Dr. Jian-Rong Gao Profile

Dr. Jian-Rong Gao

Senior Instrument Scientist, Associate Professor at SRON Netherlands Institute of Space Research

SPIE Involvement:

Editorial Board Member: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems | Author | Editor

Websites:

Personal Website | Company Website

Publications (57)

SPIE Journal Paper | 20 January 2025

4 × 2 Hot electron bolometer mixer arrays for detection at 1.4, 1.9, and 4.7 THz for the balloon-borne terahertz observatory GUSTO

Jose Rui Silva, Wouter Laauwen, Behnam Mirzaei, Nathan Vercruyssen, Matvey Finkel, Menno Westerveld, Nikhil More, Vitor Silva, Abram Young, Craig Kulesa, Christopher Walker, Floris van der Tak, Jian Rong Gao

JATIS, Vol. 11, Issue 01, 016001, (January 2025) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.11.1.016001

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Double sideband modulation, Detector arrays, Equipment, Bolometers, Receivers, Antennas, Temperature metrology, Quantum cascade lasers, Lens arrays

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 January 2025 Open Access

Open Access

Special Section Guest Editorial: SALTUS Probe-Class Mission Concept

Jonathan Arenberg, Jian-Rong Gao

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 04, 042301, (January 2025) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.4.042301

KEYWORDS: Stars, Spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Space operations, Solar system, Observatories, Heterodyning, Galactic astronomy, Terahertz radiation, Spectral resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 19 December 2024 Open Access

Open Access

Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies: science overview

Gordon Chin, Carrie Anderson, Jennifer Bergner, Nicolas Biver, Gordon Bjoraker, Thibault Cavalie, Michael DiSanti, Jian-Rong Gao, Paul Hartogh, Leon Harding, Qing Hu, Daewook Kim, Craig Kulesa, Gert de Lange, David Leisawitz, Rebecca Levy, Arthur Lichtenberger, Daniel Marrone, Joan Najita, Trent Newswander, George Rieke, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Peter Roelfsema, Nathan Roth, Kamber Schwarz, Yancy Shirley, Justin Spilker, Anthony Stark, Floris van der Tak, Yuzuru Takashima, Alexander Tielens, David Wilner, Edward Wollack, Stephen Yates, Erick Young, Christopher Walker

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 04, 042310, (December 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.4.042310

KEYWORDS: Galactic astronomy, Observatories, Stars, Large telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Equipment, Spatial resolution, Planets, Spectral resolution, Carbon monoxide

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SPIE Journal Paper | 14 December 2024

High-Resolution Receiver for the Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies

Jose Silva, Christopher Walker, Craig Kulesa, Abram Young, Jian-Rong Gao, Qing Hu, Jeffrey Hesler, Anders Emrich, Paul Hartogh, Wouter Laauwen, Gert de Lange, Peter Rolfsema

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 04, 042308, (December 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.4.042308

KEYWORDS: Quantum receivers, Equipment, Quantum cascade lasers, Terahertz radiation, Spectrometers, Receivers, Large telescopes, Heterodyning, Spectral resolution, Signal processing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 December 2024

System performance of a cryogenic test-bed for the time-division multiplexing readout for the NewAthena X-ray Integral Field Unit

Davide Vaccaro, Jan van der Kuur, Paul van der Hulst, Tobias Vos, Martin de Wit, Luciano Gottardi, Kevin Ravensberg, Emanuele Taralli, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, Douglas Bennett, James Chervenak, William Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Jonathon Gard, Carl Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Joel Ullom, Nicholas Wakeham, Jan-Willem den Herder, Brian Jackson, Pourya Khosropanah, Jian-Rong Gao, Peter Roelfsema, Aurora Simionescu

JATIS, Vol. 10, Issue 04, 046002, (December 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.10.4.046002

KEYWORDS: Time division multiplexing, Cryogenics, Quantum reading, X-rays, Magnetism, Design, Analog electronics, Multiplexers, Crosstalk, Control software

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2024 Presentation

Presentation

SAFARI-lite on SALTUS: taking FarIR spectroscopy of the obscured universe to the next level

Peter Roelfsema, Gert de Lange, Wouter Laauwen, Stephen Yates, Jose Silva, Jian-Rong Gao, Floris van der Tak, Erik van der Meer, Ramon Navarro, Jean-Marc Duval, Carole Tucker, Jochem Baselmans, Chris Walker

Proceedings Volume 13092, 130920F (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020485

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 2024 Presentation

Presentation

Compact terahertz spectrometer based on a metasurface

Wenye Ji, Jin Chang, Behnam Mirzaei, Marcel Ridder, Willem Jellema, Wilt Kao, Alan Lee, Jian Rong Gao, Paul Urbach, Aurèle J. Adam

Proceedings Volume PC13102, PC131020I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3021392

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

4×2 hot electron bolometer mixer arrays for detection at 1.4, 1.9, and 4.7 THz for a balloon borne terahertz observatory

J. R. Silva, W. Laauwen, B. Mirzaei, N. Vercruyssen, M. Finkel, M. Westerveld, N. More, V. Silva, A. Young, C. Kulesa, C. Walker, F. van der Tak, J. Gao

Proceedings Volume 13102, 131020I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019197

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Receivers, Detector arrays, Heterodyning, Quantum cascade lasers

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Gal/Xgal U/LDB Spectroscopic/Stratospheric THz Observatory: GUSTO

Christopher Walker, Craig Kulesa, Abram Young, William Verts, Jian-Rong Gao, Qing Hu, Jose Silva, Behnam Mirzaei, Wouter Laauwen, Jeffrey Hesler, Christopher Groppi, Anders Emrich

Proceedings Volume 12190, 121900E (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629051

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Telescopes, Quantum cascade lasers, Spectrometers, Receivers, Mirrors, Clouds, Beam splitters, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

5.3 THz MgB2 hot electron bolometer mixer operated at 20 K

J. R. Gao, Y. Gan, B. Mirzaei, J. R.G. Silva, S. Cherednichenko

Proceedings Volume 12190, 121900F (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630161

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Receivers, Antennas, Bridges, Superconductors

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Performance of the SRON Ti/Au transition edge sensor x-ray calorimeters

Martin de Wit, Luciano Gottardi, Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Hiroki Akamatsu, Marcel Bruijn, Marcel Ridder, Emanuele Taralli, Davide Vaccaro, Jian-Rong Gao, Jan-Willem den Herder

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121812B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629368

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Resistance, X-rays, Magnetism, Fused deposition modeling, Temperature metrology, Superconductors, Multiplexing, X-ray imaging, Lead

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Proceedings Article | 21 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

LiteBIRD satellite: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization

M. Hazumi, P.A.R. Ade, A. Adler, E. Allys, K. Arnold, D. Auguste, J. Aumont, R. Aurlien, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Banjeri, R. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, D. Beck, S. Beckman, J. Bermejo, P. de Bernardis, M. Bersanelli, J. Bonis, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, S. Bounissou, M. Brilenkov, M. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, P. Campeti, A. Carones, F. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, K. Cheung, Y. Chinone, J. Cliche, L. Colombo, F. Columbro, J. Cubas, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, G. D'Alessandro, N. Dachlythra, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, P. Diego-Palazuelos, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, S. Duff, J. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, M. Galloway, K. Ganga, J. Gao, R. Genova-Santos, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, E. Gjerløw, M. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, J. Gudmundsson, T. de Haan, N. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, S. Henrot-Versillé, D. Herman, D. Herranz, C. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. Hlozek, Y. Hoshino, E. de la Hoz, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, N. Katayama, A. Kato, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, I. Kreykenbohm, C. L. Kuo, A. Kushino, L. Lamagna, J. Lanen, M. Lattanzi, A. Lee, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, E. Linder, T. Louis, G. Luzzi, T. Maciaszek, B. Maffei, D. Maino, M. Maki, S. Mandelli, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mitsuda, J. Montgomery, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, J. Murphy, M. Nagai, Y. Nagano, T. Nagasaki, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, F. Noviello, C. O'Sullivan, H. Ogawa, S. Oguri, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, J. Peloton, F. Piacentini, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, T. Prouvé, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, G. Roudil, J. Rubino-Martin, M. Russell, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, M. Sasaki, G. Savini, D. Scott, J. Seibert, Y. Sekimoto, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, S. Stever, R. Stompor, H. Sugai, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, T. Svalheim, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takase, Y. Takeda, A. Tartari, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, H. Thommesen, K. Thompson, B. Thorne, T. Toda, M. Tomasi, M. Tominaga, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, J. Ullom, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, I. Wehus, J. Weller, B. Westbrook, J. Wilms, B. Winter, E. Wollack, N. Yamasaki, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca

Proceedings Volume 11443, 114432F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563050

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Satellites, Microwave radiation, Telescopes, Algorithm development, Refractor telescopes, Rockets, Quantum physics, Astrophysics, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Concept design of low frequency telescope for CMB B-mode polarization satellite LiteBIRD

Y. Sekimoto, P. A. Ade, A. Adler, E. Allys, K. Arnold, D. Auguste, J. Aumont, R. Aurlien, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Banerji, R. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, D. Beck, S. Beckman, J. Bermejo, P. de Bernardis, M. Bersanelli, J. Bonis, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, S. Bounissou, M. Brilenkov, M. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, P. Campeti, A. Carones, F. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, K. Cheung, Y. Chinone, J. F. Cliche, L. Colombo, F. Columbro, J. Cubas, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, G. D'Alessandro, N. Dachlythra, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, P. Diego-Palazuelos, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, S. Duff, J. M. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, M. Galloway, K. Ganga, J. R. Gao, R. Genova-Santos, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, E. Gjerløw, M. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, J. Gudmundsson, T. de Haan, N. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versillé, D. Herman, D. Herranz, C. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. Hlozek, Y. Hoshino, E. de la Hoz, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, N. Katayama, A. Kato, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, I. Kreykenbohm, C. L. Kuo, A. Kushino, L. Lamagna, J. Lanen, M. Lattanzi, A. Lee, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, E. Linder, T. Louis, G. Luzzi, T. Maciaszek, B. Maffei, D. Maino, M. Maki, S. Mandelli, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minanmi, K. Mitsuda, J. Montgomery, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, J. A. Murphy, M. Nagai, Y. Nagano, T. Nagasaki, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, C. O'Sullivan, H. Ogawa, S. Oguri, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, J. Peloton, F. Piacentini, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, T. Prouvé, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, G. Roudil, J. A. Rubino-Martin, M. Russell, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, M. Sasaki, G. Savini, D. Scott, J. Seibert, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, S. Stever, R. Stompor, H. Sugai, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, T. Svalheim, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takase, Y. Takeda, A. Tartari, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, H. Thommesen, K. Thompson, B. Thorne, T. Toda, M. Tomasi, M. Tominaga, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, J. Ullom, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, I. Wehus, J. Weller, B. Westbrook, J. Wilms, B. Winter, E. Wollack, N. Yamasaki, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca

Proceedings Volume 11453, 1145310 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561841

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Polarization, Optical instrument design, Satellites, Stray light, Antennas, Reflectors, Microwave radiation, Spatial resolution, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 15 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Overview of the medium and high frequency telescopes of the LiteBIRD space mission

L. Montier, B. Mot, P. de Bernardis, B. Maffei, G. Pisano, F. Columbro, J. Gudmundsson, S. Henrot-Versillé, L. Lamagna, J. Montgomery, T. Prouvé, M. Russell, G. Savini, S. Stever, K. Thompson, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, B. Westbrook, P. A. R. Ade, A. Adler, E. Allys, K. Arnold, D. Auguste, J. Aumont, R. Aurlien, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Banerji, R. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, D. Beck, S. Beckman, J. Bermejo, M. Bersanelli, J. Bonis, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, S. Bounissou, M. Brilenkov, M. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, P. Campeti, A. Carones, F. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, K. Cheung, Y. Chinone, J. Cliche, L. Colombo, J. Cubas, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, G. D'Alessandro, N. Dachlythra, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, P. Diego-Palazuelos, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, S. Duff, J. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, M. Galloway, K. Ganga, J. Gao, R. Genova-Santos, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, E. Gjerløw, M. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, T. de Haan, N. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, D. Herman, D. Herranz, C. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. Hlozek, Y. Hoshino, E. de la Hoz, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, N. Katayama, A. Kato, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, I. Kreykenbohm, C. Kuo, A. Kushino, J. Lanen, M. Lattanzi, A. Lee, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, E. Linder, T. Louis, G. Luzzi, T. Maciaszek, D. Maino, M. Maki, S. Mandelli, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mitsuda, G. Morgante, Y. Murata, J. Murphy, M. Nagai, Y. Nagano, T. Nagasaki, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, C. O'Sullivan, H. Ogawa, S. Oguri, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, J. Peloton, F. Piacentini, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, G. Roudil, J. Rubino-Martin, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, M. Sasaki, D. Scott, J. Seibert, Y. Sekimoto, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, R. Stompor, H. Sugai, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, T. Svalheim, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takase, Y. Takeda, A. Tartari, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, H. Thommesen, B. Thorne, T. Toda, M. Tomasi, M. Tominaga, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, J. Ullom, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, I. Wehus, J. Weller, J. Wilms, B. Winter, E. Wollack, N. Yamasaki, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca

Proceedings Volume 11443, 114432G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562243

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space operations, Refractor telescopes, Sensors, Microwave radiation, Polarization, Cryogenics, Wave plates, Optical components, Lenses

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster

Poster

4.7 THz local oscillator multiplexer for GUSTO

Behnam Mirzaei, Matvey Finkel, J.R. Silva, Wouter Laauwen, Christopher Groppi, Ali Khalatpour, Qing Hu, Abram Young, Christopher Walker, Jian Rong Gao

Proceedings Volume 11453, 114533P (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2565778

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Oscillators, Multiplexers, Quantum cascade lasers, Terahertz spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Observatories, Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster

Poster

Optimizing normal resistance of an x-ray transition edge sensor for frequency domain multiplexing

Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Martin de Wit, Luciano Gottardi, Marcel Ridder, Sven Visser, Emanuele Taralli, Hiroki Akamatsu, Marcel Bruijn, Jian-Rong Gao, Ruud W. Hoogeveen, Jan-Willem den Herder

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114444C (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562782

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Space observatories, Superconductors, X-ray imaging, Spectral resolution, Fused deposition modeling, Resistance, Space telescopes, Spectroscopy

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Athena is an ESA-led space telescope to be launched in the early 2030s. The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board of the Athena mission is an X-ray imaging spectrometer, sensitive to 0.2-12 keV X-rays. The main sensor of the X-IFU is an array of ~3200 closely-packed superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters with X-ray absorbers. The X-IFU provides a breakthrough spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (full width at half maximum; FWHM) at 6 keV, which enables us to access unrevealed properties of the hot gases that are formed at every level of the hierarchical structure of the universe. At SRON, we are developing Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) readout with SQUID amplifiers as a baseline technology for the X-IFU. In the FDM system, the microcalorimeter pixels are AC-biased at different frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz. Therefore, it is crucial to minimize frequency-dependent phenomena because it causes non-linearity effects in the detector response and degrades the spectral resolution. Theoretical analyses have shown that this non-linearity is caused by weak-link behavior, induced by superconducting leads and can be mitigated by increasing the normal resistance of the TES. We are also developing TES arrays based on a superconducting Ti/Au bi-layer with an Au absorber as a sensor backup technology for the X-IFU. We have recently fabricated TES calorimeters with large variation of normal resistance from 25 to 150 mΩ by changing the width and aspect ratio of the bi-layer. The TESes with 117 and 150 mΩ have shown a promising spectral performance of below 2 eV (FWHM) at 6 keV. However, we still see that the detector response is affected by the weak-link behavior, especially at high frequency regime. In this paper, we briefly summarize our results with a focus on the spectral performance and the detector responsivity for each TES design. We also present our recent works on fabrication related to a superconducting wiring process, which would be useful for further reduction of the weak-link effects.

Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Presentation

Frequency domain multiplexing technology of transition-edge sensors for x-ray astronomy

Hiroki Akamatsu, Davide Vaccaro, Luciano Gottardi, Jan van der Kuur, Cor de Vries, Simon Bandler, Marcel Bruijn, James Chervenak, Matteo D'Andrea, Jian-Rong Gao, Jan-Willem den Herder, Ruud W. Hoogeveen, Mikko Kiviranta, Anton van der Linden, Brian Jackson, Antoine Miniussi, Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Kevin Ravensberg, Marcel Ridder, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Emanuele Taralli, Sven Visser, Nicholas Wakeham, Martin de Wit

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114440Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561271

KEYWORDS: Multiplexing, Sensors, Fused deposition modeling, Sensor technology, X-ray astronomy, X-rays, Resonators, Observatories, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Paper

Paper

HUBS: a dedicated hot circumgalactic medium explorer

W. Cui, J. Bregman, M. Bruijn, L.-B. Chen, Y. Chen, C. Cui, T.-T. Fang, B. Gao, H. Gao, J.-R. Gao, L. Gottardi, K.-X. Gu, F.-L. Guo, J. Guo, C.-L. He, P.-F. He, J.-W. den Herder, Q.-S. Huang, F.-J. Li, J.-T. Li, J.-J. Li, L.-Y. Li, T.-P. Li, W.-B. Li, J.-T. Liang, Y.-J. Liang, G.-Y. Liang, Y.-J. Liu, Z. Liu, Z.-Y. Liu, F. Jaeckel, L. Ji, W. Ji, H. Jin, X. Kang, Y.-X. Ma, D. McCammon, H.-J. Mo, K. Nagayoshi, K. Nelms, R. Qi, J. Quan, M. Ridder, Z.-X. Shen, A. Simionescu, E. Taralli, Q. Wang, G.-L. Wang, J.-J. Wang, K. Wang, L. Wang, S.-F. Wang, S.-J. Wang, T.-G. Wang, W. Wang, X.-Q. Wang, Y.-L. Wang, Y.-R. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.-S. Wang, N.-Y. Wen, M. de Wit, S.-F. Wu, D. Xu, D.-D. Xu, H.-G. Xu, X.-J. Xu, R.-X. Xu, Y.-Q. Xue, S.-Z. Yi, J. Yu, L.-W. Yang, F. Yuan, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Q. Zhong, Y. Zhou, W.-X. Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114442S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560871

KEYWORDS: Metals, Galactic astronomy, X-ray telescopes, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Spectroscopy, Physics, Cryocoolers, Spectral resolution, Detector arrays

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Development of microwave multiplexer for the Super DIOS mission: 38 transition-edge sensor x-ray microcalorimeter readout with microwave multiplexing

Yuki Nakashima, Fuminori Hirayama, Satoshi Kohjiro, Hirotake Yamamori, Shuichi Nagasawa, Akira Sato, Shinya Yamada, Ryota Hayakawa, Noriko Yamasaki, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Hiroki Akamatsu, Luciano Gottardi, Emanuele Taralli, Marcel Bruijn, Marcel Ridder, Jian-Rong Gao, Jan Willem den Herder

Proceedings Volume 11454, 1145412 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560819

KEYWORDS: Microwave radiation, Sensors, Multiplexers, Multiplexing, X-rays, Photons, X-ray detectors, Fused deposition modeling, Physics, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Presentation

Noise and cross-talk measurements of SAFARI FDM readout

Pourya Khosropanah, Q. Wang, M. D. Audley, J. van der Kuur, S. Ilyas, M .L. Ridder, A. Aminaei, R. Hijmering, A. J. van der Linden, M. P. Bruijn, H. Akamatsu, G. de Lange, J.R. Gao

Proceedings Volume 11453, 114530Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562663

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Sensors, Bolometers, Diffraction gratings, Fourier transforms, Spectroscopy, Space observatories, Optical design, Frequency division multiplexing, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Presentation

Multi-beam local oscillator for a 100-pixel heterodyne array receiver at THz

Yuner Gan, Behnam Mirzaei, Jose R. G. Silva, Ali Khalatpour, Qing Hu, Christopher Groppi, Jose Siles, Floris van der Tak, Jian-Rong Gao

Proceedings Volume 11453, 114530S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560939

KEYWORDS: Heterodyning, Receivers, Terahertz radiation, Quantum cascade lasers, Oscillators, Diffraction gratings, Optical testing, Diffraction, Spectral resolution, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Developing x-ray microcalorimeters based on TiAu TES for HUBS

G. Wang, M. Bruijn, K. Nagayoshi, M. Ridder, E. Taralli, L. Gottardi, H. Akamatsu, J. W. den Herder, J.-R. Gao, W. Cui

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114449J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562100

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Spatial resolution, X-ray optics, Metals, Space operations, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Metalloids, Absorption, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization

Y. Sekimoto, P. Ade, K. Arnold, J. Aumont, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Banerji, S. Basak, S. Beckman, M. Bersanelli, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, M. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, A. Challinor, Y. Chinone, F. Columbro, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, P. de Bernardis, M. de Petris, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, A. Ducout, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Eriksen, J. Errard, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, K. Ganga, J.R. Gao, T. Ghigna, J. Grain, A. Gruppuso, N. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hill, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, D. T. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, H. Imada, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, H. Kanai, S. Kashima, Y. Kataoka, N. Katayama, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, A. Kibayashi, T. Kikuchi, K. Kimura, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, C. L. Kuo, N. Kurinsky, A. Kushino, L. Lamagna, A. Lee, E. Linder, B. Maffei, M. Maki, A. Mangilli, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, Y. Minami, K. Mistuda, D. Molinari, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, A. Murphy, M. Nagai, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, F. Noviello, C. O'Sullivan, H. Ochi, H. Ogawa, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, G. Patanchon, F. Piacentini, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Remazeilles, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, G. Savini, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, R. Stompor, H. Sugai, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, K. Thompson, B. Thorne, M. Tomasi, H. Tomida, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, S. Uozumi, S. Utsunomiya, N. Vittorio, N. Watanabe, I. Wehus, B. Westbrook, B. Winter, R. Yamamoto, N. Yamasaki, M. Yanagisawa, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106981Y (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313432

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Polarization, Space telescopes, Fermium, Frequency modulation, Cryogenics, Physics, Antennas, Mirrors, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Presentation

Optical measurements of SAFARI TES bolometer arrays with a 176-pixel FDM readout system (Conference Presentation)

R. Hijmering, Damian Audley, Marcel Ridder, Ton van der Linde, Gert de Lange, Jian-Rong Gao, Brian Jackson

Proceedings Volume 10708, 107081A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313715

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Bolometers, Optical testing, Signal detection, Cryogenics, S band, L band, Multiplexing, X-rays, Lithography

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SAFARI is one of the focal-plane instruments for the European/ Japanese far-IR SPICA mission proposed for the ESA M5 selection. It is based on three arrays with in total 3550 TES-based bolometers with noise-equivalent powers (NEP) of 2∙10-19 W/Hz. The arrays are operated in three wavelength bands: S-band for 30-60 µm, M-band for 60-110 µm and L-band for 110-210 µm, and have high optical efficiency. SRON is developing Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) for readout of large AC biased TES arrays for both the SAFARI instrument, and the XIFU instrument on the X-ray Athena mission. In FDM for SAFARI, the TES bolometers are AC biased and read out using 24 channels. Each channel contains 160 pixels of which the resonance frequencies are defined by in-house developed cryogenic lithographic LC filters. FDM is based on the amplitude modulation of a carrier signal, which also provides the AC voltage bias, with the signal detected by the TES. To overcome the dynamic range limitations of the SQUID pre-amplifier, baseband feedback (BBFB) is applied. BBFB attempts to cancel the error signal in the sum-point, at the input coil of the SQUID, by feeding back a remodulated signal to the sum-point, and therefore improving the dynamic range of the SQUID pre-amplifier. Previously we have reported on a detailed study of the effects of electrical crosstalk using our first iteration of a prototype of the full 160 pixel FDM experiment and the successful readout of 132 pixels using our 176 pixel FDM system. After the demonstration it is important to perform more detailed measurements to consolidate the system. For instance, one of the important next steps is to expose the FDM system to an optical infrared source. The cold part of the FDM system consists of a detector chip with 176 pixels with a designed NEP of 7∙10-19 W/Hz and two matching LC filter chips, each of which contains 88 carefully placed high-Q resonators, with a total of 176 different resonance frequencies, and a single-stage SQUID. The warm electronics consist of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a digital board on which the generation of the bias carriers, the demodulation of the signal and remodulation of the feedback signal are performed. The optical experiment will be conducted in a Leiden Cryogenics dilution refrigerator with a cooling power of about 200µW at 100 mK. This system contains multiple optical sources. These include a conical black body radiator which can be operated in the range of 3-34K and a light pipe through which the experiment can be illuminated from outside the cryostat. Dark measurements are conducted in a Janis ADR system with a base temperature of 50mK. In this paper we describe the experimental tests and results of the more detailed testing of our 176 pixel TES bolometer system.

Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The SAFARI detector system

Michael Audley, Gert de Lange, Jian-Rong Gao, Brian Jackson, Richard Hijmering, Marcel Ridder, Marcel Bruijn, Peter Roelfsema, Peter A. Ade, Stafford Withington, Charles Bradford, Neal Trappe

Proceedings Volume 10708, 107080K (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313361

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bolometers, Spectroscopy, Multiplexing, Space telescopes, Spectroscopes, Spectral resolution, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

4×2 HEB receiver at 4.7 THz for GUSTO

J. R. Silva, B. Mirzaei, W. Laauwen, N. More, A. Young, C. Kulesa, C. Walker, A. Khalatpour, Q. Hu, C. Groppi, J. Gao

Proceedings Volume 10708, 107080Z (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313410

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Quantum cascade lasers, Receivers, Lenses, Antennas, Silicon, Observatories, Space telescopes, Optical simulations, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Proximity effect model for x-ray transition edge sensors

R. Harwin, D. Goldie, S. Withington, P. Khosropanah, L. Gottardi, J.-R. Gao

Proceedings Volume 10709, 107091C (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313359

KEYWORDS: Superconductors, Sensors, Resistance, Instrument modeling, X-rays, Performance modeling, Electrodes, Magnetism, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Paper

Development of TiAu TES x-ray calorimeters for the X-IFU on ATHENA space observatory

P. Khosropanah, E. Taralli, L. Gottardi, C. P. de Vries, K. Nagayoshi, M. L. Ridder, H. Akamatsu, M. P. Bruijn, J.-R. Gao

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991M (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313439

KEYWORDS: Tellurium, X-rays, Gold, Magnetism, Sensors, Fused deposition modeling, Resistance, Bismuth, Measurement devices, Space observatories

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Paper

Readout of a 176 pixel FDM system for SAFARI TES arrays

R. Hijmering, R. den Hartog, M. Ridder, A. J. van der Linden, J. van der Kuur, J. R. Gao, B. Jackson

Proceedings Volume 9914, 99141C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231714

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Signal detection, Sensors, Bolometers, Inductance, Electronics, Resistance, Resistors, Fluctuations and noise, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Ultra-low noise TES bolometer arrays for SAFARI instrument on SPICA

P. Khosropanah, T. Suzuki, M. Ridder, R. Hijmering, H. Akamatsu, L. Gottardi, J. van der Kuur, J. Gao, B. Jackson

Proceedings Volume 9914, 99140B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233472

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Infrared telescopes, Bolometers, Copper, Phonons, Tantalum, Niobium, Superconductors, Scanning electron microscopy, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Optical performance of prototype horn-coupled TES bolometer arrays for SAFARI

Michael Audley, Gert de Lange, Jian-Rong Gao, Pourya Khosropanah, Richard Hijmering, Marcel Ridder

Proceedings Volume 9914, 991408 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231088

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical testing, Prototyping, Bolometers, Fiber optic illuminators, Mirrors, Camera shutters, Superconductors, Detector arrays, Optical calibration

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Paper

Optical characterization of ultra-sensitive TES bolometers for SAFARI

Michael Audley, Gerhard de Lange, Jian-Rong Gao, Pourya Khosropanah, Philip Mauskopf, Dmitry Morozov, Neil Trappe, Stephen Doherty, Stafford Withington

Proceedings Volume 9153, 91530E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056037

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber optic illuminators, Bolometers, Prototyping, Camera shutters, Optical testing, Fourier transforms, Tantalum, Spectroscopy, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2014 Paper

Paper

A 4.7THz heterodyne receiver for a balloon borne telescope

D. Hayton, J. Kloosterman, Y. Ren, T. Kao, J. Gao, T. Klapwijk, Q. Hu, C. Walker, J. Reno

Proceedings Volume 9153, 91531R (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055790

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Receivers, Quantum cascade lasers, Heterodyning, Telescopes, Gas lasers, Stars, Oscillators, Temperature metrology, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Ultra-low-noise transition edge sensors for the SAFARI L-band on SPICA

D. Goldie, J. Gao, D. Glowacka, D. Griffin, R. Hijmering, P. Khosropanah, B. Jackson, P. Mauskopf, D. Morozov, J. Murphy, M. Ridder, N. Trappe, C. O'Sullivan, S. Withington

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84520A (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925861

KEYWORDS: Tantalum, Sensors, L band, Optical testing, Temperature metrology, Technetium, Copper, Gold, Prototyping, Black bodies

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Measurements of the optical performance of bolometers for SPICA/SAFARI

Michael Audley, Gert de Lange, Jian-Rong Gao, Pourya Khosropanah, Marcel Ridder, Lorenza Ferrari, Wouter Laauwen, Manisha Ranjan, Philip Mauskopf, Dmitry Morozov, Neil Trappe

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84520B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925234

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber optic illuminators, Optical testing, Resistance, Temperature metrology, Bolometers, Spherical lenses, Tantalum, Magnetic sensors, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2012 Paper

Paper

A multiplexer for the AC/DC characterization of TES-based bolometers and microcalorimeters

L. Gottardi, H. Akamatsu, M. Bruijn, J.R. Gao, R. den Hartog, R. Hijmering, H. Hoevers, P. Khosropanah, J. van der Kuur, T. van der Linden, M. Lindeman, M. Ridder

Proceedings Volume 8453, 845333 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925506

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Magnetism, Fused deposition modeling, X-rays, Multiplexers, Niobium, Temperature metrology, Amplifiers, Resonators, Superconductors

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

TES arrays for the short wavelength band of the SAFARI instrument on SPICA

P. Khosropanah, R. Hijmering, M. Ridder, J. Gao, D. Morozov, P. Mauskopf, N. Trappe, C. O'Sullivan, A. Murphy, D. Griffin, D. Goldie, D. Glowacka, S. Withington, B. Jackson, M. Audley, G. de Lange

Proceedings Volume 8452, 845209 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925334

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Black bodies, Optical testing, Temperature metrology, Measurement devices, Copper, Silicon, Technetium, Detector arrays, Optical fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Optical modeling of waveguide coupled TES detectors towards the SAFARI instrument for SPICA

N. Trappe, C. Bracken, S. Doherty, J. Gao, D. Glowacka, D. Goldie, D. Griffin, R. Hijmering, B. Jackson, P. Khosropanah, P. Mauskopf, D. Morozov, A. Murphy, C. O'Sullivan, M. Ridder, S. Withington

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84520L (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926760

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Waveguides, Waveguide modes, Wave propagation, Antennas, Free space, Scattering, Prototyping, Silicon, Instrument modeling

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Stabilized HEB-QCL heterodyne spectrometer at super-terahertz

Y. Ren, D. Hayton, J. Hovenier, M. Cui, J. Gao, T. Klapwijk, S. Shi, T.-Y. Kao, Q. Hu, J. Reno

Proceedings Volume 8452, 845210 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925651

KEYWORDS: Quantum cascade lasers, Spectroscopy, Terahertz radiation, Absorption, Heterodyning, Oscillators, Bolometers, Sensors, Actuators, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Optimized sensitivity and beam pattern of a twin-slot antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer at 1.6THz

W. Zhang, D. Hayton, J. Gao, M. Hajenius, W. Miao, D. Liu, T. Klapwijk, S. Shi

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84522H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926028

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Silicon, Receivers, Temperature metrology, Fourier transforms, Beam splitters, Superconductors, Optical testing, Bridges

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2012 Paper

Paper

Active local oscillator power stabilization for a hot electron bolometer heterodyne receiver

D. Hayton, J. Gao, J. Kooi, Y. Ren, W. Zhang, G. de Lange

Proceedings Volume 8452, 84520Z (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925851

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Heterodyning, Oscillators, Terahertz radiation, Bolometers, Spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, Power meters, Amplifiers, Gas lasers

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2011 Paper

Paper

Modelling of horn antennas and detector cavities for the SAFARI instrument at THz frequencies

S. Doherty, N. Trappe, C. O'Sullivan, J. Murphy, G. Curran, P. Mauskopf, J. Zhang, S. Withington, D. Goldie, D. Glowaka, P. Khosropanah, M. Ridder, M. Brujin, J. Gao, D. Griffin, B. Swinyard, M. Ferlot

Proceedings Volume 7938, 79380J (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.881096

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Waveguides, Computer aided design, Antennas, Terahertz radiation, Space telescopes, Bolometers, Modeling, Device simulation, Microwave radiation

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Heterodyne gas cell measurements at 2.9 THz using a quantum cascade laser as local oscillator

Y. Ren, J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, R. Higgins, W. Zhang, A. Bell, B. Klein, T. Klapwijk, S. C. Shi, T.-Y. Kao, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, J. Reno

Proceedings Volume 7741, 774118 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857658

KEYWORDS: Quantum cascade lasers, Terahertz radiation, Heterodyning, Receivers, Oscillators, Temperature metrology, Spectroscopy, Spectrometers, Astronomy, Spectroscopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Low-noise transition edge sensor (TES) for SAFARI instrument on SPICA

P. Khosropanah, B. Dirks, M. Parra-Borderías, M. Ridder, R. Hijmering, J. van der Kuur, L. Gottardi, M. Bruijn, M. Popescu, J. R. Gao, H. Hoevers

Proceedings Volume 7741, 77410L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857725

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Temperature metrology, Data modeling, Astronomy, Current controlled current source, Tantalum, Niobium, Spectroscopy, Staring arrays

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 5.3 THz

W. Zhang, J. R. Gao, P. Khosropanah, T. Bansal, T. Klapwijk, W. Miao, S. C. Shi

Proceedings Volume 7741, 77411B (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857683

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Receivers, Double sideband modulation, Silicon, Superconductors, Temperature metrology, Bolometers, Resistance, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Paper

Large format heterodyne arrays for observing far-infrared lines with SOFIA

C. Walker, C. Kulesa, J. Kloosterman, D. Lesser, T. Cottam, C. Groppi, J. Zmuidzinas, M. Edgar, S. Radford, P. Goldsmith, W. Langer, H. Yorke, J. Kawamura, I. Mehdi, D. Hollenbach, J. Stutzki, H. Huebers, J. R. Gao, C. Martin

Proceedings Volume 7741, 77410Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857811

KEYWORDS: Heterodyning, Terahertz radiation, Receivers, Spectroscopy, Stars, Spectral resolution, Oscillators, Cryogenics, Astronomy, Micromachining

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In the wavelength regime between 60 and 300 microns there are a number of atomic and molecular emission lines that are key diagnostic probes of the interstellar medium. These include transitions of [CII], [NII], [OI], HD, H₂D+, OH, CO, and H₂O, some of which are among the brightest global and local far-infrared lines in the Galaxy. In Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), evolved star envelopes, and planetary nebulae, these emission lines can be extended over many arc minutes and possess complicated, often self absorbed, line profiles. High spectral resolution (R> 10⁵) observations of these lines at sub-arcminute angular resolution are crucial to understanding the complicated interplay between the interstellar medium and the stars that form from it. This feedback is central to all theories of galactic evolution. Large format heterodyne array receivers can provide the spectral resolution and spatial coverage to probe these lines over extended regions. The advent of large format (~100 pixel) spectroscopic imaging cameras in the far-infrared (FIR) will fundamentally change the way astronomy is performed in this important wavelength regime. While the possibility of such instruments has been discussed for more than two decades, only recently have advances in mixer and local oscillator technology, device fabrication, micromachining, and digital signal processing made the construction of such instruments tractable. These technologies can be implemented to construct a sensitive, flexible, heterodyne array facility instrument for SOFIA. The instrument concept for StratoSTAR: Stratospheric Submm/THz Array Receiver includes a common user mounting, control system, IF processor, spectrometer, and cryogenic system. The cryogenic system will be designed to accept a frontend insert. The frontend insert and associated local oscillator system/relay optics would be provided by individual user groups and reflect their scientific interests. Rapid technology development in this field makes SOFIA the ideal platform to operate such a modular, continuously evolving instrument.

Proceedings Article | 19 February 2010 Paper

Paper

Optical requirements and modeling of coupling devices for future far-infrared space missions

N. Trappe, J. Gao, D. Glowacka, D. Goldie, D. Griffin, P. Khosropanah, P. Mauskopf, D. Morozov, A. Murphy, C. O'Sullivan, M. Ridder, S. Withington

Proceedings Volume 7601, 76010A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842059

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Waveguides, Wave propagation, Free space optics, Radio propagation, Space operations, Waveguide modes, Scattering, 3D modeling, Electromagnetism

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

Paper

ESPRIT: a study concept for a far-infrared interferometer in space

W. Wild, Th. de Graauw, F. Helmich, A. Baryshev, J. Cernicharo, J. Gao, A. Gunst, A. Bos, J.-W. den Herder, B. Jackson, V. Koshelets, H.-J. Langevelde, P. Maat, J. Martin-Pintado, J. Noordam, P. Roelfsema, L. Venema, P. Wesselius, P. Yagoubov

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70132R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789603

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Optical correlators, Terahertz radiation, Heterodyning, Interferometers, Satellites, Spatial resolution, Spectral resolution, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Development of transition edge superconducting bolometers for the SAFARI far-infrared spectrometer on the SPICA space-borne telescope

Philip Mauskopf, Dmitry Morozov, Dorota Glowacka, David Goldie, Stafford Withington, Marcel Bruijn, Piet DeKorte, Henk Hoevers, Marcel Ridder, Jan Van Der Kuur, Jian-Rong Gao

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70200N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788976

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Phonons, Bolometers, Superconductors, Temperature metrology, Fourier transforms, Space telescopes, Spectroscopy, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2008 Paper

Paper

Sensitivity of a hot electron bolometer heterodyne receiver at 4.3 THz

Pourya Khosropanah, Wouter Laauwen, Merlijn Hajenius, Jian-Rong Gao, Teun Klapwijk

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70201A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789387

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Terahertz radiation, Temperature metrology, Heterodyning, Beam splitters, Bolometers, Antennas, Double sideband modulation, Black bodies, Oscillators

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2007 Paper

Paper

Noise temperature of a 4.3 THz HEB receiver

Pourya Khosropanah, Wouter Laauwen, Jian-Rong Gao, Merlijn Hajenius, J. Niels Hovenier, Teun Klapwijk

Proceedings Volume 6678, 667803 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737332

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Terahertz radiation, Gas lasers, Heterodyning, Far infrared lasers, Oscillators, Antennas, Double sideband modulation, Optical pumping, Bolometers

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers

Jochem Baselmans, Merlijn Hajenius, Jianrong Gao, Piet Korte, Teun Klapwijk, Boris Voronov, Gregory Gol'tsman

Proceedings Volume 5498, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552547

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Receivers, Bolometers, Resistance, Gold, Interfaces, Superconductors, Silicon, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2004 Paper

Paper

Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range

Teun Klapwijk, R. Barends, Jianrong Gao, Merlijn Hajenius, Jochem Baselmans

Proceedings Volume 5498, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552916

KEYWORDS: Resistance, Phonons, Terahertz radiation, Superconductors, Bridges, Bolometers, Antennas, Gold, Heterodyning, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2004 Paper

Paper

Forecast for HEAT on Dome A, Antarctica: the High Elevation Antarctic Terahertz Telescope

Christopher Walker, Craig Kulesa, Dathon Golish, Abigail Hedden, K. Jacobs, Juergen Stutzki, J. Gao, Jacob Kooi, Dave Glaister, Willy Gully, Imran Mehdi, Mark Swain, Peter Siegel

Proceedings Volume 5489, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551424

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Terahertz radiation, Space telescopes, Receivers, Stars, Cryogenics, Cryocoolers, Galactic astronomy, Clouds, Heterodyning

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Development of THz Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers

Jianrong Gao, Pavel Yagoubov, Teun Klapwijk, Piet de Korte, W. Ganzevles, D. Wilms Floet

Proceedings Volume 4855, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459713

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Niobium, Bridges, Waveguides, Resistance, Receivers, Superconductors, Temperature metrology, Gold, Antennas

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Proceedings Article | 31 July 1998 Paper

Paper

345-GHz facility SIS receiver for the JCMT

Charles Cunningham, Lorne Avery, C. Bergeron, Stephane Claude, P. Feldman, J. Fletcher, Jianrong Gao, Robert Hayward, J. Jegers, Teun Klapwijk, J. MacLeod, David Matheson, A. Mirza, Russell Redman, Herman van de Stadt, E. Taada, J. Wade, Keith Yeung

Proceedings Volume 3357, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317416

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Telescopes, Oscillators, Interferometers, Mirrors, Waveguides, Computer aided design, Single sideband modulation, Polarization, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 31 July 1998 Paper

Paper

Heterodyne instrument for FIRST (HIFI): preliminary design

Mattheus de Graauw, Nick Whyborn, Herman van de Stadt, Gerard Beaudin, Douwe Beintema, Victor Belitsky, Philippe Cais, Emmanuel Caux, M. Gheudin, Alain Cros, P. de Groene, A. Emrich, Neal Erickson, Todd Gaier, Juan Gallego-Puyol, Jianrong Gao, Paul Hartogh, N. Honingh, J. Horn, K. Jacobs, R. Kruisinga, F. Lura, Alain Lecacheux, Vincenzo Natale, R. Orfei, John Pearson, Thomas Phillips, Peter Roelfsema, Carlo Rosolen, Morvan Salez, Rudolf Schieder, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Gerhard Schwaab, J. Starsky, Juergen Stutzki, S. Torchinsky, Boris van Leeuwen, Huib Visser, Klaas Wildeman, Stafford Withington, Jonas Zmuidzinas

Proceedings Volume 3357, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317368

KEYWORDS: Spectrometers, Mirrors, Oscillators, Polarization, Calibration, Control systems, Telescopes, Heterodyning, Acousto-optics, Optical amplifiers

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Showing 5 of 57 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (4)

SPIE Conference Volume | 12 September 2024

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XII

SPIE Conference Volume | 21 September 2022

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI

SPIE Conference Volume | 13 January 2021

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X

SPIE Conference Volume | 9 August 2018

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX

Conference Committee Involvement (9)

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XII

18 June 2024 | Yokohama, Japan

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI

19 July 2022 | Montréal, Québec, Canada

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X

14 December 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X

13 December 2020 | San Diego, California, United States

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX

12 June 2018 | Austin, Texas, United States

Showing 5 of 9 Conference Committees

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