D-H parameter method is employed to conduct forward kinematic analysis of the dexterous hand in this article, in order to obtain the mechanical performance of the SMA biomimetic flexible dexterous hand for object grasping. The D-H parameters of the dexterous hand are determined, and the position expression of the fingertip relative to the base coordinate is obtained through theoretical calculations. Furthermore, inverse kinematic theoretical analysis of the biomimetic dexterous hand is conducted to obtain the joint angle parameters of each finger. A forward kinematic simulation model of the biomimetic dexterous hand is established, and the relationship between finger joint angles and fingertip position curves is obtained through simulation. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical analysis results to validate the correctness of the kinematic analysis of the dexterous hand, providing insights for its optimized design.
This article developed a calibration method to evaluate the metrological characteristics of non-amplified nucleic acid quantitative fluorometers, by studying the working principle of non-amplified nucleic acid quantitative fluorometer. Multiple different types of non-amplified nucleic acid quantitative fluorometers were selected for pre-testing and national certified reference materials are chosen as reference. Critical parameters such as indication error, repeatability, and correlation coefficient are selected as test items. The experimental results shows that, the method proposed and reference materials selected can effectively evaluate the metrological performance of the instrument, which is of great significance for the quality control and quantity traceability of non-amplified nucleic acid quantitative fluorometers.
Medical air system is widely used in hospitals. Parameters such as terminal pressure, terminal pressure drop, terminal flow, water content, and particle concentration can directly decide the quality of medical air system. At present, there is no relevant calibration specification,or method for medical air system in China. This article presents a novel calibration method for medical air system by determining corresponding environmental conditions, calibration standards, location of standards and calculation equations. The calibration results show that the calibration method is scientific and practical for metrological performance evaluation of medical air system.
This article studies the key technical parameters such as “short wavelength boundary,” “energy density,” “energy output uniformity,” and “pulse duration” of xenon light source equipment for therapeutic use, determines the measurement standard, and presents an applicable metrological performance evaluation method for the equipment. The evaluation procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of xenon light source equipment for therapeutic use widely used in China, and the experimental results show that the evaluation method presented in this article is scientific and effective, and can be adopted for the periodic calibration of the equipment, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the equipment.
Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) is an integrated service system constructed based on multi-base station network Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technology. CORS system is composed of several fixed and continuously operating GNSS reference stations which form a network automatically providing different types of GNSS observations such as carrier phase and pseudorange, various correction numbers, status information and other GNSS services through computers, data communication and Internet (LAN/WAN) technology. This article selects an appropriate location and sets up a reference station to receive Beidou, GPS, GLONASS satellite data basing on CORS system, establishes an All-Terrain inspection field, designs a set of mobile positioning terminals, and develops a set of real time inspection software for the calibration of navigation products. Experimental verification results shows that the calibration system designed by this article is applicable to calibrate navigation products and worthy of extensive promotion.
Infant phototherapy incubator is widely used in medical institutions to reduce the concentration of bilirubin in the body of infant while maintaining the body temperature of the infant. This article presents a novel design of calibration procedure to measure the instruments’ metrological parameters such as "error of total irradiance for bilirubin after pre-ageing", "relative local distribution of total irradiance for bilirubin after pre-ageing", "uniformity of incubator temperature", "accuracy of skin temperature sensor", "relative humidity indication error" and "accuracy of oxygen sensor" in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of infant phototherapy incubator. The experimental results show that the calibration procedure presented in this article can ensure the metrological traceability of infant phototherapy incubators in daily use.
Infant phototherapy incubator is widely used in medical institutions to reduce the concentration of bilirubin in the body of infant while maintaining the body temperature of the infant. This article presents a novel design of calibration procedure to measure the instruments’ metrological parameters such as "error of total irradiance for bilirubin after pre-ageing", "relative local distribution of total irradiance for bilirubin after pre-ageing", "uniformity of incubator temperature", "accuracy of skin temperature sensor", "relative humidity indication error" and "accuracy of oxygen sensor" in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of infant phototherapy incubator. The experimental results show that the calibration procedure presented in this article can ensure the metrological traceability of infant phototherapy incubators in daily use.
This article presents a novel design of reference optical simulator and physical calibration method for optical performance evaluation of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzer in order to substitute for traditional chemical method. The optical simulator is designed according to the working principle, and technical characteristics such as fluorescence peak height consistency among channels, linear sensitivity factor, fluorescence intensity repeatability, and linear correlation coefficient of fluorescence of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzer.The calibration results of 5 typical types of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzers show that the reference optical simulator presented in this article can well simulate different fluorescent dyes. The reference optical simulator can meet the requirements of fluorescent intensity calibration for real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzers with the advantages of good applicability, high convenience and accurate and reliable measurement results.
This article presents a novel design of reference light source and physical calibration method for optical performance evaluation of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers in order to substitute for traditional biological and biochemical methods. The reference light source is designed according to the working principle, and technical characteristics such as repeatability, stability, interference among wells, differences among channels and linearity of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers. The calibration results of 4 typical types of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers show that the reference light source and physical calibration method presented in this article can well simulate different chemiluminescence reagents and meet the requirements of luminous intensity calibration for chemiluminescence analyzers with the advantages of simple structure, good applicability, low cost and accurate and reliable measurement results.
This article presents a novel design of reference light source and physical calibration method for optical performance evaluation of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers in order to substitute for traditional biological and biochemical methods. The reference light source is designed according to the working principle, and technical characteristics such as repeatability, stability, interference among wells, differences among channels and linearity of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers. The calibration results of 4 typical types of micro-plate chemiluminescence analyzers show that the reference light source and physical calibration method presented in this article can well simulate different chemiluminescence reagents and meet the requirements of luminous intensity calibration for chemiluminescence analyzers with the advantages of simple structure, good applicability, low cost and accurate and reliable measurement results.
This article presents a novel design of reference optical simulator and physical calibration method for optical performance evaluation of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzer in order to substitute for traditional chemical method. The optical simulator is designed according to the working principle, and technical characteristics such as fluorescence peak height consistency among channels, linear sensitivity factor, fluorescence intensity repeatability, and linear correlation coefficient of fluorescence of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzer.The calibration results of 5 typical types of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzers show that the reference optical simulator presented in this article can well simulate different fluorescent dyes. The reference optical simulator can meet the requirements of fluorescent intensity calibration for real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzers with the advantages of good applicability, high convenience and accurate and reliable measurement results.
Ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device is widely used in medical institutions. “penetration depth”, “resolution”, “dead zone” and “geometric position accuracy” are the key technical parameters to evaluate the metrological performance of the device. However, until now no national or local metrological specifications applicable to ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device has been issued in China, and the corresponding traceability system of the device has not been established either. The novel calibration procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic devices widely used in China, and the experimental results show that the calibration method presented in this article can be adopted for the periodic calibration of ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the device.
Ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device is widely used in medical institutions. “penetration depth”, “resolution”, “dead zone” and “geometric position accuracy” are the key technical parameters to evaluate the metrological performance of the device. However, until now no national or local metrological specifications applicable to ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device has been issued in China, and the corresponding traceability system of the device has not been established either. The novel calibration procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic devices widely used in China, and the experimental results show that the calibration method presented in this article can be adopted for the periodic calibration of ophthalmic ultrasonic B-mode diagnostic device, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the device.
3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment is widely used in medical institutions. “volume reconstruction” and “slice thickness” are the key technical parameters to evaluate the metrological performance of the equipment. However, until now no national or local metrological specifications applicable to 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment have been issued in China, and the corresponding traceability system of the equipment has not been established either. The novel calibration procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment widely used in China. The experimental results show that the calibration method presented in this article can be adopted for the periodic calibration of 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the equipment.
3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment is widely used in medical institutions. “volume reconstruction” and “slice thickness” are the key technical parameters to evaluate the metrological performance of the equipment. However, until now no national or local metrological specifications applicable to 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment have been issued in China, and the corresponding traceability system of the equipment has not been established either. The novel calibration procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment widely used in China. The experimental results show that the calibration method presented in this article can be adopted for the periodic calibration of 3D ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the equipment.
The article studies the key technical parameters such as "horizontal position deviation", "distance-counting error", "velocity measurement error", and "time-counting error" of intelligent service terminal of cruising taxi, and determines the appropriate standards for the calibration of the parameters The novel calibration procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of intelligent service terminals of cruising taxis widely used in China. The experimental and the uncertainty analysis results show that the calibration method presented in this article can be adopted for the periodic calibration of the intelligent service terminal of cruising taxi, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the instrument.
As the key equipment for grading and evaluating the non-combustibility performance of building materials, noncombustibility test device of building materials is widely used in construction industry for performance experiment and quality inspection of building materials. In order to prevent fire effectively, the requirements for the non-combustibility performance of building materials is higher and higher, hence more and more attention is paid to the noncombustibility performance test of building materials. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results of non-combustibility test device of building materials, it is necessary to establish its metrological traceability system. However, till now, no national or local calibration specification for non-combustibility test device of building materials has been issued in China. This article presents a calibration method of “temperature indication error”, “furnace wall temperature” and “furnace temperature” for non-combustibility test device of building materials, and the feasibility has been proven by uncertainty analysis results.
This article presents a novel design of calibration method for purge and gas chromatograph - cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer, basing on the working principle and essential measurement characteristics of the instrument. Measurement linear error, detection limit, qualitative repeatability and quantitative repeatability are determined as the main measurement calibration indexes according to this calibration method. The results show that the method is scientific, reasonable and applicable, and can be used to evaluate the measurement performance of purge and gas chromatograph - cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer. This article can also be a reference for colleagues in measurement industry as well as the users of the instrument.
The non-combustibility test furnace of building materials is the key equipment for grading and evaluating the flame retardant performance of building materials. It is widely used in the performance test and quality inspection of building materials. With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, urban construction is booming nowadays. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of fire accidents, the requirements of flame retardant performance of building materials are higher and higher. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results of the noncombustibility test furnace of building materials, it is necessary to evaluate the metrological traceability of the device. Therefore, basing on preparing the national calibration Specification Calibration Specification for Non-Combustible Test Device of Building Materials as well as by studying the related national and foreign standards, the author of this article has developed a set of calibration device for non-combustibility test furnace of building materials by analyzing the main metrological technical parameters of the furnace. The test results and application feedback have proved that the calibration device can dynamically calibrate the key metrological technical parameters of the furnace, such as temperature indication error, furnace wall temperature, furnace temperature, furnace temperature rise and furnace stabilization. The temperature measurement range of the calibration device for non-combustibility test furnace is (650 ~ 850)°C with the maximum permissive error of ±2.8°C.
Radio frequency ablation instrument is a kind of surgical equipment widely used in medical institutions, and output power is one of the most important technical parameters of this instrument. However, until now, there is no corresponding verification regulation or calibration specification for the validation of metrological traceability and performance reliability of such instruments. By analyzing the measurement principle of quality analyzer for electrosurgical generator and the output power range of radio frequency ablation instrument, this article presents a solution, which is to test the output power of radio frequency ablation instrument according to JJF 1217-2009 Calibration Specification for Electrosurgical Generator, and the feasibility of the design is evaluated as well bycomparing the test results with the data acquired by following measurement procedure recommended by industry standards to confirm the feasibility of the novel design.
Radio frequency ablation instrument is a kind of surgical equipment widely used in medical institutions, and output power is one of the most important technical parameters of this instrument. However, until now, there is no corresponding verification regulation or calibration specification for the validation of metrological traceability and performance reliability of such instruments. By analyzing the measurement principle of quality analyzer for electrosurgical generator and the output power range of radio frequency ablation instrument, this article presents a solution, which is to test the output power of radio frequency ablation instrument according to JJF 1217-2009 Calibration Specification for Electrosurgical Generator, and the feasibility of the design is evaluated as well bycomparing the test results with the data acquired by following measurement procedure recommended by industry standards to confirm the feasibility of the novel design.
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