CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) is a project for the next generation of the ground-based gamma-ray observatory. CTA will cover a wide energy range, 20 GeV and 300 TeV, by 3 types of the telescopes whose diameters are different. The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the CTA are designed to cover the lowest energy range. We are working on mirrors for 4 LSTs which will be built at La Palma, Spain. The parabolic primary mirror of CTA-LST is 23 m diameter and its focal length is 28 m. The primary mirror consists of 198 segmented mirrors. Total effective reflective area is about 370 m2. Each mirror has a hexagonal shape of 1.51 m side-by-side size. It has a sandwich structure which consists of aluminum honeycomb (60 mm thickness) and two glass surfaces (2.7 mm) and the total weight is about 47 kg. We used a sputtering deposition technique to coat in the surface with 5 layer. The coated layers protect the surface for long operation such as 10 years at outside with a reflectance degradation of less than 1 % a year. The reflectance of the mirror reaches about 92 % at 400 nm and its resolution is 0.5 mrad in diameter that contains the 80 % light reflected by the mirror. The production technique based on cold slumping gave us the stable its production. We report on the design of the segment mirror and the production of about 950 hexagonal 2 m2 mirrors to achieve the parabolic shape of the optical system for 4 LSTs.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array1 (CTA) is the next-generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy gamma rays. The CTA consists of three types of telescopes with different mirror areas to cover a wide energy range (20 GeV–300 TeV) with an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than the predecessors. Among those telescopes, the Large-Sized Telescope (LST) is designed to detect low-energy gamma rays between 20 GeV and a few TeV with a 23 m diameter mirror. To make the most of such a large light collection area (about 400 m2), the focal plane camera must detect as much reflected Cherenkov light as possible. We have developed each camera component to meet the CTA performance requirements for more than ten years and performed quality-control tests before installing the camera to the telescope.2, 3 The first LST (LST-1) was inaugurated in October 2018 in La Palma, Spain (Figure 1).4 After the inauguration, various calibration tests were performed to adjust hardware parameters and verify the camera performance. In parallel, we have been developing the analysis software to extract physical parameters from low-level data, taking into account some intrinsic characteristics of the switched capacitor arrays, Domino Ring Sampler version 4 (DRS4), used for sampling the waveform of a Cherenkov signal. In this contribution, we describe the hard- ware design of the LST camera in Section 2, a procedure for low-level calibration in Section 3, and the readout e of the LST camera after the hardware calibration with a dedicated analysis chain in Section 4.
Y. Inome, G. Ambrosi, Y. Awane, H. Baba, A. Bamba, M. Barceló, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Barrio, O. Blanch Bigas, J. Boix, L. Brunetti, E. Carmona, E. Chabanne, M. Chikawa, N. Cho, P. Colin, J. Contreras, J. Cortina, F. Dazzi, A. Deangelis, G. Deleglise, C. Delgado, C. Díaz, F. Dubois, A. Fiasson, D. Fink, N. Fouque, L. Freixas, C. Fruck, A. Gadola, R. García, D. Gascón, N. Geffroy, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, F. Grañena, S. Gunji, R. Hagiwara, N. Hamer, Y. Hanabata, T. Hassan, K. Hatanaka, T. Haubold, M. Hayashida, R. Hermel, D. Herranz, K. Hirotani, J. Hose, D. Hugh, S. Inoue, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, C. Jablonski, M. Kagaya, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, H. Kellermann, T. Kishimoto, M. Knoetig, K. Kodani, K. Kohri, T. Kojima, Y. Konno, S. Koyama, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, G. Lamanna, T. Le Flour, M. López-Moya, R. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, A. Manalaysay, M. Mariotti, G. Martínez, M. Martinez, S. Masuda, S. Matsuoka, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan, I. Monteiro, A. Moralejo, K. Murase, S. Nagataki, T. Nagayoshi, D. Nakajima, T. Nakamori, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, A. Nozato, M. Ogino, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, H. Ohoka, A. Okumura, S. Ono, R. Orito, J. Panazol, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. Paredes, G. Pauletta, S. Podkladkin, J. Prast, R. Rando, O. Reimann, M. Ribó, S. Rosier-Lees, K. Saito, T. Saito, Y. Saito, N. Sakaki, R. Sakonaka, A. Sanuy, M. Sawada, V. Scalzotto, S. Schultz, T. Schweizer, T. Shibata, S. Shu, J. Sieiro, V. Stamatescu, S. Steiner, U. Straumann, R. Sugawara, H. Tajima, H. Takami, M. Takahashi, S. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, L. Tejedor, Y. Terada, M. Teshima, Y. Tomono, T. Totani, T. Toyama, Y. Tsubone, Y. Tsuchiya, S. Tsujimoto, H. Ueno, K. Umehara, Y. Umetsu, A. Vollhardt, R. Wagner, H. Wetteskind, T. Yamamoto, R. Yamazaki, A. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi
The Large Size Telescopes, LSTs, located at the center of the Cherenkov Telescope Array, CTA, will be sensitive
for low energy gamma-rays. The camera on the LST focal plane is optimized to detect low energy events based
on a high photon detection efficiency and high speed electronics. Also the trigger system is designed to detect
low energy showers as much as possible. In addition, the camera is required to work stably without maintenance
in a few tens of years. In this contribution we present the design of the camera for the first LST and the status
of its development and production.
G. Ambrosi, Y. Awane, H. Baba, A. Bamba, M. Barceló, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Barrio, O. Blanch Bigas, J. Boix, L. Brunetti, E. Carmona, E. Chabanne, M. Chikawa, R. Colin, J. Cortina, J. Contreras, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. Deleglise, C. Delgado, C. Díaz, A. Fiasson, D. Fink, N. Fouque, L. Freixas, C. Fruck, A. Gadola, R. García, D. Gascon, N. Geffroy, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, F. Grañena, S. Gunji, R. Hagiwara, N. Hamer, Y. Hanabata, T. Hassan, K. Hatanaka, K. Hirotani, S. Inoue, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, C. Jablonski, M. Kagaya, H. Katagiri, T. Kishimoto, K. Kodani, K. Kohri, Y. Konno, S. Koyama, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, G. Lamanna, T. Le Flour, E. Lorenz, R. López, M. López-Moya, P. Majumdar, A. Manalaysay, M. Mariotti, G. Martínez, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, J. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan, I. Monteiro, A. Moralejo, K. Murase, S. Nagataki, D. Nakajima, T. Nakamori, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, A. Nozato, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, H. Ohoka, A. Okumura, R. Orito, J. Panazol, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. Paredes, G. Pauletta, S. Podkladkin, J. Prast, R. Rando, O. Reimann, M. Ribó, S. Rosier-Lees, K. Saito, T. Saito, Y. Saito, N. Sakaki, R. Sakonaka, A. Sanuy, H. Sasaki, M. Sawada, V. Scalzotto, S. Schultz, T. Schweizer, T. Shibata, S. Shu, J. Sieiro, V. Stamatescu, S. Steiner, U. Straumann, R. Sugawara, H. Tajima, H. Takami, S. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, L. Tejedor, Y. Terada, M. Teshima, T. Totani, H. Ueno, K. Umehara, A. Vollhardt, R. Wagner, H. Wetteskind, T. Yamamoto, R. Yamazaki, A. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project aims to implement the world’s largest next generation of Very High Energy gamma-ray Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes devoted to the observation from a few tens of GeV to more than 100 TeV. To view the whole sky, two CTA sites are foreseen, one for each hemisphere. The sensitivity at the lowest energy range will be dominated by four Large Size Telescopes, LSTs, located at the center of each array and designed to achieve observations of high red-shift objects with the threshold energy of 20 GeV. The LST is optimized also for transient low energy sources, such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), which require fast repositioning of the telescope. The overall design and the development status of the first LST telescope will be discussed.
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