Localized surface plasmon was formed with plasmonic nanohole arrays for measurement of the Raman spectrum in polystyrene beads. For the selective acquisition of enhanced Raman signals, we used the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system employing particle manipulation within the electrode chip. This integration involves the amalgamation of metal nanostructures and microelectrodes to assess the electrophysiological characteristics of microparticles. The manipulation of particle movement, contingent upon their electrical properties such as conductivity and permittivity, can be controlled through modulation of the frequency of the applied alternating current field. In our integrated system, Raman spectroscopy can be conducted with enhanced intensity. Real-time measurement of enhanced Raman scattering is achieved by controlling the direction of force exerted on single particle and selectively trapping it on the nanostructured surfaces.
Delivery of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to retinal ganglion cells is gaining attention as a therapeutic and diagnostic approach for retinal diseases. However, intravitreal injection of AuNPs is invasive and thus is not optimal. Focused ultrasound with microbubbles (FUS) is a non-invasive method for systemic delivery of viral vectors to retinal Müller glia; however, whether metallic nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes can be delivered via FUS remains unknown. Here, we report FUS-assisted delivery of AuNPs of varying shapes and sizes to retinal ganglion cells. FUS can also deliver dextran (70kDa) to the retinal layer, especially the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer cells. Two-photon microscopic imaging of AuNPs injected into the retinal ganglion cell layer confirms that spherical- and rod-shaped AuNPs with maximum dimensions <80nm are effectively delivered without damage. The amount of detected AuNPs varies with size. Spherical nanoparticles of small diameter (10nm) are ~20-fold more abundant than larger nanoparticles (55nm). Our findings provide a novel approach for delivering nanometer-sized metallic and organic nanomaterials without damaging retinal tissue
When a microparticle is exposed to an alternating current (AC) electric field, the polarized particle is moved by the interaction between the dipoles and the AC electric field under dielectrophoresis (DEP). The DEP force is widely used for manipulation of microparticles in diverse practical applications such as 3D manipulation, sorting, transfer, and separation of various particles such as living cells. In this study, we propose integration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), an extremely sensitive and versatile technique based on Raman scattering of molecules supported by nanostructured materials, with DEP using a microfluidic device, i.e., the microfluidic device combines metal nanostructures and microelectrodes to characterize electrophysiological and biochemical properties of biological cells. The movement of particles, which varies depending on the electrical properties such as conductivity and permittivity of particles, can be manipulated by the cross-frequency change, which is one of the DEP properties. Raman spectroscopy using this DEP-SERS integrated system can be performed with an improved signal-to-noise ratio by determining the direction of the DEP force applied to the cells with respect to the applied AC power and collecting them on the nanostructure.
This study investigates that the light source can be transmitted deeper for photodynamic treatment of deep locations using the biological correlations of Focused Ultrasound and tissue. we used the phenomenon that Focused Ultrasound induced changes in tissue structure. Ultrasound interacts with tissue through both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms and generates a variety of biological effects. We measured 1. Monte Carlo Simulation to measurement of the relationship between the constitutional deformation of the tissue and the transmittance of the light source 2. Measurement of the effect of the scattering coefficient. 3. Measurement of biological tissue by constitution modification with biological characteristics of ultrasound. a chest tissue phantom was sampled, and a system was developed with FUS and Laser. In conclusion, we could detect the possibility that the light source could penetrate deeper into the region of the tissue after the FUS was irradiated.
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