A silicon-based laser remains an important goal in science and technology. Unfortunately silicon is ill-suited as a light-emitter, prompting the need for alternative high quality light sources integrated with silicon. One such alternative, presented here, is a monolithic III-N edge-emitting laser comprised of a planarized nanowire array. Nanowire heterostructures with InGaN/GaN disk-in-nanowire active regions were grown on (001)silicon and planarized with parylene, forming a composite slab heterostructure supporting a guided mode propagating transverse to the growth direction. From this composite slab, ridge-geometry lasers were fabricated. Lasers with emission at 533 nm (green) and 610 nm (red) are presented here. The lasers are characterized by Jth = 1.76 kA/cm2 (green) and 2.94kA/cm2 (red) under continuous wave current injection. The green lasers have device lifetime of ~7000 hrs. Small-signal modulation measurements have also been performed. The -3dB modulation bandwidth of the green laser is 5.7 GHz.
Green (λ~540 nm) - and red-emitting (λ~610 nm) InGaN/GaN disks-in-nanowires have been grown by RF plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on (001) Silicon substrates. The growth of disks-in-nanowires heterostructures has been optimized and the nanowires have been passivated to achieve radiative efficiencies of 54% and 52% in the green and red InGaN disks, respectively. Radiative efficiency increases significantly (by ~10%) when post-growth passivation of nanowire surface with silicon nitride or parylene is applied. Light emitting diodes on silicon, incorporating InGaN/GaN quantum disks as the active medium have been fabricated and the devices have been characterized. Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) blue-shift of 7nm and 15nm have been observed in the measured electroluminescence peak of the green and red LEDs respectively, from which polarization fields have been calculated in the disks to be 605kV/cm for green and 1.26MV/cm for red. For green and red LEDs, external quantum efficiency peaks at current densities of ~25A/cm2 and 12A/cm2, respectively. To improve light extraction efficiency, LED heterostructures have been transferred to Ag mirrors from the silicon growth substrate and preliminary device results have been demonstrated.
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