We are engaged in international standardization activities for 3D displays. We consider that for a sound development of
3D displays' market, the standards should be based on not only mechanism of 3D displays, but also human factors for
stereopsis. However, we think that there is no common understanding on what the 3D display should be and that the
situation makes developing the standards difficult. In this paper, to understand the mechanism and human factors, we
focus on a double image, which occurs in some conditions on an autostereoscopic display. Although the double image is
generally considered as an unwanted effect, we consider that whether the double image is unwanted or not depends on
the situation and that there are some allowable double images. We tried to classify the double images into the unwanted
and the allowable in terms of the display mechanism and visual ergonomics for stereopsis. The issues associated with the
double image are closely related to performance characteristics for the autostereoscopic display. We also propose
performance characteristics, measurement and analysis methods to represent interocular crosstalk and motion parallax.
We have developed a 1-inch diagonal transflective 2D/3D-LCD with a novel pixel arrangement, called HDDP (Horizontally Double-Density Pixels). In the HDDP arrangement, both horizontal and vertical resolutions are equal, which not only results in high 3D image quality, but also means that 2D images, such as characters, can be displayed perfectly. With this design, both 3D and 2D images can be displayed simultaneously in the same picture with no need for
2D/3D mode-conversion. In order to avoid increasing power consumption, we chose to use a lenticular lens and a
transflective mode which employs ambient light. In transflective mode, so as not to reduce the 3D visible zone, we use a
horizontal stripe reflector, which divides each dot into a transmissive region and a reflective region vertically, without
dividing the 3D visible zone into transmissive or reflective zones. As a result, a wide 3D visible zone has been achieved.
In addition, in order to avoid image degradation caused by a combination of a micro structure on the reflector and a
lenticular lens, we optimized the micro structure and defocused the lenticular lens. Its small size, high visibility and lowpower
consumption can broaden the applications of 3D displays.
Although interest in 3D displays that don't require special glasses is growing, developers of 3D displays still face many challenges, such as resolution loss in 3D and 3D/2D convertibility. We have solved these problems with the development of a novel pixel arrangement, called Horizontally Double-Density Pixels (HDDP). In this structure, two pictures (one for the left and one for the right eye) on two adjacent pixels form one square 3D pixel. This doubles the 3D resolution, making it as high as the 2D display and shows 3D images anywhere in 2D images with the same resolution. The display we have developed is lenticular lens based, is 2.5 diagonal inches in size, and has a 320x2 (RL) x 480x3 (RGB) resolution. As a 3D display, the horizontal and vertical resolutions are equal (235 ppi each). A user aptitude investigation was conducted for mobile phone applications. Several kinds of 3D pictures were presented to 345 participants, whose ages ranged from 16 to 54, and their preferences were surveyed. 3D pictures were categorized into three application areas: communication, entertainment, and useful tools in the mobile environment. Eighteen examples of possible 3D applications were listed and put to the vote. The results showed a high acceptance of and interest in this mobile 3D display.
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