Nonlinear optical effects like Optical Rectification are needed to achieve signals and provide feedback and active control of photonic platforms. Simpler materials having tunable nonlinear optical effects that respond across much of the spectrum, instead of semiconductors. Building on our earlier results, we report a new experimental observation with theoretical analysis of a transverse, or ‘Hall Effect’ optical rectification current from surface plasmons in a simple 1-D gold metasurface, without photon drag effects. Due to the strong nanoscale resonant enhancement of the electromagnetic field, higher order polarization terms cross-couple the orthogonal planes of incidence and transverse rectified current.
Active, dynamic, and reconfigurable control of photons and absorption is an important goal for many technologies. The ability to respond to, and be designed for, a wide range of wavelengths is critical and difficult for semiconductors. We discuss our recent discovery of optical ratchet rectification in an asymmetric plasmonic grating with no intrinsic chi(2) or nonlinearity, where direct (zero frequency) electrical current flows from incident photons ~4x larger than previous results. We report optoelectronic results on a metal-insulator-metal rectifier, reconfigured by rotating ferromagnetic moments in the top metal (Co), on Au/NbOx on Nb, Al. A magnetically-reconfigurable rectifier could be switched on and off with little energy, while retaining broadband response.
Xanthommatin (Xa) is a small-molecule bio-pigment that can serve as a reconfigurable less-toxic photonic material.; we discuss actively controlling it using electromagnetic fields etc., presenting a model of the combined chromatophores and iridophores, a dynamically tunable photonic device in Nature.
We present a design and detailed fabrication of periodic and quasi-periodic plasmonic arrays including infrared scattering, patterning stripe, particle, and hole arrays with large periodicities for longwave IR scattering, and experimental reflectivity and backwards scattering from these metamaterials. We experimentally verify LWIR and other infrared diffraction from sparser arrays and arrays of holes in plasmonic metals. We simulate, using critical coupling analytical models and numerical algorithms, the reflectivity, scattering, etc. of these metamaterial arrays, and compare to the laser-based measurements. We also investigate a hole array in a plasmonic material (Ag).We find plasmonic resonances at both the air-Ag and Ag-substrate interfaces to be present, increasing transmission via the Extraordinary Optical Transmission effect, which may be tuned by an electromagnetic field to shift the resonance position, and in the future may enable novel tunable rectification.
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