Recently, industrial trends strongly favor the concepts of high density, low power consumption and low cost applications of Datacom and Telecom pluggable transceiver modules. Hence, thermal management plays an important role, especially in the design of high-performance compact optical transceivers. Extensive care should be taken on wavelength drift for thermal tuning lasers using thermoelectric cooler and indeed, accurate expression is needed to describe transient characteristics of the Peltier device to achieve maximum controllability. In this study, the exact solution of governing equation is presented, considering Joule heating, heat conduction, heat flux of laser diode and thermoelectric effect in one dimension.
This paper presents an overview of the Haar Wavelet Transform applied with a Multimode Interferometer. The Haar Wavelet Transform is one of the most used compressing method due to its fast computation and uncomplicated design. It only requires an averaging and differencing method, making it possible to easily decompose and compress an image. Based on Soldano1 self-imaging numerical approach and Besse design,2 an 2 x 2 Multimode Interferometer with modified access waveguides is presented as solution. Using Beam Propagation Method simulations, the solution was tested, analysed and applied on an Haar Network.
This paper intends to propose a monolithic photonic integrated InP transceiver for Next Generation of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (NG-EPON). The presented architecture was designed as an Optical Network Unit (ONU). The concept behind the suggested transceiver architecture is here presented together with the steps necessary to deploy the proposed solution.
KEYWORDS: Receivers, Signal detection, Digital signal processing, Modulation, Optical amplifiers, Polarization, Modulators, Optical fibers, Signal to noise ratio, Interference (communication)
This work reviews the latest advancements in coherent self-homodyne detection (SHD) using signals with polarizationor space-multiplexed pilot tones (PTs) originating from the same light source, towards the implementation of low-cost coherent receivers. The coherency between signals and PTs drastically reduces laser linewidth requirements, enabling the use of high-order modulation formats with low-cost DFB lasers. In this work, we revise the application of SHD in high-capacity space-division multiplexed links using multi-core fibers, outlining optical signal-to-noise ratio, skew and phase noise requirements of such systems. Furthermore, we evaluate the application of SHD for the implementation of laser-less optical network units in passive optical networks, as well as recent developments in digital SHD techniques.
Over the years, the increased search and exchange of information lead to an increase of traffic intensity in todays optical communication networks. Coherent communications, using the amplitude and phase of the signal, reappears as one of the transmission techniques to increase the spectral efficiency and throughput of optical channels. In this context, this paper present a survey on format conversion of modulated signals using MZISOAs, based exclusively on all-optical techniques through wavelength conversion. We also present two proposal using all-optical techniques: One for the conversion of amplitude modulation signals to a continuous phase modulation format, and another technique for the conversion of OOK signals to QPSK and QAM signals. Both approaches are experimentally validated.
In this work a mixed integer optimization linear programming (MILP) model applied to IP over WDM networks, in order to reduce network energy consumption. Simulations were made based on a real network topology as well as on forecasts of traffic matrix based on statistical data from 2005 up to 2017. Several techniques were tested an the bypass technique yielded up to 88% savings, as well as absence of transponders between IP and WDM layer potentially saving up to 48%, by shortest path routing technique. Energy aware routing optimization model, has led to an overall reduction in consumption up to 51% in 2017.
We experimentally demonstrate a set of ultra-high capacity free space passive optical networks (PONs) using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) Nyquist pulse shaped and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulations. Moreover, these technologies support up to 10 Gb/s services per user and allow a smooth and full integration between fiber and optical wireless access networks.
In this paper, the implementations of clock and carrier recovery in digital domain are analyzed. Hardware implementation details, resources estimation and real-time results are presented. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC), operating at 1.25Gsa/s, and a Virtex-6 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), have been used, allowing the implementation of a real-time Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) system operating at 1.25Gb/s. The real-time mode operation is successfully demonstrated over 80 km of Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF).
In this paper the authors present a monolithic Photonic Integrated Circuit which includes a transmitter and a receiver for NG-PON2. With this layout it is possible to build an OLT and, by redesigning some filters, also an ONU. This technology allows reducing the losses in the transmitter and in the receiver, increasing power budget, and also reducing the OEO conversions, which has been a major problem that operators want to surpass.
This paper proposes a new methodology for the generation of quadrature amplitude modulation signals, based on all-optical processing from nonlinear interferometric devices. The degradation of the systems performance is numerically analyzed, as a function of operational parameter’s unbalance and physical impairments of the system. The results shows that the probe laser power and the coupling factor of optical couplers are the most sensitive parameters of the proposed format conversion system.
In recent years, real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RT-MRI) has been used to acquire vocal tract data to support articulatory studies. The large amount of images resulting from these acquisitions needs to be processed and the resulting data analysed to extract articulatory features. This analysis is often performed by linguists and phoneticists and requires not only tools providing a high level exploration of the data, to gather insight over the different aspects of speech, but also a set of features to compare different vocal tract configurations in static and dynamic scenarios. In order to make the data available in a faster and systematic fashion, without the continuous direct involvement of image processing specialists, a framework is being developed to bridge the gap between the more technical aspects of raw data and the higher level analysis required by speech researchers. In its current state it already includes segmentation of the vocal tract, allows users to explore the different aspects of the acquired data using coordinated views, and provides support for vocal tract configuration comparison. Beyond the traditional method of visual comparison of vocal tract profiles, a quantitative method is proposed, considering relevant anatomical features, supported by an abstract representation of the data both for static and dynamic analysis.
We present a high-data rate optical wireless system. The implemented system exploits polarization (PM) and wavelength multiplexing, achieving the transmission of a total capacity of 1.6 Tbit/s over hybrid fiber free-space optics (FSO) system with no optical-electronic-optical conversion at the interfaces with air. Quadrature phase shift keying modulation in each channel and coherent detection were used. The system allows enough power budget to support the record transmission of 16 channels, operating each at 100 Gbit/s over 40 km of fiber and 80 m of FSO between two buildings. Performance of the fully transparent connection is presented in terms of bit-error rate.
Optical propagation modeling is being pushed to the limits as the usage of optical fiber bandwidth is taken to the limits. Also, the widespread deployment of Passive Optical Networks (PON) requires extra power budgets, which are normally achieved by increased laser optical power or amplification. In these conditions the nonlinear effects become an extra impairment factor, which has to be brought to attention. Furthermore, while compensating their impacts into propagation by means of back-propagation the precise definition of their impact and magnitude is required. In this work we will observe the potential and validity of the Volterra series when applied to both high powers, high channel densities and back-propagation conditions.
KEYWORDS: Image processing, Video, Video compression, Signal processing, Image compression, Video processing, Wavelets, Optical networks, Data compression, Integrated optics
Image distribution is getting more and more processor demanding, due to the increased quality requirements and the
need for real time imaging. Therefore, improved techniques and processors are being designed.
Another attractive approach is keeping image processing in the optical domain and extending, as much as it is possible,
the functionalities performed to this domain. Optical processing is a reality in many research fields, namely optical
communications. Results reported in literature show that it is possible to exploit optical components to accomplish image
capture, optical transform processing, sampling and thresholding. We propose a general architecture for all-optical image
acquisition, processing and transmitting, and review potential best fit for each functionality.
Until recently, fiber Bragg gratings have been found to exhibit three different growth mechanisms, type I, type II-arising from physical damage-and type IIA. Recently, it has been reported a new regime termed type IA. In this contribution we will report the observation of an abnormal growth mechanism of gratings written in high-Germanium-doped fibers, different from the referred types. First, we will identify possible causes for the observed evolution of the induced perturbation's characteristics (mean value and amplitude) as a function of the accumulated UV fluency. Then, we will analyze the thermal behavior (stability and sensitivity) of gratings formed through the referred abnormal mechanism and compare it with the obtained for the other well-known types (type I, IA and IIA), discussing the results and possible applications in sensing and optical communications areas.
The noise characteristics and gain saturation of bidirectionally pumped Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) are investigated in detail. The results show that the noise characteristics of bidirectionally pumped RFA are intermediate between that of the co- and counter-pumped RFA, and can be improved by the reasonable increment of co-gain. The saturation power is decreased and the gain saturation phenomenon is deepened with the increment of the ratio of the co-gain to the counter gain.
In this contribution we compare the thermal stability of type I and type IIa gratings written in germanosilicate fibers. We study and compare their central wavelengths drifts and variations of the maximum reflectivity with temperature. Also, two other important factors, the bandwidth and group delay characteristics are characterized, compared, and the differences justified, based on the gratings physical structure.
In this contribution the routing capabilities of time/wavelength codes in Optical Code Division Multiple access are observed by means of the study of two devices for achieving the wavelength part code conversion. Multi-wavelength conversion will be achieved by using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and a Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. The conversion results for the two devices will be characterized and compared in terms of applicability to the conversion in hands and to the referred application.
This paper summarizes the research activities of the optical communications group at University of Aveiro and Institute of Telecommunications-Aveiro pole. Several activities like clock recovery systems, both electrical and all optical, electrical equalizers for very high bit rate DST systems, post-detection filters for multigigabit optical receivers, soliton systems, simulation work on WDM, DST, EDFA and short pulse generation for high bit rate systems are presented.
The mutual interaction between two solitons, frequency shifted from each other, and copropagating in a non-linear media, is investigated for the case of a wide range of frequency shifts. Analytical solutions are derived for the trajectory of solitons when submitted to frequency shifts. Simulations are also presented as certification of the validity limits of each analytical result. Numerical results are used to define the optimum range of frequency shifts, and potential applications are proposed.
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