During the last decade, meteorology domain has lived many breakthroughs. In the field of remote sensing from space, one of the most significant advancement is in the use of Thermal Infrared sounders. Thales Alenia Space delivered sounders flagship METOP/IASI, resulting in the enhancement of meteorological events forecast and unprecedented 3D atmospheric knowledge. The next generation of European geostationary meteorological satellites, Meteosat Third Generation is currently being realized through the well-established and successful Cooperation between EUMETSAT and ESA with Thales Alenia Space being overall MTG prime contractor. MTG encompasses two kinds of satellites: an imaging mission MTG-I with the FCI imaging payload derived from the MSG-SEVIRI with a payload complement of a lightning detection system (LI as the Lightning Imager) and a sounding mission MTG-S with the payload complement including the thermal infrared sounding payload IRS (full disc coverage) and the Copernicus payload UVN/S4, a spectrometer in UV/VIS/NIR bands to retrieve air quality in Europe. Stemming from IASI, Thales Alenia Space is now developing the IRS interferometer as well as the detection and onboard processing chain. These key elements will be integrated by OHB which is the IRS instrument as well as MTG-S satellite Prime Contractor. Reaching performance from a geostationary orbit is a two-order of magnitude more stringent challenge compared to a LEO instrument. Thales Alenia Space did elaborate new and innovative technology to ensure sub nanometric interferometer metrology and thus to achieve real time on-board corrections. Two essential validation milestones have been achieved in 2019. • The interferometer engineering model was thoroughly tested successfully, especially in terms of spectral performance vs. microvibrations. • Thales Alenia Space has also tested the IRS “core spectrometer” engineering model, allowing to test the full spectrometer chain of the instrument by synchronizing the interferometer itself with the two 160x160 pixel detector arrays of the detection chain and the on-board data processing unit that is able to process the 2Gbit/s raw data flow generated by the instrument. The paper will focus on the two major outcomes of this test campaign: • The demonstration of the functionality of IRS new 3D metrology system, its associated processing and its benefits. • An overview of performances achieved during those two intensive test campaigns. In particular Spectral Response Function (SRF) knowledge/prediction, which is essential to support an unprecedented interpretation of the spectra and final products retrieval accuracy.
Detectors used in imaging systems always generate optical reflections as the light is never completely absorbed. To estimate or measure the detector optical reflections permits to better manage the induced parasitic photonic signals (ghost and scattering) in imaging devices. We describe different methods to assess these detector reflections. Among them, a powerful test based on etalon effect in Focal Plan Array is detailed for measuring the reflection at different wavelengths even near the cut-off of the detector sensitivity. The physical effects in PV junctions that can explain the observed optical reflections are discussed.
The FLEX mission is defined to perform quantitative measurements of the solar induced vegetation fluorescence to monitor photosynthetic activity. The FLORIS payload is based on a spaceborne 3-channel grating spectrometer operating in the VNIR range.
The retrieval of the faint fluorescence signal from the acquired vegetation spectra is particularly sensitive to straylight.
As results, the straylight requirements on the FLORIS instrument are especially stringent.
For FLORIS a two-step straylight reduction process has been put in place by the Leonardo-Thales Alenia Space team to achieve this requirement. Careful instrument design and manufacturing are followed by digital processing of the raw instrument data.
In this paper we present the feasibility demonstration of the straylight digital correction process, based on simulation of the dedicated data processing and quantitative assessment of the residuals.
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