Nonlinear optical effects like Optical Rectification are needed to achieve signals and provide feedback and active control of photonic platforms. Simpler materials having tunable nonlinear optical effects that respond across much of the spectrum, instead of semiconductors. Building on our earlier results, we report a new experimental observation with theoretical analysis of a transverse, or ‘Hall Effect’ optical rectification current from surface plasmons in a simple 1-D gold metasurface, without photon drag effects. Due to the strong nanoscale resonant enhancement of the electromagnetic field, higher order polarization terms cross-couple the orthogonal planes of incidence and transverse rectified current.
We report results from thin films of novel biomaterials based on natural minerals, never before synthesized in the laboratory using primarily non-toxic and environmentally friendly materials and characterized optically. These biomaterial films have high indices of refraction and would be a natural and toxicologically safe material to use for large-area optical sensing of molecules, including toxic industrial molecules. Adhering modest concentrations of molecules in solution (water/humidity, ethanol, glucose, ammonia, etc.) to the surface of a Fabry-Perot cavity is shown experimentally to sufficiently alter the index of refraction and thickness of the Fabry-Perot films to enable detection of the molecules via optical methods (reflectance, ellipsometry, transmission, etc.). We report laboratory sensing of 3 types of molecules in solution with controlled high-quality Fabry-Perot cavities. We discuss different and better biominerals to use and discern potential applications.
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