We have developed a new optical device and aerial imaging display system with that device. The system has features that the pop-out distance of the aerial image is long and there is no need for a space having the same distance as the pop-out distance on the back side of the optical device.
The optical device is a retro-reflective mirror array by arranging corner reflectors in strip shape. We have designed a layout of corner reflectors to image a real image at the designed depth by changing angles of the corner reflectors depending on the location. Thus, it has retroreflective characteristics in the horizontal direction of the optical device and specular reflection characteristics in the vertical direction.
We are engaged in international standardization activities for 3D displays. We consider that for a sound development of
3D displays' market, the standards should be based on not only mechanism of 3D displays, but also human factors for
stereopsis. However, we think that there is no common understanding on what the 3D display should be and that the
situation makes developing the standards difficult. In this paper, to understand the mechanism and human factors, we
focus on a double image, which occurs in some conditions on an autostereoscopic display. Although the double image is
generally considered as an unwanted effect, we consider that whether the double image is unwanted or not depends on
the situation and that there are some allowable double images. We tried to classify the double images into the unwanted
and the allowable in terms of the display mechanism and visual ergonomics for stereopsis. The issues associated with the
double image are closely related to performance characteristics for the autostereoscopic display. We also propose
performance characteristics, measurement and analysis methods to represent interocular crosstalk and motion parallax.
We propose a method to increase the viewing resolution of an autostereoscopic display without increasing the density of
microlenses. Multiple projectors are used for the projection images to be focused and overlaid on a common plane in the
air behind the microlens array. The multiple overlaid projection images yield multiple light spots inside the region of
each elemental lenslet of the microlens array. This feature provides scalable high resolution images by increasing the
number of projectors.
In this paper, we describe a method to combine two integral photography (IP) displays to represent a larger
amount of depth while maintaining image quality. We adopt integral videography (IV), which can emit 4D
light fields into real space to present full-parallax 3D videos. The two IVs are located at different depths
on the same optical axis by using a beam splitter. We present some steps to enhance the quality of our
3D display. First, we remove positional displacements based on an adjustment between the LCD and the
lens array of IV. The positional displacements include parallel, rotational, and depth displacement. Next,
we strictly adjust the two IVs' positions to right positions. Adjusting geometrical positions is based on
optical rotations and shifts. Finally, we run the hidden surface removal to hide surfaces of 3D objects on
the background display to prevent viewers from seeing the distracting surface. In conclusion, our optically
multilayered light field display is effective for enhancing the depth of field.
We developed two mobile-device size autostereoscopic integral videography (IV) displays with field sequential
color (FSC) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and micro lens arrays. IV is an autostereoscopic video technique
based on integral photography. The FSC-LCD has a different backlight from that of conventional LCDs. The
backlight is produced by red, blue, and green light emitting diodes (LED) instead of by cold cathode fluorescent
lamps, and each LED emits light sequentially. IV based on FSC-LCD doesn't cause color moires because the
FSC-LCD does not require color filters. One FSC-LCD IV display is 5-inch diagonal with 256×192 lenses and
20 ray directions. Its base FSC-LCD is 300ppi with 1280×768 pixels. The other FSC-LCD IV display is 4.5-inch
diagonal with 192×150 lenses and 80 ray directions. Its base FSC-LCD is 498ppi with 1920×1200 pixels. In this
paper, we first describe the problems of a previous conventional LCD-based IV displays, and then describe the
principle of the IV displays based on the FSC-LCDs. Next, we analyze the IV displays by a plenoptic sampling
theory. Lastly, we compare three versions of the IV displays, two based on the FSC-LCDs and one based on the
conventional LCD.
We present a new concept of scene adaptive imaging scheme for integral photography (IP), which is named
as "adaptive IP (AIP) imaging." Our proposal is to use variable focus lenses to compose the lens array for IP
imaging. Our scheme will greatly enhance the potential of free-viewpoint image synthesis from IP images, because
the sampling pattern of light-field can be optimized for the scene structure. We first introduce a theoretical model
describing how to optimize the light field sampling for the target scene, by using our virtual camera model in
the Hough transform space. We then describe our prototype implementation with 64 liquid lenses compactly
arranged in an 8 by 8 matrix, and preliminary results with it. Our imaging scheme can be regarded as an example
of Programmable Imaging, and will contribute to this new trend of imaging methods.
We developed a mobile-size integral videography (IV) display that reproduces 60 ray directions. IV is an autostereoscopic
video image technique based on integral photography (IP). The IV display consists of a 2-D display
and a microlens array. The maximal spatial frequency (MSF) and the number of rays appear to be the most
important factors in producing realistic autostereoscopic images. Lens pitch usually determines the MSF of IV
displays. The lens pitch and pixel density of the 2-D display determine the number of rays it reproduces. There
is a trade-off between the lens pitch and the pixel density. The shape of an elemental image determines the shape
of the area of view.
We developed an IV display based on the above correlationship. The IV display consists of a 5-inch 900-dpi
liquid crystal display (LCD) and a microlens array. The IV display has 60 ray directions with 4 vertical rays and
a maximum of 18 horizontal rays. We optimized the color filter on the LCD to reproduce 60 rays. The resolution
of the display is 256x192, and the viewing angle is 30 degrees. These parameters are sufficient for mobile game
use. Users can interact with the IV display by using a control pad.
We propose a spherical layout for a camera array system when shooting images for use in Integral Videography (IV). IV is an autostereoscopic video image technique based on Integral Photography (IP) and is one of the preferred autostereoscopic techniques for displaying images. There are many studies on autostereoscopic displays based on this technique indicating its potential advantages. Other camera arrays have been studied, but their purpose addressed other issues, such as acquiring high-resolution images, capturing a light field, creating contents for non-IV-based autostereoscopic displays and so on. Moreover, IV displays images with high stereoscopic resolution when objects are displayed close to the display. As a consequence, we have to capture high-resolution images in close vicinity to the display. We constructed the spherical layout for the camera array system using 30 cameras arranged in a 6 by 5 array. Each camera had an angular difference of 6 degrees, and we set the cameras to the direction of the sphere center. These cameras can synchronously capture movies. The resolution of the cameras is a 640 by 480. With this system, we determined the effectiveness of the proposed layout of cameras and actually captured IP images, and displayed real autostereoscopic images.
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