To face the challenges of open and disaggregated 6G networks and the prospect/threat of quantum computing, we propose to adopt continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD), as a promising technology compatible and suitable to be integrated with conventional optical systems, in combination with software defined networking (SDN). In this work, we present our most recent advances on SDN-enabled flexible CV-QKD for future secure communications. We describe the proposed network architecture, identifying the relevant parameters and interfaces. We consider and analyze a Gaussian-modulated coherent state CV-QKD system, reporting recent experimental results at the varying of the QKD system wavelength, as relevant adaptable parameter, that can be configured by the SDN controller, for distributing highly secure keys in metropolitan networks. The capabilities and potentialities of our proposed approach for future secure communications in open and disaggregated 6G networks are also discussed.
KEYWORDS: Transceivers, S band, Single sideband modulation, Modulation, Digital signal processing, Double sideband modulation, Tunable filters, Optical transmission, Data modeling
Innovative multi band (MB) sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (S-BVTs) are proposed for future adoption in next-generation optical networks towards targeting the expected capacity scaling driven by the increasing traffic demand and emergence of new 6G services and applications with stringent requirements. To provide enhanced bandwidth/capacity and energy efficiency to support the envisioned growing demand, the use of MB technology is proposed and experimentally assessed up to 75 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) considering programmable MB S-BVTs. We demonstrate an aggregated capacity of 132.2 Gb/s exploiting S+C-bands and scalability towards enabling multi-Tb/s transmission within the metro/aggregation network segment. The sliceability of the MB S-BVT is demonstrated considering joint MB transmission (S+C) up to 2-hops network path of 75 km and an additional span of 50 km of SSMF for the C-band contribution. Different configurations based on single side band (SSB) and double side band (DSB) modulation and amplification technologies have been evaluated according to the particular scenario and band of operation. Finally, the programmability of the presented MB transceiver is also assessed as a key capability to promote network automation and flexibility. On this regard, a software-defined networking (SDN) agent based on open data model, such as OpenConfig, is implemented and validated to suitably reconfigure the transceiver according to the network requirements/demand. Key operational transceiver mode capabilities and configuration constraints, for the agent’s implementation, are identified towards supporting MB transmission within future optical networks.
The high capacity demand, to support broadband services and everything-to-internet connectivity is pushing the limits of both access and metro networks, requiring the adoption of novel strategies for the optical transceiver modules. This represents an opportunity for the adoption in these network scenarios of novel photonic technologies based on single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) at long wavelengths. On one hand, the access network evolution requires a line rate increase beyond 10 Gb/s, targeting 50 Gb/s propagation in passive optical networks (PONs) over a few tens of kms in standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with simple, cost effective and energy efficient transceivers. On the other hand, the future metropolitan area network (MAN) will need to handle multi-Tb/s traffic in a very dynamic scenario, over variable distances up to hundreds of kms while promoting sustainability, reducing the CapEx and OpEx costs and power consumption. Both needs can be fulfilled by adopting VCSEL direct modulation with multicarrier modulation formats such as discrete multitone (DMT), in combination with distinct transmitter architectures and receiver solutions to support different aggregate capacity requirements and transmission reaches. In any case DMT with bit/power loading enables flexible rate and adaptive distance for metro network applications and link adaptation and PON resource usage optimization for future access networks. In this work, we report our recent results on the adoption of VCSEL technology in both scenarios, with special focus on the receiver and transmitter adopted architectures.
Metro area network (MAN) connectivity is rapidly evolving towards a much more dense, complex and diverse scenario to be dynamically addressed with flexible cost-efficient and high-capacity technology and architecture solutions, dealing with an even more open and disaggregated paradigm. In this work, sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceiver (S-BVT) architectures adopting modular approach and suitable photonic technologies (such as VCSEL), enabling to efficiently and dynamically exploit both spectral and spatial dimensions, are discussed, considering design, implementation, cost and flexibility aspects. Recent numerical and experimental results are reported, showing how to enable scalability towards supporting multi-Tb/s connectivity in flexible and dynamic large MAN.
Innovative photonic solutions designed and developed in the H2020 research project PASSION are presented for the future metropolitan area network (MAN) supporting different aggregated data traffic volumes and operating at heterogenous granularities. System performance evaluated both by simulations and experimentation regarding the proposed vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) -based modular sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceiver (S-BVT) are shown in realistic MANs organized by hierarchical levels with the crossing of multiple nodes characterized by new switching/aggregation technologies. The capabilities and challenges of the proposed cost-effective, energy-efficient and reduced footprint technological solutions will be demonstrated to face the request of huge throughput and traffic scalability.
This article provides insight on two of the most relevant applications driving the design of the future MAN: the implementation of 5G by means of C-RAN (Cloud - Radio Area Network) and the deployment of edge computing. The work addresses important questions such as the target latency budget for future MANs, the target bandwidth requirements for 2020-2030 induced by 5G midhaul and fronthaul traffic, and describes how optical and electronics layers can co-operate to meet the QoS targets of C-RAN and edge computing traffic. In the process, we identify the key architectural elements to meet the challenges of these applications in a cost-effective way.
The information technologies (ITs)-communications infrastructure convergence is key to future optical networks for achieving an automated orchestration of IT, optical and cloud resources. To cope with this challenge, transmission systems need to be agile, programmable, and capable of transmitting large amounts of data, while covering data center and metropolitan networks. This work addresses transmission solutions using coherent detection combined with either direct or external modulation, with special focus on flexible, high capacity and cost/energy-efficient systems. The proposed technological solutions are evaluated in terms of throughput, and programmability and interaction with the control plane.
The use of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) at long wavelengths, especially if characterized by large bandwidth or tunable capability, is appearing as an attractive technology for the implementation of advanced transceivers to be used in optical metro networks at 100G and beyond.
In this work, we report recent promising results on the adoption of different types of VCSEL for the sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceiver (S-BVT) design. Special attention will be devoted to technological aspects and challenges, focusing on the added value of exploiting novel photonic technologies for the implementation of costeffective transceivers, suitable for future optical metro networks targeting high capacity and flexibility.
This work elaborates on: i) why the sliceable bandwidth variable transceiver (S-BVT) represents a key enabler for next-generation optical metro networks; ii) how it should be designed to take benefit of its capabilities and advanced features; and iii) which are the promising technologies to be adopted addressing the most relevant requirements and challenges. Specifically, S-BVT architectures based on multicarrier modulation and flexi-grid technologies, adopting cost-effective optoelectronic front-ends, enable flexible adaptation to dynamic traffic and variable path condition, targeting high capacity and scalability, while saving network resources and costs. Programmability and modularity are envisioned for integration in software-defined optical metro networks.
KEYWORDS: Image processing, Video, Video compression, Signal processing, Image compression, Video processing, Wavelets, Optical networks, Data compression, Integrated optics
Image distribution is getting more and more processor demanding, due to the increased quality requirements and the
need for real time imaging. Therefore, improved techniques and processors are being designed.
Another attractive approach is keeping image processing in the optical domain and extending, as much as it is possible,
the functionalities performed to this domain. Optical processing is a reality in many research fields, namely optical
communications. Results reported in literature show that it is possible to exploit optical components to accomplish image
capture, optical transform processing, sampling and thresholding. We propose a general architecture for all-optical image
acquisition, processing and transmitting, and review potential best fit for each functionality.
All optical architectures for Wavelet Packet Division Multiplexing (WPDM) are presented, that can be used in multiple access networks to increase the number of simultaneous users. Wavelet waveform coding spreads data signals both in time and frequency domains, with a large capacity improvement with respect to standard Optical-Code Division Multiple Access (O-CDMA) systems. In addition, the orthogonal property of the wavelet atoms ensures low InterSymbol Interference (ISI) and Multiple Access Interference (MAI) noises.
To exploit the large bandwidth capacity of optical fibres, the Optical-Electrical-Optical (O-E-O) conversion is completely avoided, and we designed an all optical system that realizes the WPDM fully in the optical domain. A single Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) device multiplies/demultiplies N different users and a diffractive or an integrated optical device performs the waveform coding/decoding. The Wavelet Packet (WP) encoder/decoder is realized as a tree of lattice-form delay-line filters, and can be integrated on a single device along with the optical waveform modulator, resulting in a compact planar optical system. In addition, we show that different choices of WP encoders/decoders are possible to further enhance the system performances.
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