Beyond the optical and analytical performance of the sensor itself, the development of an optical detection tool in response to a pressing research or diagnostic need requires consideration of a host of additional factors. This talk will provide an overview of two photonic sensor systems developed for profiling the human immune response to COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination. One, focused on the design goal of high multiplexing (many targets per sensor), was built on the Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry (AIR) platform. AIR is a free-space optics technique that relies on the creation and target molecule binding-induced disruption of an antireflective coating on the surface of a silicon chip. The second method, focused on low cost and high speed, uses a small (1 x 4 mm) ring resonator photonic chip embedded in a plastic card able to provide passive transport of human samples. This “disposable photonics” platform is able to detect and quantify anti-COVID antibodies in a human sample in a minute, making it attractive for high-throughput testing applications.
Detection of antibodies to upper respiratory pathogens is critical to surveillance, assessment of the immune status of individuals, vaccine development, and basic biology. The urgent need for antibody detection tools has proven particularly acute in the COVID-19 era. Array-based tools are desirable as methods for assessing broader patterns of antigen-specific responses, as well as providing information on SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the context of pre-existing immunity to other viruses. Also, methods that rapidly and quantitatively detect antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens using small (fingerstick) quantities of blood are essential for monitoring immunity at a global scale. This talk will describe the development of two optical sensor platforms (Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry, and an integrated photonics platform fabricated at AIM Photonics) for quantifying antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other upper respiratory pathogens, and oriented towards the needs of multiplex detection and speed.
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