KEYWORDS: Control systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Calibration, Sensors, Signal detection, Electronic filtering, Human-machine interfaces, Analog electronics, Phase measurement, Signal processing
The paper describes the hardware and software architecture of a control and measurement system for electromagnetic field
stabilization inside the radio frequency electron gun, in FLASH experiment. A complete measurement path has been
presented, including I and Q detectors and FPGA based, low latency digital controller. Algorithms used to stabilize the
electromagnetic field have been presented as well as the software environment used to provide remote access to the control
device. An input signal calibration procedure has been described as a crucial element of measurement process.
KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Control systems, Free electron lasers, Field programmable gate arrays, Embedded systems, Digital signal processing, Electromagnetism, Superconductors, Niobium, Microwave radiation
The low level RF control system (LLRF) of FEL serves for stabilization of the electromagnetic (EM) field in the
superconducting niobium, resonant, microwave cavities and for controlling high power (MW) klystron. LLRF system of
FLASH accelerator bases on FPGA technology and embedded microprocessors. Basic and auxiliary functions of the
systems are listed as well as used algorithms for superconductive cavity parameters identification. These algorithms were
prepared originally in Matlab. The main part of the paper presents implementation of the cavity parameters identification
algorithm in a PowerPC processor embedded in the FPGA circuit VirtexIIPro. A construction of a very compact Matlab
script converter to C code was presented, referred to as M2C. The application is designed specifically for embedded
systems of very confined resources. The generated code is optimized for the weight. The code should be transferable
between different hardware platforms. The converter generates a code for Linux and for stand-alone applications.
Functional structure of the program was described and the way it is acting. FLEX and BIZON tools were used for
construction of the converter. The paper concludes with an example of the M2C application to convert a complex
identification algorithm for superconductive cavities in FLASH laser.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, MATLAB, Digital signal processing, Computer simulations, Clocks, Diagnostics, Data processing, Systems modeling, Matrix multiplication, Photonics
The European XFEL project uses the LLRF system for stabilization of a vector sum of the RF field in 32
superconducting cavities. A dedicated, high performance photonics and electronics and software was built. To provide
high system availability an appropriate test environment as well as diagnostics was designed. A real time simulation
subsystem was designed which is based on dedicated electronics using FPGA technology and robust simulation models
implemented in VHDL. The paper presents an architecture of the system framework which allows for easy and flexible
conversion of MATLAB language structures directly into FPGA implementable grid of parameterized and simple DSP
processors. The decomposition of MATLAB grammar was described as well as optimization process and FPGA
implementation issues.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Logic, System on a chip, Embedded systems, Operating systems, Particle accelerators, Free electron lasers, Computer programming languages, Computer programming, Telecommunications
FPGA devices are often used in High Energy Physics and accelerator technology experiments, where the highest technologies are needed. To make FPGA based systems more flexible, common technique is to provide SoC (System on a Chip) solution in the FPGA, which is in most cases a CPU unit. Such a combination gives possibility to balance between hardware and software implementation of particular task. SoC solution on FPGA can be very flexible, because in simplest cases no additional hardware is needed to run programs on CPU, and when system has such devices like UART, SDRAM memory, mass storage and network interface, it can handle full featured operating system such as Linux or VxWorks. Embedded process can be set up in different configurations, depending on the available resources on board, so every user can adjust system to his own needs. Embedded systems can be also used to perform partial self-reconfiguration of FPGA logic of the chip, on which the system is running. This paper will also present some results on SoC implementations in a Low Level RF system under design for the VUV Free Electron Laser, FLASH, DESY, Hamburg.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Data conversion, Field programmable gate arrays, Computer programming, Software development, Data modeling, Algorithm development, Digital signal processing, Control systems design, Data archive systems
Modern accelerator technology combines software and hardware solutions to provide distributed, high efficiency digital systems for High Energy Physics experiments. Providing flexible, maintainable software is crucial for ensuring high availability of the whole system. In order to fulfill all these requirements, appropriate design and development techniques have to be used. Software patterns are well known solution for common programming issues, providing proven development paradigms, which can help to avoid many design issues. DOOCS patterns introduces new concepts of reusable software components for control system algorithms development and implementation in DOOCS framework. Chosen patterns have been described and usage examples have been presented in this paper.
KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Field programmable gate arrays, Device simulation, Control systems, Calibration, Free electron lasers, Data acquisition, Superconductors, Algorithm development, Visualization
The note describes integrated system of hardware controller and simulator of the resonant superconducting, narrowband niobium cavity, originally considered for the TTF and TESLA in DESY, Hamburg (now predicted for the W V and X-Ray FEL). The controller bases on a programmable circuit Xilinx VirtexII V3000 embedded on a PCB XtremeDSP Development Kit by Nallatech. The FPGA circuit configuration was done in the VHDL language. The internal hardware multiplication components, present in Virtex II chips, were used, to improve the floating point calculation efficiency. The implementation was achieved of a device working in the real time, according to the demands of the LLRF control system for the TESLA Test Facility. The device under consideration will be referred to as superconducting cavity (SCCav) SIMCON throughout this work. This document is intended to be used by end users and operators. It describes step by step how to install SIMCON in specific configuration, how and what software to copy to computer. There is described set of basic Matlab functions for developers of control algorithms. This paper also contains brief description how to use Matlab function of one algorithm with its graphic user panels. This TESLA Report is in close relations with the following TESLA Reports published previously: 2005-05, 2005-02, 2004-10. Together, these Reports make a full SIMCON manual.
KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Device simulation, Field programmable gate arrays, Control systems, Algorithm development, Data communications, Systems modeling, Interfaces, Safety, Digital signal processing
The paper describes the concept and realization of the DOOCS control software for FPGA-based TESLA cavity controller and simulator (SIMCON). It bases on universal software components, created for laboratory purposes and used in MATLAB based control environment. These modules have been recently adapted to the DOOCS environment to ensure a unified software to hardware communication model. The presented solution can be also used as a general platform for control algorithms development. The proposed interfaces between MATLAB and DOOCS modules allow to check the developed algorithm in the operation environment before implementation in the FPGA. As the examples two systems have been presented.
KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Field programmable gate arrays, Control systems, Algorithm development, Device simulation, Digital signal processing, Interfaces, Computer simulations, Telecommunications, Control systems design
The paper describes the concept and realization of the DOOCS control software for FPGA-based TESLA cavity controller and simulator (SIMCON). It bases on universal software components, created for laboratory purposes and used in MATLAB based control environment. These modules have been recently adapted to the DOOCS environment to ensure a unified software to hardware communication model. The presented solution can be also used as a general platform for control algorithms development. The proposed interfaces between MATLAB and DOOCS modules allow to check the developed algorithm in the operation environment before implementation in the FPGA. As the examples two systems have been presented.
This document describes aspects of creating software for communication with hardware, especially with FPGA based systems. Features unique for FPGA systems are compared with features of the traditional electronic systems. There are discussed topics like hardware interface definition, or address space description. Connecting client application is shown with Matlab as an example. Solutions with FPGA and embedded processors are discussed.
FPGA based cavity simulator and controller is the next generation control system dedicated for high performance, low latency control algorithm development and implementation. The usage of FPGA technology gives users possibility to create many devices on one board and easy exchange, modify or improve VHDL programmed algorithms. In order to provide the full functionality of the system to the user, and meet the requirements of flexibility and extensibility, an appropriate control software is needed. This paper describes the idea and implementation of control environment dedicated for FPGA based devices. As an example of implementation, two control environments have been implemented; the laboratory software based on Matlab, and the application for accelerator operation using DOOCS environment.
KEYWORDS: MATLAB, Control systems, Device simulation, Field programmable gate arrays, Control systems design, Superconductors, Free electron lasers, Human-machine interfaces, Data communications, Data conversion
The paper describes design and performance of the DOOCS (distributed, object oriented) based control system for the cavity simulator and controller (SIMCON). A concise description of the DOOCS system is given. Resident data types and data flow throughout the Simcon system are discussed. The basic ideas and implementation issues of the server and client application are described as well as some alternatives to the DOOCS solution (considered as partial) is presented.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Telecommunications, Device simulation, Control systems, Human-machine interfaces, Sun, C++, Digital signal processing, Control systems design, Software development
A concise overview of the laboratory solution of the FPGA based TESLA cavity simulator and controller (SIMCON) is presented. The major emphasis is put in this paper on the high level part of the system. There were described the following steps of the system design and realization: solution choice, design of system components, implementing the solutions, introduction of the application, initial analysis of the working application. The paper is a first description of the working DOOCS server for the FPGA based TESLA cavity SIMCON (which is a part of the LLRF subsystem). The data gathered from the work of the DOOCS server promise for the system optimization possibilities. The server will be supplemented with the GUI in the next step of this effort. Throughout the work we will refer to the debated system as to the TESLA SIMCON DOOCS server or in short the "simcon server." The hardware layer of the TESLA cavity SIMCON (to which the designed software refers to) was realized in a single FPGA Virtex chip by Xilinx (XC2V3000 development board by Nallatech).
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