Prof. Klaus Meerholz Profile

Prof. Klaus Meerholz

Professor at Univ zu Köln

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (42)

Proceedings Article | 1 October 2023 Poster + Paper

Photo electromotive force induced by running fringes for determination of ion mobility in perovskite semiconductors

A. K. Vega Salgado, N. Korneev, R. Valencia Yescas, I. Cosme, S. Mansurova, K. Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 12660, 1266009 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676812

KEYWORDS: Ions, Spatial frequencies, Perovskite, Electrical conductivity, Semiconductors, Frequency response, Diffusion, Electrons, Dielectric relaxation, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Presentation

Understanding the role of titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface chemistry on the nucleation and energetics of hybrid perovskite films (Conference Presentation)

R. Clayton Shallcross, Selina Olthof, Klaus Meerholz, Neal Armstrong

Proceedings Volume 10363, 103631I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274524

KEYWORDS: Interfaces, Chemistry, Photoemission spectroscopy, Thin films, Natural surfaces, Control systems, Titanium, Self-assembled monolayers, Thin film devices, Ions

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We demonstrate how amino-terminated silane monolayers alter the chemical and energetic composition of the TiO2 surface, which controls the interfacial nucleation, growth and energetics of device-relevant, hybrid perovskite (PVSK) thin films. The surface chemistry and energetics of compact TiO2 thin films are modified with a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer that can either weakly coordinate Pb2+ ions (–NH2/free base form) or act as a surrogate organic cation (–NH3+/acid form) at the TiO2/PVSK interface, providing for significant differences in the nucleation free energy for the PVSK active layer as a function of NH3+/NH2 ratio. XPS spectra of amine-modified TiO2 surfaces (N 1s core level) demonstrate that we can achieve NH3+/NH2 ratios of between 3:1 and 1:3 depending upon subsequent acid and base treatment, respectively. Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) films are incrementally co-evaporated on TiO2, TiO2/APTES-NH3+ and TiO2/APTES-NH2 interfaces, and the chemical composition, growth dynamics and energetics are systematically investigated using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The XPS and UPS results reveal that initial nucleation and subsequent growth of the MAPbI3 PVSK film strongly depends on the chemical functionality of the TiO2 surface. The evaporated films display island-like growth on the bare TiO2 surface, which hinders nucleation of the PVSK phase until ca. 15 nm of precursor material is deposited. Conversely, film growth is more layer-by-layer on the amine-modified TiO2 interfaces, which promote nucleation of the PVSK phase within the first ca. 5 nm of deposition. In addition to vacuum evaporated thin films, we show how these TiO2 surface modifications control the morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed PVSK films based on formamidinium and methylammonium organic cations. These studies elucidate the role of TiO2 surface chemistry on the formation mechanism of hybrid PVSK active layers and the interfacial and bulk energetics, which have significant consequences related to the processing and operation of next-generation optoelectronic device platforms.

Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Presentation

Pushing the lifetime of perovskite solar cell beyond 4500 h by the use of impermeable tin oxide electron extraction layers (Conference Presentation)

Kai Oliver Brinkmann, Jie Zhao, Ting Hu, Tim Becker, Neda Pourdavoud, Selina Olthof, Klaus Meerholz, Lukas Hoffmann, Tobias Gahlmann, Ralf Heiderhoff, Marek Oszajca, Detlef Rogalla, Norman Lüchinger, Yiwang Chen, Baochang Cheng, Thomas Riedl

Proceedings Volume 10363, 1036311 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272795

KEYWORDS: Metals, Solar cells, Oxides, Electrodes, Tin, Atomic layer deposition, Ozone, Corrosion, Chemical species, Silver

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2016 Presentation

Enhanced organic memory devices (OMEM) with a photochromic perhydro DTE as a transduction layer (Conference Presentation)

Sandra Cordes, Darius Kranz, Eduard Maibach, Maxim Kempf, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 9939, 99390M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236297

KEYWORDS: Manufacturing, Molecules, Chemical elements, Data storage, Control systems, Diodes, Yield improvement, Indium, Organic materials, Current controlled current source

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2011 Open Access

Optimized solution-processed merocyanine:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction solar cell

Nils Kronenberg, Hannah Bürckstümmer, Manuela Deppisch, Frank Würthner, Klaus Meerholz

JPE, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 011101, (January 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3528043

KEYWORDS: Solar cells, External quantum efficiency, Polymers, Molecules, Heterojunctions, Absorption, Measurement devices, Dielectrics, Organic photovoltaics, Electrodes

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2010 Paper

Characterization of the ambipolar transport properties of polymer-based organic photoconductor by non-steady-state photo-EMF technique

A. Sanchez Juarez, K. Aleman, M. Espinosa, A. Kosarev, S. Mansurova, S. Koeber, K. Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 7750, 77501V (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873115

KEYWORDS: Photoresistors, Diffusion, Modulation, Polymers, Organic semiconductors, Electron transport, Solar cells, Organic light emitting diodes, Field effect transistors, Optoelectronic devices

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2010 Paper

Influence of polymer:sensitizer ratio on photoelectric properties of organic composite photoconductor

K. Aleman, A. Sanchez Juarez, A. Kosarev, S. Mansurova, S. Koeber, K. Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 7750, 77501W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876387

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Electrons, Modulation, Composites, Quantum efficiency, Photoresistors, Diffusion, Solar cells, Solids, Glasses

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The results on characterization of the main photoelectric properties of the polymer:fulleren based composite material by using the non-steady-state photo-electromotive force (p-EMF) and modulated photocurrent technique are presented. By measuring this current under different experimental conditions, important material photoelectric parameters such as drift L₀ and diffusion length L_D, photocarrier's lifetime τ ; quantum efficiency of charge generation φ can be determined. The 50% of the composite weight consists of a mixture of the hole-conducting polymer PF6:TPD (poly-hexyle-triophene:N,N'-bis(4-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis-(phenyl)-benzidine) sensitized with the highly soluble C₆₀ derivative PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) . Seven samples with varied polymer:sensitizer weight ratio (49:1wt.-%, 45:5wt.-%, 40:10wt.-%, 15:35wt.-%, 25:25wt.-%, 10:40wt.-%, 5:45wt.-%) where prepared. The remaining 50% were two azo-dyes 2,5-dimethyl-(4-p-nitrophenylazo)-anisole (DMNPAA) and 3- methoxy-(4-p-nitrophenylazo)-anisole (MNPAA) (25wt.-% each). Photoconductive composite film was sandwiched between two glass plates covered by transparent ITO electrodes. Two counter-propagating beams derived from a cw HeNe laser (λ = 633nm) intersected inside the detector creating an interference pattern. The output photo-EMF current (SEE MANUSCRIPT FOR EQUATION) was detected as a voltage drop by a lock-in amplifier. At polymer sensitizer ratio 25:25wt.-% the signal sign changes to the opposite revealing that the majority carriers at this and higher concentration of sensitizer are electrons. Our results show that the majority carrier's lifetime τ is only slightly affected by the variations of sensitizer concentration. Mobility-lifetime product μ_hτ_h of holes, on its turn decreases at the increasing sensitizer concentration, while μ_eτ_e of electrons keeps increasing. All this indicates that the carrier's mobility is strongly influenced by the changes on sensitizer concentrations.

Proceedings Article | 19 May 2010 Paper

Measuring the dipole orientation in OLEDs

Michael Flämmich, Stephan Roth, Norbert Danz, Dirk Michaelis, Andreas Bräuer, Malte Gather, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 7722, 77220D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853866

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Polymers, Electroluminescence, Refractive index, Interfaces, Polarization, OLED lighting, Optical properties, Glasses, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2010 Paper

Measuring the internal luminescence quantum efficiency of OLED emitter materials in electrical operation

Michael Flämmich, Norbert Danz, Dirk Michaelis, Christoph Wächter, Andreas Bräuer, Malte Gather, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 7617, 761715 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842114

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Luminescence, Quantum efficiency, Refractive index, Internal quantum efficiency, Optical properties, Polymers, Optical simulations, External quantum efficiency, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 13 February 2008 Paper

Intrinsic OLED emitter properties and their effect on device performance

Christoph Wächter, Norbert Danz, Dirk Michaelis, Michael Flämmich, Sergey Kudaev, Andreas Bräuer, Malte Gather, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 6910, 691006 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.769123

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Refractive index, RGB color model, Polymers, Light emitting diodes, Data modeling, Ions, Interfaces, Optical properties, Lamps

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Proceedings Article | 6 October 2006 Paper

Detection of vibrations in the audio range using photorefractive polymers

S. Mansurova, M. Espinosa, P. Rodriguez, M. Gather, K. Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 6335, 63350C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681104

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Polymers, Spatial frequencies, Signal detection, Photorefractive polymers, Modulation, Crystals, Electrodes, Dielectric relaxation, Composites

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2005 Paper

Detailed study of the decay mechanism in polymeric OLEDs

Jörg-Bernd Bonekamp, Adam Moulé, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 5937, 593713 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620517

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Photography, Photovoltaics, Polymers, Electrodes, Lead, Barium, Silver, Measurement devices, Time metrology

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 2005 Paper

The effect of active layer thickness on the efficiency of polymer solar cells

Adam Moulé, Jörg Bonekamp, Alexander Ruhl, Heike Klesper, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 5938, 593808 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620452

KEYWORDS: Solar cells, Polymers, Photovoltaics, Electrodes, Glasses, Quantum efficiency, Heterojunctions, Absorption, Aluminum, Active optics

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2005 Paper

Impact of pre-illumination in PVK-based photorefractive polymers for holographic imaging applications

Michael Salvador, Sebastian Köber, Malte Gather, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 5939, 593907 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.626339

KEYWORDS: Holography, Light sources, Semiconductor lasers, Near infrared, Polymers, Continuous wave operation, Composites, Femtosecond phenomena, Photons, Mode locking

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2004 Paper

LiNbO₃ nanoparticles as sensitizer in photorefractive polymer composites

Ewa Sliwinska, Ulrich Hartwig, Karsten Buse, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 5521, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.563692

KEYWORDS: Composites, Nanoparticles, Nanocrystals, Diffraction, Polymers, Photorefractive polymers, Lithium niobate, Chromophores, Solids, Four wave mixing

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2004 Paper

Multicolor polymeric OLEDs by solution processing

C. David Muller, Nina Reckefuss, Paula Rudati, Klaus Meerholz, Heinrich Becker, Aurelie Falcou, Susanne Heun, Juergen Steiger, Markus Rojahn, Valorie Wiederhirn, Oskar Nuyken

Proceedings Volume 5214, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.507076

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Bromine, Electroluminescence, Organic light emitting diodes, RGB color model, Printing, Optical lithography, Photoresist materials, Manufacturing, Polymerization

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Proceedings Article | 8 December 2003 Paper

Photophysical and redox chemical NIR sensitivity enhancement in photorefractive polymer composites

Erwin Mecher, Francisco Gallego-Gomez, Klaus Meerholz, Hartwig Tillmann, Hans-Heinrich Horhold, Jan Hummelen

Proceedings Volume 5216, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.513617

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Composites, Near infrared, Holography, Holograms, Photons, Doping, Chromophores, Optical coherence tomography, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2003 Paper

Optimization of organic semiconductor devices by anode modification

Holger Frohne, David Muller, Nina Reckefuss, Paula Rudati, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 4800, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451856

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Photovoltaics, Solids, Electrodes, Polymers, Metals, Organic semiconductors, Calcium, Aluminum, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 5 November 2002 Paper

Dynamics of organic holographic materials

Christer Svanberg, Dirk Apitz, Francisco Gallego-Gomez, Kim Jespersen, Klaus Meerholz, Per Johansen

Proceedings Volume 4802, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456003

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Ellipsometry, Polymers, Holographic materials, Temperature metrology, Glasses, Refractive index, Lithium, Prisms, Photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2002 Paper

Progress in read-write fast-access volume holographic data storage

Geoffrey Burr, Erwin Mecher, Thorsten Juchem, Hans Coufal, C. Michael Jefferson, Mark Jurich, Francisco Gallego, Klaus Meerholz, Norbert Hampp, John Hoffnagle, Roger Macfarlane, Robert Shelby

Proceedings Volume 4459, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454035

KEYWORDS: Holograms, Holography, Data storage, Phase conjugation, Spatial light modulators, Crystals, Multiplexing, Volume holography, Lithium niobate, Detector arrays

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Proceedings Article | 16 January 2002 Paper

Photorefractive polymer composites based on poly(4-vinylpyridine)

Erwin Mecher, Reinhard Bittner, Christoph Braeuchle, Klaus Meerholz, A. Zelichenok, M. Wender, E. Vaganova, S. Yitzchaik

Proceedings Volume 4462, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452738

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Composites, Polymers, Photorefractive polymers, Electro optics, Modulation, Absorption, Diffraction, Yield improvement, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 16 January 2002 Paper

Investigation of reflectance gratings in PVK-based photorefractive polymers by photo-EMF and self-diffraction techniques

Serguei Stepanov, Ruben Ramos-Garcia, V. Camacho-Pernas, Svetlana Mansurova, Reinhard Bittner, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 4462, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452731

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Diffusion, Modulation, Photorefractive polymers, Crystals, Polymer thin films, Phase shift keying, Chromophores, Reflectivity, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 16 January 2002 Paper

Photoconductivity and charge-carrier photogeneration in photorefractive polymers

Thomas Daeubler, Lazar Kulikovsky, Dieter Neher, Vera Cimrova, Jan Hummelen, Erwin Mecher, Reinhard Bittner, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 4462, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452736

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optical modeling, Performance modeling, Polymers, Absorption, Molecules, Photorefractive polymers, Data modeling, Glasses, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 23 April 2001 Paper

Combinatorial optimization of polymeric anodes for use in organic light-emitting diodes

Markus Gross, David Mueller, Thomas Braig, Oskar Nuyken, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 4281, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.424752

KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Polymers, Electrodes, Electroluminescence, Doping, Telescopic pixel displays, Calcium, Electrons, Semiconductors, Organic semiconductors

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Proceedings Article | 13 November 2000 Paper

Toward morphologically stable photorefractive composites: a comparative study of ATOP/PVK-based materials

Erwin Mecher, Francisco Gallego-Gomez, Christoph Braeuchle, Klaus Meerholz, Ruediger Wortmann, Sheng Yao, A. Sautter, Frank Wuerthner

Proceedings Volume 4104, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.406476

KEYWORDS: Composites, Chromophores, Absorption, Modulation, Polymers, Diffraction, Crystals, Glasses, Solids, Molecules

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 1999 Paper

Systematic study on the optimization of the first hyperpolarizabilities of methine dyes

Christian Ritzel, Elmar Schmaelzlin, Christoph Braeuchle, Klaus Meerholz, Alexander Roessler, Christian Ernst, Juergen Wichern, Peter Boldt

Proceedings Volume 3796, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.368276

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Polymethylmethacrylate, Absorption, Nitrogen, Carbon, Polymers, Refractive index, Electro optics, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1999 Paper

High-Tg multifunctional photorefractive polymer

Erik Hattemer, Rudolf Zentel, Erwin Mecher, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 3799, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363898

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Holography, Diffraction gratings, Photorefractive polymers, Diffraction, Composites, Four wave mixing, Absorption, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1999 Paper

Non-steady-state photo-EMF effect in photorefractive polymers

Reinhard Bittner, Serguei Stepanov, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 3799, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363884

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Interfaces, Modulation, Photorefractive polymers, Holography, Polymer thin films, Reflection, Crystals, Photoresistors, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1999 Paper

Long-term performance studies in a photorefractive polymer composite

Erwin Mecher, Francisco Gallego-Gomez, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 3799, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363890

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Composites, Photorefractive polymers, Holography, Modulation, Polymers, Refractive index, Glasses, Chromophores, Optical damage

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1998 Paper

Synthesis and characterization of mixed oligoheterocycles based on end-capped oligothiophenes suited for LED applications

Peter Baeuerle, Ullrich Mitschke, E. Mena-Osteritz, M. Sokolowski, David Mueller, Markus Gross, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 3476, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.332636

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Light emitting diodes, Luminescence, Quantum efficiency, Organic light emitting diodes, Chemical species, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Optical testing, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 23 October 1998 Paper

Highly birefringent neutrocyanine dyes for photorefractive polymers

Ruediger Wortmann, Frank Wuerthner, A. Sautter, Katarzyna Lukaszuk, R. Matschiner, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 3471, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328173

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Absorption, Polarizability, Polymers, Electro optics, Electro optical modeling, Nonlinear optics, Photorefractive polymers, Refractive index, Anisotropy

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Proceedings Article | 23 October 1998 Paper

Improved index modulation and stability of photorefractive polymers using merocyanine dyes

Klaus Meerholz, Reinhard Bittner, Yessica De Nardin, Christoph Braeuchle, Ruediger Wortmann, Frank Wuerthner

Proceedings Volume 3471, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328175

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Absorption, Composites, Diffraction, Solids, Modulation, Photorefractive polymers, Holography, Polymers, Information operations

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 1998 Paper

Optically addressed spatial light modulator based on bacteriorhodopsin

Christian Ritzel, Klaus Meerholz, Christoph Bräuchle, Dieter Oesterhelt

Proceedings Volume 3475, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.326908

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Optically addressed spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Phase modulation, Dielectric mirrors, Switching, Switches, Prototyping, Glasses, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 13 October 1997 Paper

Periarylated acenes: from one-dimensional to novel multidimensional NLO phores

Walter Grahn, A. Bahl, Stephan Link, Stefan Stadler, Roland Dietrich, Klaus Meerholz, Christoph Braeuchle

Proceedings Volume 3147, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.284255

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Chromophores, Molecules, 3D modeling, Nonlinear optics, Systems modeling, Crystals, Nonlinear crystals, Argon

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1996 Paper

Use of high- nonlinear optical chromophores in photorefractive polymers

Klaus Meerholz, Reinhard Bittner, Christoph Braeuchle, Peter Boldt, T. Kirchberger, Juergen Wichern

Proceedings Volume 2852, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256161

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Composites, Absorption, Polymers, Photorefractive polymers, Holography, Modulation, Electro optics, Birefringence, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1996 Paper

Tricyanoquinodimethane-derived chromophores for second-order nonlinear optical polymers

Peter Boldt, Juergen Wichern, Stephan Zippel, Michael Doerr, Rudolf Zentel, Christoph Braeuchle, Roland Dietrich, Klaus Meerholz

Proceedings Volume 2852, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256159

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electro optics, Absorption, Second-harmonic generation, Harmonic generation, Polymerization, Optical testing, Photonic devices

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 1996 Paper

Improved long-term stability of high-performance photorefractive polymer devices

Klaus Meerholz, Reinhard Bittner, Christoph Braeuchle, Boris Volodin, Sandalphon, Bernard Kippelen, Nasser Peyghambarian

Proceedings Volume 2850, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.254235

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Composites, Chromophores, Modulation, Photorefractive polymers, Crystals, Solids, Diffraction, Absorption, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 1995 Paper

High-performance PVK-based photorefractive polymers

Klaus Meerholz, Boris Volodin, - Sandalphon, Bernard Kippelen, Nasser Peyghambarian

Proceedings Volume 2526, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.217310

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Photorefractive polymers, Chromophores, Holograms, Refractive index, Modulation, Diffraction, Composites, Holography, Absorption

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 1995

Highly efficient photorefractive polymers for dynamic holography

Boris Volodin, Sandalphon, Klaus Meerholz, Bernard Kippelen, Nickolai Kukhtarev, Nasser Peyghambarian

OE, Vol. 34, Issue 08, (August 1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.209459

KEYWORDS: Photorefractive polymers, Holography

Proceedings Article | 23 March 1995 Paper

Performance evaluation of a highly efficient photorefractive polymer

Boris Volodin, Klaus Meerholz, - Sandalphon, Bernard Kippelen, Nasser Peyghambarian

Proceedings Volume 2405, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205356

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Composites, Modulation, Photorefractive polymers, Diffraction, Holography, Nonlinear optics, Glasses, Refractive index, Holograms

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Complete Bragg diffraction and high two-beam coupling net gain in a photorefractive polymer

Boris Volodin, Klaus Meerholz, - Sandalphon, Nasser Peyghambarian

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187539

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Polymers, Refractive index, Modulation, Composites, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Absorption, Molecules, Diffraction gratings

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