle Creech-Eakman, Ruobing Dong, Andrea Isella, Antoine Merand, Ernest Michael, Stefano Minardi, David Mozurkewich, Romain Petrov, Stephen Rinehart, Theo ten Brummelaar, Gautam Vasisht, Ed Wishnow, John Young, Zhaohuan Zhu

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071O (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233311

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Planets, Imaging systems, Mid-IR, Heterodyning, Stars, Signal to noise ratio, Image restoration, L band, Visibility

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The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) Project has formed a Technical Working Group (TWG) to explore possible facility architectures to meet the primary PFI science goal of imaging planet formation in situ in nearby starforming regions. The goals of being sensitive to dust emission on solar system scales and resolving the Hill-sphere around forming giant planets can best be accomplished through sub-milliarcsecond imaging in the thermal infrared. Exploiting the 8-13 micron atmospheric window, a ground-based long-baseline interferometer with approximately 20 apertures including 10km baselines will have the necessary resolution to image structure down 0.1 milliarcseconds (0.014 AU) for T Tauri disks in Taurus. Even with large telescopes, this array will not have the sensitivity to directly track fringes in the mid-infrared for our prime targets and a fringe tracking system will be necessary in the near-infrared. While a heterodyne architecture using modern mid-IR laser comb technology remains a competitive option (especially for the intriguing 24 and 40μm atmospheric windows), the prioritization of 3-5μm observations of CO/H2O vibrotational levels by the PFI-Science Working Group (SWG) pushes the TWG to require vacuum pipe beam transport with potentially cooled optics. We present here a preliminary study of simulated L- and N-band PFI observations of a realistic 4-planet disk simulation, finding 21x2.5m PFI can easily detect the accreting protoplanets in both L and N-band but can see non-accreting planets only in L band. We also find that even an ambitious PFI will lack sufficient surface brightness sensitivity to image details of the fainter emission from dust structures beyond 5 AU, unless directly illuminated or heated by local energy sources. That said, the utility of PFI at N-band is highly dependent on the stage of planet formation in the disk and we require additional systematic studies in conjunction with the PFI-SWG to better understand the science capabilities of PFI, including the potential to resolve protoplanetary disks in emission lines to measure planet masses using position-velocity diagrams. We advocate for a specific technology road map in order to reduce the current cost driver (telescopes) and to validate high accuracy fringe tracking and high dynamic range imaging at L, M band. In conclusion, no technology show-stoppers have been identified for PFI to date, however there is high potential for breakthroughs in medium-aperture (4-m class) telescopes architecture that could reduce the cost of PFI by a factor of 2 or more.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Concept for fiber-based near-infrared interferometry of highest frequency resolution

E. Michael, F. Besser, R. Prado, L. Pallanca

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914634 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057203

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Heterodyning, Interferometers, Interferometry, Stars, Optical correlators, Photodiodes, Fiber lasers, Mid-IR, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Proof of concept of a photonic sideband-separating receiver for submm-wave applications

Jorge Castillo, Roberto Roman, F. Patricio Mena, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 9153, 91532G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055626

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Hybrid optics, Polarization, Oscilloscopes, Phase modulation, Phase measurement, Oscillators, Waveguides, Signal generators, Fiber optics

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Paper

A digital sideband-separating receiver for the millimeter band

R. Rodríguez, R. Finger, F. Mena, Leonardo Bronfman, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 9153, 91532E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055226

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Spectroscopy, Calibration, Amplifiers, Analog electronics, Field programmable gate arrays, Optical isolators, Astronomy, Double sideband modulation, Single sideband modulation

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Practical implementation and on the field test results of an enhanced algorithm for polarization optimization of the line length corrector of ALMA central local oscillator

J. Castillo, E. Michael

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84522N (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925253

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Oscillators, Optical spheres, Antennas, Calibration, Polarimetry, Optimization (mathematics), Matrices, Optical components, Polarization control

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Vertically illuminated TW-UTC photodiodes for terahertz generation

Claudio Barrientos Z., Victor Calle G., Jaime Alvarez, F. Patricio Mena, Josip Vukusic, Jan Stake, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84522I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.927440

KEYWORDS: Photodiodes, Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Absorption, Photonics, Metals, Near infrared, Photoresist materials, Photomasks, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Paper

A low-cost fiber-based near-infrared heterodyne interferometer

Laurent Pallanca, Cristobal Vio, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452Q (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.927433

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Heterodyning, Photodiodes, Interferometers, Telescopes, Stars, Receivers, Oscillators, Sensors, Single mode fibers

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Vertically illuminated TW-UTC photodiodes for terahertz generation

Claudio Barrientos Z., Victor Calle, Marcos Diaz, F. Patricio Mena, Josip Vukusic, Jan Stake, Ernest Michael

Proceedings Volume 7741, 77412L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862584

KEYWORDS: Antennas, Photodiodes, Terahertz radiation, Absorption, Electrons, Electrical engineering, Astronomy, Metals, Continuous wave operation, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Large-area traveling-wave LT-GaAs photomixers for LO application

Ernest Michael, Martin Mikulics, Michel Marso, Peter Kordos, Hans Lüth, Bernd Vowinkel, Rudolf Schieder, Jurgen Stutzki

Proceedings Volume 5498, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551633

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Waveguides, Picosecond phenomena, Electrodes, Gallium arsenide, Sensors, Electrons, Optical amplifiers, Oscillators

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2003 Paper

Paper

SMART: the KOSMA submillimeter array receiver for two frequencies

Urs Graf, Stefan Heyminck, Ernest Michael, S. Stanko, C. Honingh, Karl Jacobs, Rudolf Schieder, Juergen Stutzki, B. Vowinkel

Proceedings Volume 4855, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459669

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Telescopes, Mirrors, Electronics, Astronomy, Niobium, Beam splitters, Space telescopes, Photography, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2000 Paper

Paper

SOFIA terahertz array receiver (STAR)

Ernest Michael, Urs Graf, C. Honingh, K. Jacobs, F. Lewen, Rudolf Schieder, Juergen Stutzki

Proceedings Volume 4014, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.389127

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Stars, Mirrors, Oscillators, Terahertz radiation, Carbon, Telescopes, Sensors, Polarization, Bolometers

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Showing 5 of 21 publications

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