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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679002 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.775018
We are presenting a global scheme devoted to the management of very large databases of remote sensing images, with a specific attention to high resolution images. We show at first the specificities of indexing satellite images. Then we present the different stages of a global system, mostly based on textural feature detection and SVM classification, for indexing and retrieving parts of satellite images with given properties. We show the role of the semantic information extraction and we propose to experiment three different manners to introduce such a semantic information in the query system and to adapt the data to the user's demand.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679003 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749490
For multi-resolution land covering classification, many researches have focused on selecting and integrating appropriate
feature information from different spatial resolution data of the same area. However, when extending to large scale
problems, it is no surprise that low resolution data has worse performance, and high resolution data with wide coverage
area has more limitations. To solve this problem, a novel framework is presented which compounds multiple spatial
resolution data at arithmetic level without the limitation of full-scale multi-resolution data. The framework allows
integrating conditional random fields (CRFs) with "real" likelihood distribution. Discrete feature-likelihood mapping is
proposed to represent multi-to-single spatial correspondence. By considering spatial contextual information between
pixels, CRFs based classifier offers a robust and accurate framework. Our experiments show that the proposed method
can greatly improve the accuracy for large scale land covering classification applications.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679004 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747921
This paper describes a novel approach to multisensor image fusion using a new mathematical transform: the curvelet
transform. The transform has shown promising results over wavelet transform for 2-D signals. Wavelets, though well
suited to point singularities have limitation with orientation selectivity, and therefore, do not represent two-dimensional
singularities (e.g. smooth curves) effectively. Curvelet improves wavelet by incorporating a directional component. This
paper employs the curvelet transform for image fusion. Based on the local energy of direction curvelet subbands, we give
the definition of local band-limited contrast and use it as one of the fusion rules. The local band-limited contrast can
reflect the response of local image features in human visual system truly. When used to image fusion in noiseless
circumstance, it is effective. But in noisy circumstance, it is not always robust. According to the different characteristics
between image features and noise, the local directional energy entropy is proposed. It can distinguish the noise and local
image features. In this paper, the combination of local band-limited contrast and local directional energy entropy is used
as image fusion. Experimental results show that it is robust in noisy and noiseless image fusion system.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679005 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748672
In order to build a content-based cloud image retrieval system, a deformable circle model is proposed to represent cloud
shape. After a description of the model and shape decomposition process, a hierarchical similarity rule is presented. Then
comparative experiments with some conventional contented-based image retrieval methods are carried out, which leads
to a finding that the retrieval performance of our proposed method is superior to others.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679006 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749592
Remote sensing image registration is the key issue for change detection. To reduce the effects of misregistration on the
accuracy of change detection, a hybrid registration method is proposed in this paper. First, we use the registration
approach based on SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform) to get the initial parameters, and then area-based method is
employed to refine the performance of registration. In order to improve the efficiency of computation, the
multiresolution based coarse-to-fine strategy is adopted during the refined procedure. In contrast with feature-based or
area-based method, our hybrid method is accurate, robust and automated since it integrates the merits of both
approaches. The experiments on simulated and real images show the promising performance of the proposed method.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679007 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.739265
With the all-weather and day-night imaging capability, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in
inundation extent change detection. Inundation extent change detection using SAR will be easy as a result of the dark
image tones yielded by specular reflection. Change vector analysis (CVA) method, an effective change detection method,
is also a valuable inundation extent change detection method. In CVA method, change magnitude and change direction
can be generated separately, which can be used to determine change areas and change types. CVA method also has the
ability to process any number of spectral bands and to produce detailed change information. In this paper, CVA method
was applied to inundation extent change detection using multi-temporal multi-polarization ENVISAT ASAR alternative
polarization images acquired on 2004-08-29, 2004-12-12 and 2005-03-27. The test site is located in Poyang Lake
wetland, where land surface had different inundation extent when images were acquired. Firstly these 3 phases of images
were registered together. Then the change vectors were calculated using these images. After that change magnitude and
direction cosine images were produced. At last the change areas and the corresponding change type were extracted
separately using decision tree method. The result indicates that CVA method has potential utility in inundation extent
change detection.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679008 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.739790
Spatial data partitioning strategy plays an important role in GIS spatial data distributed storage and processing, its key
problem is how to partition spatial data to distributed nodes in network environment. Existing main spatial data
partitioning methods doesn't consider spatial locality and unstructured variable length characteristics of spatial data,
these methods simply partition spatial data based on one or more attributes value that could result in storage capacity
imbalance between distributed processing nodes. Aiming at these, we point out the two basic principles that spatial data
partitioning should meet to in this paper. We propose a new spatial data partitioning method based on hierarchical
decomposition method of low order Hilbert space-filling curve, which could avoid excessively intensive space
partitioning by hierarchically decomposing subspaces. The proposed method uses Hilbert curve to impose a linear
ordering on the multidimensional spatial objects, and partition the spatial objects according to this ordering.
Experimental results show the proposed spatial data partitioning method not only achieves better storage load balance
between distributed nodes, but also keeps well spatial locality of data objects after partitioning.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679009 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740541
By interpreting remote sensing images of Nanchang city in seven phases from 1976 to 2004, we get the profiles of the
main build-up area of Nanchang city in these phases. And then the compact ratio, Boyce-Clark shape index and fractal
dimension of each profile were calculated. Based on these, the conclusion is drawn that the spatial expansion of the main
build-up area of Nanchang city was turning discrete before 2000 and then became more and more compact. Besides, the
Nanchang City didn't have the fractal character as a whole in the past three decades, but it showed up when it refers to
certain areas, and the scale range varied as the evolvement of the spatial expansion. On the other hand, the value of the
fractal dimension was further and further away from the standard value before 2000 and then became close to that, which
appeared the similar trend with the change of the city compactness. It's indicated that the city is more and more
self-organized.
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Xuegang Chen, Zhaoping Yang, Yuhu Zhang, Qingsan Shi
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740920
Taking Urumqi as a case, a simulation of urban population spatial distribution is proposed based on urban land use and
population statistical data using GIS, and population spatial distribution patterns are analyzed by the raster population
surface. As a result, generating raster population spatial distribution surface is more accurate and natural than the
traditional choropleth map of population density in Urumqi. Concerning the population spatial distribution of Urumqi,
the population density declines from south to north and the population distribution mainly presents "T-type", the
population distribution presents polycentric agglomeration and the population distribution of the districts shows different
features. The population density varies significantly with the increase of the distance from CBD. Finally, this paper finds
that the development history of districts, terrain and traffic road are main factors influencing Urumqi's population
distribution. This paper tries to provide more accurate data of population distribution for the plan and management of
urban land, traffic and public facilities in order to enrich the researches of urban population distribution.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740945
Data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are being widely used for quantitatively
estimating parameters in the study of atmospheric and land surface processes. Cloud detection is a preliminarily
important step in remotely sensed image processing for many applications. In this article, an integrated method for
MODIS cloud detection based on band combinations within MODIS data itself was developed. Several MODIS data
were applied to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm and the results show that the new algorithm was satisfied
for quantitative cloud detection.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.741410
Open water SAR images frequently exhibit long dark or bright linear features, some of which are ship wakes, internal wave
or internal wave wakes of under water moving objects. The detection of these line features is very impotent in both civil
and military fields. Considering to the drawbacks of conventional Radon transform, this paper proposed a novel liner
feature detection method. It use the gliding window and firstly apply a Radon transform to the aim image, use a "mean
matrix" to normalize the aim image in the Radon domain, and then search for the peaks or troughs in an ellipse region
instead of the whole region. This algorithm is tested on a set of simulated SAR images of ship wakes. The results
demonstrate that this algorithm's robustness in the presence of noise, as well as its ability to detect and localize linear
features that are somewhat not so straight.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.741522
Grid GIS is the product combining grid and GIS theories and technologies. The Quadruple Geo-spatial Grids structure
model describes the Grid GIS as the structure interleaving technical layer and functional grid, which makes the grid
computing and new generation spatial data model a basis, as well as the spatial information network application and
service as a core. The article, based on the Quadruple Geo-spatial Grids structure model, conducts technologies such as
OGSA, Web service, middleware, Agent and GML, etc, and also presents a runtime structure of Grid GIS structure
unveiled the type, creation, operation and application mechanisms of spatial information grid service. The writer
established an experimental prototype system based on GT3 environment, and proved the rationality and feasibility of
the Quadruple Geo-spatial Grids structure.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.741703
Desertification is severely threatening the agricultural production and social stability in the 21st century. Traditionally,
desertification assessment is indicated by Vegetation Coverage (VC), which can be derived from remote sensing data.
However, vegetation indices are inefficient when VC is less than 15%. A simplified desertification monitoring approach
based on Kauth-Thomas Tasseled Cap Transformation (K-TTCT) is proposed in this paper: First, brightness, greenness
and wetness information was produced using landsat5 TM images by K-TTCT. The non density model was used for the
reversion of VC. And the brightness, greenness, wetness and VC were plotted in n-visualization. They plotted nearly in a
linear shape when the data was rotated to a certain view angle. Then their characteristics in n-D visualization were
analyzed and training samples were selected with the help of n-D visualizer. Finally, a case study was carried out in
Guyuan county, Heibei province, China using the approach proposed in this paper. It shows that this approach can
overcome the deficiency of traditional desertification assessment approaches and produce a better desertification
assessment outputs with an overall accuracy higher than 85%.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.741769
This paper presents a method for feature extraction of high resolution remote sensing image which is based on the
statistical model of the marginal distribution of wavelet coefficients. First, the wavelet is used to transform high
resolution remote sensing images into frequent domain. Then, Generalized Gaussian density(GGD) is used to accurately
model the marginal distribution of wavelet subband coefficients (wavelet coefficients histogram) followed by the
establishment of the remote sensing image texture feature vector. Finally, the Kullback Leibler distance (KLD) is
computed between the texture feature vectors as similarity measurement(SM), and the output is ordered by the result of
the SM. Experimental results show that this method is effective and efficient, and the image feature can be well
represented by this texture feature vector. The advantage of this method is that the SM step can be computed entirely on
the estimated model parameters, which has solid theoretic background, so that it can meet the requirements of the CBIR
application.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742231
Curvelet transform for image fusion can represent directional edges better than wavelet-based method, and can preserve
spectral information more effectively as well. The abilities of capturing texture characteristics of high-resolution images
and keeping color information of multispectral (MS) images make the fused images suitable to be classified for higher
classification accuracy. To test the effect of curvelet transform on images classification, this paper uses a tunable
HIS_Brovey method and curvelet-based method to fuse panchromatic (PAN) and MS IKONOS images respectively at
first; then classifies the original MS image and the two fused images, the same training sites of samples are selected
during the classification processing; and finally evaluates the classified images. The results show that original MS image,
the HIS-Brovey-based fused image and curvelet-based fused image have the overall classification accuracies of 79.80%,
82.83% and 86.87% respectively, among which the curvelet-based classified image obtains the highest accuracy, which
indicates that curvelet-based image fusion is more suitable for classification compared with the tunable
HIS-Brovey-based fusion method.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742465
In this paper, a technique for the extraction of roads in a high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is
presented. And a three-step method is developed for the extraction of road network from space borne SAR image: the
process of the feature points, road candidate detection and connection. Roads in a high resolution SAR image can be
modeled as a homogeneous dark area bounded by two parallel boundaries. Dark areas, which represent the candidate
positions for roads, are extracted from the image by a Gaussian probability iteration segmentation. Possible road
candidates are further processed using the morphological operators. And the roads are accurately detected by Hough
Transform, and the extraction of lines is achieved by searching the peak values in Hough Space. In this process, to detect
roads more accurately, post-processing, including noisy dark regions removal and false roads removal is performed. At
last, Road candidate connection is carried out hierarchically according to road established models. Finally, the main road
network is established from the SAR image successfully. As an example, using the ERS-2SAR image data, automatic
detection of main road network in Shanghai Pudong area is presented.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742559
Because of the special weather characteristic and the land surface properties, the field uniformity of the land surface in
the arid area causes that the oasis is the cold source in its surroundings. It is the typical cold-island effect in oasis. But
use the remote sensing means what to acquire is the land surface radiation temperature (brightness temperature).
Therefore, withdraw the technique method of temperature information of thermal field in ground from the remote
sensing and the research of the relation between the air temperatures with the brightness temperature, are important
contents in cold-island effect research by the means of the remote sensing. The traditional temperature measurement by
using the observation data from fixed stations can not reflect the land surface temperature correctly, so it is of great
significance to supply the parameter of the ecological model and the climate model to recognize the interaction between
the eco-system and the climate system .The remote sensing data have great capacity, strong objectivity and rich quantity.
It is not seen much to make use of the remote sensing data to retrieve the ecological factors of the oasis in the arid area.
This paper makes use of the thermal radiation recorded by the Band 6 of LANDSET TM/ETM in 1986, 1990, 1994,
1997, 1999, and 2002 to deal with the land surface temperature in Qitai oasis and dynamically analyze the distribution
characteristic and the influential factors of the surface temperature.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.743164
Soil moisture was very important for agricultural, meteorological and hydrological research. This paper focused on
monitoring soil surface moisture using multi-incidence angle ENVISAT-ASAR data, by adapting a semi-empirical
polynomial relationship between backscattering coefficient and soil moisture. As SAR signals at low and high incidence
angles differently responded to soil moisture and surface roughness, soil moisture could be estimated with a higher
accuracy by using two incidence angle SAR data to remove the effect of surface roughness.
The AIEM (Advance Integral Equation Model) model was employed to analyze the effect of soil moisture and roughness
on backscattering coefficient at low and high incidence angles. Based on low and high incidence angle data simulated by
AIEM, firstly, backscattering parameter model was built. Secondly, a roughness inversion model was built based on two
incidence angle data. Thirdly, the roughness inversion model was inputted into backscattering parameter model, and
Taylor approximation was employed to develop a polynomial inversion model for soil moisture. In the soil moisture
estimation model, the formula coefficients were obtained by least square method. Finally, the inversion model was used
to derive soil moisture from the simulated data, results showed that there was a significant correlation (R=0.97) between
the estimated and inputted soil moisture, and the RSM error was 0.051. The inversion methodology was also applied to
the ASAR data, a good agreement was observed between the estimated and measured volumetric soil moisture. The
correlation was 0.556, and the root mean square error was 0.0757. Compared with an experience model, the
semi-experience model improved soil moisture estimation accuracy.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.743403
In this paper, a new method is presented for assessing the precision based on the analysis of the distribution of the
ground control and check points. First, a question is presented by analyzing the precision of the geometry correction of
remote sensing. Especially, in the coastal area, the ground control and check points are infrequent and non-homogeneous.
Maybe, only small part of the remote sensing image (e.g. one island) is needed for application. But, if is the precision of
the part fit the requirement? Then, a model is developed for describe the spatial distribution of the finite points. Through
analyzing the finite points on the remote sensing image, each point has its effect range. In the study, the effect range is
defined as the monopolized-range. The ratio of the monopolized-range to whole image is a valid index for the points'
distribution. Finally, the model is used in a coastal remote sensing application. The result shows that the precision of
geometry correction can be showed quantitatively on the image, which is very useful for assessment of remote sensing
information.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.745493
Nowadays, the personal navigation systems based on PDA are very normal but they can seldom describing or analyzing
dynamically changing geographical information. Based on the Windows Mobile operation system, this paper provides a
realization of the data-exchange and data-show between the mobile control center and the PDA user groups. Based on
the static and dynamic characteristics, this system can make the dynamic element of the map to be shown in the custom
layer and updated with the command of the control center in the real time by the GSM/GPRS wireless net and have the
interrelated analysis between them by the filter algorithm of time and space. So it can help the PDA users to adapt the
complex geographical environment.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.745510
A new image fusion method of SAR, Panchromatic (Pan) and multispectral (MS) data is proposed. First of all, SAR
texture is extracted by ratioing the despeckled SAR image to its low pass approximation, and is used to modulate high
pass details extracted from the available Pan image by means of the á trous wavelet decomposition. Then, high pass
details modulated with the texture is applied to obtain the fusion product by HPFM (High pass Filter-based Modulation)
fusion method. A set of image data including co-registered Landsat TM, ENVISAT SAR and SPOT Pan is used for the
experiment. The results demonstrate accurate spectral preservation on vegetated regions, bare soil, and also on textured
areas (buildings and road network) where SAR texture information enhances the fusion product, and the proposed
approach is effective for image interpret and classification.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746028
Due to local terrain factors such as slope, aspect and terrain inter-shielding, the insolation duration (ID) over rugged
terrain (RT) is different from over horizontal surface. Based on digital elevation model (DEM), the distributed models to
Guizhou Plateau with 100m×100m DEM data for calculating ID over RT are developed. The results are that the
influences of slope, aspect and the terrain inter-shielding on ID are very big. The spatial distribution of ID has apparent
terrain feature over RT. The solar altitude angle is quite low in January, which causes more inter-shielding by the RT, and
the spatial difference of ID is big. The solar altitude angle is quite high in July; which causes less inter-shielding by the
RT, and the spatial difference of ID is corresponding small. But the ID over horizontal surface is much in July, and the
influence of local terrain on the ID is still obvious. The ID varies spatially 16~142 and 133~210 hours, and the maximum
one is about 9 and 1.6 times bigger than the minimum one in January and July, respectively. The annual ID varies
spatially 768~1824 hours, and its local difference is very obvious.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746359
The astronomical solar radiation (ASR) over rugged terrains (RT) is closely associated with local landform besides the
effect of season and latitude. The influence of slope, aspect and terrain inter-shielding on ASR is analyzed over RT.
Based on digital elevation model (DEM), a distributed model for calculating ASR over RT is developed. Using this
model, the ASR with a resolution of 100m×100m in the Guizhou Plateau is generated. The results are as follows. (1) The
ASR has obvious terrain distributing feature over RT. (2) The annual average ASR varies spatially 481.7~13041.8 MJm-2
over RT. The average ASR varies spatially 0.0~1244.7 MJm-2 and 0.0~1264.8 MJm-2 in January and July over RT,
respectively. (3) The influence of the local topographic factors on spatial distribution of the ASR varies with season and
latitude. Although the solar altitude angle is lower in January than in July, which causes more inter-shielding by the RT in
January, the ASR is much stronger in July than in January; the absolute difference in ASR between HS and RT is larger
in July. Therefore, the effect of local topography on ASR is still marked in January and July over RT.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746527
Automatic and fast image interpretation is important for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image exploitation. Generally,
image interpretation refers to target detection and information extraction. To generate information report automatically
and efficiently, we developed and demonstrated a fast and automatic information system for SAR image in this paper.
The proposed information system consists of four components respectively used for detection, discrimination,
information production and database management. To evaluate the performance of the system, we tested it on our own
SAR images placed tank targets downloaded from the DARPA MSTAR public distribution. Experiment results show the
proposed system is effective and advantageous in real-time applications.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746579
High spatial resolution remote sensing image (HSRRSI) has received a warm welcome in many fields. However,
building shadows of large area on HSRRSI (up to 30% in some cases) are one of the biggest hindrances for further
applications in many fields. To keep a balance between precision and efficiency required by applications during shadow
removal, this paper introduces a creative and practical strategy based on the theory of the pulse coupled neural network
(PCNN). By applying the simplified model of PCNN, shadows on HSRRSI had been detected and removed respectively.
When applied to HSRRSI, the method could not only remove the shadows, but also keep the contrast between removed
areas with shadows and other areas without shadows from being too big, which might distort the image. Therefore the
satisfactory result is gained.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746808
Low spatial resolution imagery is one of the important remote sensing data sources for remote sensing monitoring of a
large scope and distribution of vegetation. There exist many mixed pixels in low spatial resolution image, which need an
effective method to deal with them and to be improved the quality of classification images. In this paper, linear mixing
model is used to unmix the time series of MODIS-NDVI data. The endmembers extraction is a key and necessity, which
represents the spectral characteristics of the single pure land cover types. A new endmembers extraction algorithm based
on the time series of MODIS-NDVI and TM sample data is presented in this paper.Using these methods, we evaluate the
clarification results and find wheat distribution's region accuracy and pixel accuracy reach to 92.9% and 0.837
respectively, which are higher than the clarification result based on the endmembers from MODIS-NDVI pixel purity
index analysis or from classifications of TM data. This shows that our endmembers extraction algorithm is available and
effective, which help to improve monitoring accuracy of large scope and distribution of vegetation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747323
SPOT5 imagery is widely used in urban planning, investigation of land utilization, environmental management etc. for
its relatively high-resolution. Object-oriented classification techniques based on image segmentation are being actively
studied in the high-resolution image process and interpretation to extract a variety of thematic information. Different
from the pixel-based image analysis, the processing of the object-oriented method is based on image segment, not single
pixel. The object-oriented classification includes two consecutive processes. An image is subdivided into separated
regions according to the spectral and spatial heterogeneity in the image segmentation process. Then the objects are
assigned to a specific class according to the class's detailed description in the image classification process. As a case
study, the study area is a part of the Taiwan, whose mudstone bare-land is a significant problem due to the poor condition
of the soil-physical and microclimate. The SPOT-5 image in March of 2006 is segmented and then these segments are
classified to hierarchically linked objects by the eCognition software. By using manual interpreted aerial photo of the
same area and traditional classification results as reference for accuracy assessment, this study has higher accuracy
compared with the traditional classification.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747322
Urban heat island (UHI) is a key feature of urban climate. In order to compare the urban heat island phenomenon of
Beijing city between summer and winter, Landsat 5 TM images acquired on August 31st 2001 and December 21st 2001
respectively were used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) of Beijing city based on the generalized single channel
algorithm which is a new algorithm applicable to retrieve land surface temperature from only one thermal channel
remote sensing image. Then seasonal urban thermal environmental changes were analyzed. The result shows that urban
heat island exists in both winter and summer and distribution maps of urban thermal environment are both ring-shaped,
which is in accordance with the ring-road system of Beijing city. The result also indicates abnormity exists in the
outskirts in winter and reasons for this phenomenon were found.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747680
Segmentation has already been recognized as a valuable and complementary approach that performs a region-based
rather than a point-based evaluation of high-resolution remotely sensed data. An approach to segmentation of
multispectral IKONOS image based on texture marker-controlled watershed transform is presented. Primarily the texture
and edge features are extracted from the response of log Gabor filtering. The texture features are obtained from the
amplitude response, and phase congruency is introduced to detect invariant edge features. Then a method for
multispectral IKONOS image segmentation based on band feature combination is demonstrated. After that an algorithm
to combining texture with edge features is presented and used to implement the marker-controlled watershed
segmentation. Finally empirical discrepancy is calculated to evaluate the segmentation results. It shows that the precision
of right segmentation rate is up to 75% to 85%.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747796
In order to follow up the concepts of "Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics", Chinese Academy
of Sciences set up a project to monitor the land cover and use change of Beijing city especially inner sixth ring road
driven by the venues construction use remote sensing images after the successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
Landsat TM and airborne remote sensing temporal data were used in this paper to monitor the construction of Olympic
main venues as well as the effluences on neighboring land use and urban growth. This research forms a complete set of
urban growth model analysis, records the develop situation of Beijing driven by Olympic games and also provides
decision and research reference of Olympic construction.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747954
Because of the problems existing in the optimal system and data transfer equipment on the payload, which cause the
nonuniformity of the irradiation response on the panchromatic camera's CCD array of Beijing-1 of Disaster Monitoring
Constellation(DMC+4, launched on 10th 2005), there are several radiometric response errors on images produced by the
array pushbroom scanner. Such as odd and even stripe noise, the integrated lightness difference on the left and right part
image, the lightness pulse at the centre of images and so on. The curve of the radiometric response of the panchromatic
camera's CCD array on the uniform light irradiation has been measured in the laboratory. But some correlative
parameters are still unknown and may be changed with the space environment. This article suggest new correction
methods which are based on the array response model after filtering useless stripe noise of it by a special filter. Through
the experiment of simulated images, the best method combination for de-striping and eliminating the PRNU (Photoresponse
non-uniformity) phenomenon in the image simultaneously was found.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748064
Based on the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method a modified fusion method for SPOT5 images is proposed. Because of
demanding computation in image fusion a combination of pipeline parallelism and data parallelism is applied in practice.
Experimental results indicate that the spectral effect of fused images is good and distributed parallel processing solves
the problem of demanding computation in fused images.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748085
Through a time series analysis of atmosphere visibility from 1960 to 2004 in the 13 cities of Xinjiang, the following
regional meteorological facts are found.
1) Atmosphere visibility has changed in some yearly trends and seasonal fluctuations. With some exceptions of the
cities of Hetian, Akesu and Shihezi, an increasing trend of atmosphere visibility from the middle 90s to the present is
shown clearly in other 10 cities of Xinjiang. Atmosphere visibility in summer and winter is much better than that in
spring and autumn. It indicates that Xinjiang urban air conditions have been greatly improved in this period.
2) Atmosphere visibility is regionally increasing from the north to the south. Particularly, in northern Xinjiang, the
change trend of atmosphere visibility in winter is similar to that in the whole year. However, in southern Xinjiang, the
change trends of atmosphere visibility in spring, summer, and autumn are similar to that in the whole year.
3) Atmosphere visibility is closely related to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The larger the
NDVI is, the higher atmosphere visibility is. From 1981 to 2003, atmosphere visibility and the NDVI are synchronously
increasing with some trivial fluctuations.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67900Z (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748101
Snow cover area is a very critical parameter for hydrologic cycle of the Earth. Furthermore, it will be a key factor for the
effect of the climate change. Most research on estimating snow cover area is binary: pixels are verified either "snow" or
"not snow". Most pixels, however, are mixed with snow, vegetation, soil, rock or water. This paper presents a spectral
unmixing to estimate sub pixel snow cover. Firstly, a manmade selection for endmember was set up based on PCA method.
Then an automatic selection of snow endmember and nonsnow endmember based on NDSI and NDVI can be achieved.
The algorithm was tested on several different MODIS scenes in Tibetan Plateau. The efficiency and precision of
classification equals that obtainable from the PCA method but is faster, cheaper. Lastly, Two sub pixel snow cover mapping
means (regression method based on NDSI and spectral unmixing method based on the endmember automatic selection)
was compared and analysised. And it takes the ASTER 15m data as ground true data to calculate the percentage of snow
cover for 500m cells. It shows that the spectral unmixing can map fractional snow cover more precision and the automatic
selection mean is stable and robost.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679010 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748171
The authors introduce unsupervised wishart classification technique for fully polarimetric SAR data using H/α
decomposition of POLSAR images. This paper we applied this technique to AIRSAR data of Flevoland, Netherlands.
The most valuable in this paper is our evaluation. From the following tree aspects we evaluate the algorithm mentioned
in this paper and the results it produced. (i) By calculating the Jeffries-Matusit Distance (J-M Distance) Jmn between two
classes, which represents the separation between classes, the property of this classifier is measured. J-M Distance is a
measurement of average difference between Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of two classes. Usually J-M
Distance is between 0 and 2, and the bigger J-M Distance represents that two classes has a good separation. This paper
we have most J-M Distances 1.8-2.0, thus indicates good separation; (ii) According to the average entropy and alpha of
each final class, the classification results are analyzed; (iii) by comparing the classification results with the ground truth,
the classification algorithm is evaluated. The results have a good simulation of ground truth. Experiment in this paper,
according to the measurement criterion, analysis and evaluation, demonstrates that the region of Flevoland is well
classification and the method has the advantage of edge holding that in the case of non-smooth borders this advantage is
helpful. Also this paper gives a better repeat time.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679011 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748280
The permafrost and the seasonal frozen ground cover an extensive area in Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau. The surface
displacement by seasonally freezing bulge and thawing subsidence are main hazards for engineering construction in
permafrost regions. For detecting the subsidence at permanent frozen area, we try to study the interferometric method of
monitoring the deformation at permafrost area using PS and SBAS technique with time-series EnviSat ASAR data. The
characteristics of coherence at permanent frozen area about season change of difference object on the ground and
inherent reason is important factor for the change detection and selection of stable scatters. This paper studies coherence
characteristics of different ground objects at permanent frozen area., useing 13 scenes time-series ASAR data from Jan.
2004 to June 2006 at the Beiluhe test site in the Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau. The coherence characteristics showed big
difference, which are the fundamental for permafrost subsidence detecting using SAR interferometry in the Qinhai-
Tibetan Plateau.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679012 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748282
Nowadays many Geographic Information System (GIS) have been widely used in many municipal corporations. Water-supplying
corporations in many cities developed GIS application system based on SiCAD/Open GIS platform several
years ago for their daily management and engineering construction. With the increasing of commercial business, many
corporations now need to add the functionality of three dimensional to display to their GIS System without too much
financial cost. Because of the expensiveness of updating SiCAD/Open GIS system to the up-to-date version, the
introduction of a third-part 3D display technology is considered. In our solution, Visualization Toolkit (VTK) is used to
achieve three dimensional display of underground water-supplying network on the basis of an existing SiCAD/Open GIS
system. This paper addresses on the system architecture and key implementation technologies of this solution.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679013 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748313
With the rapid development of the technique of remote sensing, many vegetation biophysical variables are estimated
from remote sensing data. However, the biophysical variable products are limited to certain resolutions and some
products are incomplete in space. Therefore these products can not meet the needs of many operational applications.
Therefore, more and more attentions have been paid to fusing or assimilating multi-sensor and multi-temporal data to
improve the biophysical variable products with precision as high as possible and high temporal resolution and variable
spatial resolutions in recent years. In this paper, the multiscale Kalman filter (MKF) is introduced to fuse the biophysical
products from different kinds of remote sensing data. The multiscale Kalman filter allows us to model explicitly and very
efficiently the spatial dependence and scaling properties of remote sensing data, and can be used to produce optimal
estimation of biophysical variables at any desired spatial scale given uncertain and sparse observations at different scales.
Taking leaf area index as an example, our method is tested by fusing LAI products from MODIS and Landsat ETM+,
and the results show that the method can be used to fuse effectively different biophysical variables inverted from
different sensors.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679014 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748371
Through a closer analysis of the mixing process which forms the mixed pixels in multispectral/hyperspectral images and
the physical meanings of fractional abundances, the linear mixing model for the satellite remote sensing image is rebuilt
firstly. Then based on the linear mixing model, a new sub-pixel unmixing method is proposed to estimate the abundance
maps and the spectrums of endmembers. Some experimental results using both simulated hyperspectral data and the real
hyperspectral data show that the new method proposed in this paper is feasible and valid. The estimated abundance maps
and spectrums of endmembers are comparable with that of the real ones.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679015 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748379
Endmember extraction and spectral unmixing is a very challenging task in multispectral/hyperspectral image processing
due to the incompleteness of information. In this paper, a new method for endmember extraction and spectral unmixing
of hyperspectral images is proposed, which is called as minimum distance constrained nonnegative matrix factorization
(MDC-NMF). After being compared with a newly developed method named MVC-NMF, MDC-NMF not only has been
demonstrated more reasonable in theory but also shows promising results in the experiments.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679016 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748462
A new remote sensing technique based on the analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of waves has been
developed for estimation of near-shore coastal water bathymetry. Near-shore coastal water regions generate a rich range
of surface signatures observable by SAR, mainly due to effects of spatially changing water depths that cause variations in
the ocean surface roughness. These signatures contain a great deal of information regarding wave's parameters and their
variation over the area including the wavelength of surface waves change over varying water depths. By approaching the
analysis of SAR images of waves, using images analysis techniques and the general desperation relation of ocean waves,
new indirect technique of remote sensing bathymetry is applied over near-shore coastal water regions in Wenzhou
Zhejiang province, China. Results show that this technique is especially suitable for the near-shore coastal water zone
where the water depths change.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679017 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748566
The Great Wall segments in Ningxia and Shaanxi Provinces, built in Ming dynasty, actually lies in several transition
zones, such as agriculture and pasture land, semi-humid and semi-arid zone, monsoon area and non-monsoon area and so
on. As a result, the ecological environment around the Great Wall is very sensitive and fragile, and is easily to be
destroyed. So in this paper, we used a new technical route to analyze the environmental change around this part of the
Great Wall and meanwhile put forward some measures to protect its environment. To describe the spatial-temporal
pattern of environment along the Ming Great Wall, we choose some indices to analyze its change, such as the vegetation,
soil, moisture and so on [1]. All of them are retrieved from multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing images. By
comparing above parameters, we draw the conclusion that is the environment along the Ming Great Wall is becoming
worse and worse.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679018 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748618
As one of the most important geo-spatial objects and military establishment, airport is always a key target in fields of
transportation and military affairs. Therefore, automatic recognition and extraction of airport from remote sensing
images is very important and urgent for updating of civil aviation and military application. In this paper, a new
multi-source data fusion approach on automatic airport information extraction, updating and 3D modeling is addressed.
Corresponding key technologies including feature extraction of airport information based on a modified Ostu algorithm,
automatic change detection based on new parallel lines-based buffer detection algorithm, 3D modeling based on gradual
elimination of non-building points algorithm, 3D change detecting between old airport model and LIDAR data, typical
CAD models imported and so on are discussed in detail. At last, based on these technologies, we develop a prototype
system and the results show our method can achieve good effects.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679019 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748630
Atmospheric refractivity sounding is of great importance to the meteorological and military applications. An experiment
was conducted for sounding the atmospheric refractivity on the top of the Wuling Mountain in August, 2005. Profiles of
the atmospheric refractivity were obtained by both the mountain-based GPS and the tomographic method. Comparison
shows that there is a bias of -3.83N and a standard deviation of 7.03N between the mountain-based GPS and the
radiosonde. A bias less than 1% among different receivers proves that the receivers tested can meet the demand of the
radio occultation technique. A very good consistence among the profiles by the mountain-based GPS, the tomographic
method and the radiosonde suggests the effectiveness of both the mountain-based GPS and the tomographic method,
indicating the great potential in the future meteorological application.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748696
Snow hazard especially avalanche potential along G217 national highway in Tianshan Mountains using remote sensing
and GIS is evaluated and compared with actual site records of avalanche in a test area. Most places of the actual
avalanche accidents are consistent with the places with the high snow hazard potential. But there are several places of the
avalanche were not in the high hazard potential areas. The reason for this difference is discussed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748711
This paper aims at improving the retrieval accuracy of urban residential areas in arid region where barrens are distributed
widely by fusing multi-spectral image and SAR image based on HIS transformation. Unlike traditional supervised
classification, 2-class classification is used to obtain urban residential areas and non-residential areas. Comparison
between this method and traditional supervised maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method is performed. It is
found that the retrieval of urban residential areas from the fused image is more accurate than that from TM image by
using MLC, with accuracy of 84.21% and 71.79% respectively. The result validates the efficiency of our method.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748756
Uncertainty management has been considered essential for physical world application especially uncertain spatial
relation representation and reasoning for Geographic Information System applications. In this paper a unified space
partition and identical operator for uncertain topological and directional relation representation and reasoning are
proposed, and an integrated model is constructed. Then the workflow of the reasoning is designed with using the model.
At last a case studies are taken, which results demonstrate the rationality and viability of the model for uncertain
topological and directional reasoning.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748766
An event-based spatio-temporal data model or event-oriented approach is either raster-based or vector-based and thus the
models fail to handle evolving geographical phenomena and spatio-temporal objects simultaneously. The focus of this
paper is on an event-based spatio-temporal data model with integrated vector and raster data structure. In this paper, the
framework of ESTDMVR was described, the two basic components of which were designed by hierarchically to manage
grid cells and spatial topology respectively, and explicit event instances and implicit event instances stored in RDBMS
were organized to represent changes of grid cells or an entity, and a land use database with our spatio-temporal
modeling approach fulfills the requirements for spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal queries was implemented.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748770
It's well known that soil erosion is a complicated phenomenon. It's hard to express it with a uniform equation, however
BP artificial neural network has great advantages of solving non-linear problems, so it can use BP artificial neural
network to research on soil erosion quantitatively. In this research it lays out experiment in the east and west of Liaoning
province. It measures 4 factors which mainly influence soil erosion except quantity of soil erosion. They are rainfall
erosivity, slop, soil water content before rainfall and crop coverage. These data are composed of 85 samples in total. This
paper builds double-layer BP artificial neural network for east region and west region respectively. It uses some samples
to train BP artificial neural network and others to verify it. Research results show that judging from the errors these two
BP artificial neural networks can be applied to research on soil erosion quantitatively. Simulative results can be used to
confirm the rank of soil erosion. Comparing with the results of multi-factor orthogonal regression analysis using BP
artificial neural network is much more approaching the real value. Besides it discusses the problems on BP artificial
neural network application.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748786
Compared with the low or middle resolution image, the high resolution Remote Sensing image has the richer structure
information and the texture information, and the traditional statistical classification technology based on pixels' spectrum
can not obtain the ideal effect; it's produced lots of " pepper and salt noises", "the foreign matter same spectrum" and
"the same thing different spectrum". The idea of object-oriented technology produces homogeneous image objects
through multi-scale segmentation technology, and provides a way to analyze object's features, such as spectral, shape,
topology, texture and so on. And then it carries out the information extraction by fuzzy classification using spectral
features and shape features classification, and realizes the functions of discriminating various species and automatic
classification.
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Lan Zhang, Xingfa Gu, Tao Yu, Yang Dong, Xinli Hu, Hua Xu
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748817
This paper mainly study the wavelet based ECW remote sensing image compression technology. Comparing with the
tradition compression technology JPEG and new compression technology JPEG2000 witch based on wavelet we can find
that when compress quite large remote sensing image the ER Mapper Compressed Wavelet (ECW) can has significant
advantages. The way how to use the ECW SDK was also discussed and prove that it's also the best and faster way to
compress China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite (CBERS) image.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748904
Study on radiation transfer, which is the key process in the energy balance system, is required to interpret remote sensing
data and support application. In the radiation transfer process, atmospheric transmittance is the most important physical
parameter in study of remote sensing, especially in the quantitative remote sensing. The paper mainly studies on
atmospheric transmittance based on MODIS and FY. In the paper, it calculates gaseous absorption of seven gases
including water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and oxygen (H2O, CO2, O3,
N2O, CO, CH4 and O2) by MODTRAN. Then it makes convolution transforms, fit and regress the polynomials to obtain
the corresponding coefficients of each polynomial and different relative spectral response. At last, it calculates
atmospheric transmittance by the fitted polynomials compared with the results of MODTRAN to validate. Based on the
study, it lays a foundation for studying and application on Daily BRDF/Albedo Algorithm for FY-3 next.
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Chaoming Luo, Xingfa Gu, Yang Dong, Hua Xu, Feiming Wei
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748978
Methods for fusing multi-spectral low-resolution remotely sensed images with a more highly resolved panchromatic
image are described. The goal is to obtain a high-resolution multi-spectral image which combines the spectral
characteristic of the low-resolution data with the spatial resolution of the miss- ions computer-aided panchromatic image.
Unlike other applications, e.g. image fusion in military or quality control, the main constraint in remote sensing is to
preserve the spectral information for tasks like classification of ground cover and to more good use of the sport remote
sensor image data to apply to monitor land resources changes, updated annually nationwide use maps; Measurement of
the area of arable land, estimated forest accumulation, crop growth and yield and grazing are storage capacity and annual
changes and so on, and to make the image data more correct and including more information.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749000
According to the concept of "generalized stereopair", this paper focuses on the multi-resource remotely sensed imagery
covering the same regions, and investigates the space intersection mathematics models based on RFM. Considering the
complexity of imagery orientation in generalized stereopairs, this paper expends the original space intersection model
based on RFM, and proposed homologous new models. And then the accuracy of different space intersection models are
analyzed and compared through experiments. The results prove the computing precision and feasibility of space
intersection mathematics models based on generalized stereopairs.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748995
Atmospheric water vapor effects represents a major limitation to accuracy in InSAR applications. a method based on
GPS-ZWD timeseries and atmospheric transport model is developed to reproduce InSAR atmospheric signal so as to be
applied to reduce atmospheric effects in interferogram. Firstly, based on correlation between wator vapor effect and
topography, topography-dependent component of delay variation can be estimated by fitting a model of the vertical
profile of neutral atmospheric delay to the GPS ZWD measurements at the SAR overpass time, then we use the fitting
model and a SRTM DEM of imaged area to generate a map of altitude-dependent ZWD delay difference, which can be
used to reduce topography-dependent atmospheric phase in InSAR interferogram. After removing the
topography-dependent model, the residual fluctuations can be interpreted as turbulent variations of water vapor.
Atmospheric transport model is introduced to transform GPS-ZWD timeseries around SAR overpass time into a spatially
denser network of GPS-ZWD control points. The denser network of GPS-ZWD enable estimation of ZWD difference
maps that better match the turbulently-mixed atmospheric phase distortions observed in the InSAR data. Experimental
data analysis showed the method to seperately consider topography-dependent and turbulent mixing atmospheric effects
effectively reproduce atmospheric signal in InSAR interferogram.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749050
An improved wavelet thresholding method is applied to denoise weather radar raw data. It used an adjustable
thresholding method other than soft or hard thresholding methods. Comparing with median filtering method, the result of
this method shows that it can remove the noise from the data and keep the useful infomation well at the same time. It can
improve the detection rate and lower the false alarm rate for small scale sever storm. The radar echo maps are also made
clearer.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749072
The Bohai Sea is the inland water of China and surrounded by the land from 3 sides. In this paper in situ data of
chlorophyll a concentration [Chl-a], Normalized water leaving radiance Lwn(λ) and diffuse attenuation coefficient at
490nm for downwelling irradiance Kd(490) have been used to validate corresponding MODIS data products. It's found
that MODIS Lwn(λ) products of blue and green bands have mean Absolute Percentage Difference (APD) less than 15%,
among which Lwn(443) has the highest precision, with APD being 5.42%. In red band, MODIS Lwn(λ) performs worst
and MODIS Lwn(670) overestimates the observed value about 10 times. APD of MODIS Kd(490) is 80.69%. APD of
MODIS [Chl-a] is 88.31%, and almost all the MODIS [Chl-a] overestimate the measured values. It's concluded that
MODIS Lwn(λ) precision reflects the applicability of corresponding atmospheric correction algorithm in the Bohai Sea
and it's recommended that the MODIS atmospheric correction model applicable to the Bohai Sea be developed. The
major origin of MODIS Kd(490) and [Chl-a] error is that the inversion algorithms adopted by MODIS data processing
are not applicable to the Bohai Sea and corresponding inversion model should also be developed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749124
The SPOT/VGT NDVI (S10) time series data of eastern China (1998-2005) are smoothed with two methods, the moving
average and the Savitzky-Golay filter, after they are downloaded from the official website of VITO. Then the monthly
maximal NDVI images (total 93 images) are extracted from 279 NDVI (S10) images and the Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) is applied on the 93 images. There are 3 components that each explains more than 1% of the variance, in
which the principal components 1, 2 and 3 explain respectively 93.25%, 2.77% and 1.21% of the variance in the original
93 maximum NDVI images. The principal component 1 is interpreted as the "climate" component, and principal
components 2 and 3 are interpreted as the "growth season" and "non-growth season" components respectively. Principal
components 1, 2 and 3 are composed to a 3-band color image which is classified into 7 classes (including 18 subclasses)
by ISODATA. The overall accuracy of classification in five samples is 83.6%, and the kappa index is 0.82. Finally, the
unique intra-annual NDVI curve of each vegetation class is displayed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749245
Maritime information is very important to ensure traffic safety on the sea. In recent years the maritime information
browsing and service system is widely used. However, most of the traditional systems are based on 2D electronic charts
and are not satisfied with people's multi-dimension and multi-viewpoint way to observe the world. So it is necessary and
urgent to research and develop the maritime information service in 3D virtual environment. Aiming at this, a new idea
for maritime information browsing and service based on 3D virtual earth is presented in this paper. Corresponding key
technologies including integrated creation of underwater and land terrain, creation of 3D maritime model based on the
integration of GIS and CAD, spatial information extraction from nonspatial data, organization and management of terrain
data and 3D maritime models, moving object management based on orbit positioning algorithm, 3D visualization of
different information are discussed in detail. At last, a system named 3DMBINS is developed and obtained initial
application in maritime administration.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749263
Fast-growing plantation planting is especially prevalent in the late 10 years in Southeast China, going with the debate on
its positive and negative influence. Mastering the status of non-natural fast-growing plantations is essential for both
national and local government's decision-makers. This paper presents the methodology used to detect fast-growing
plantation in the extent of Leizhou city in southeast China based on CCD/CBERS time-series images. This methodology
is on the basis of the assumption that fast-growing plantation's rotation period is 5 years. NDVI differencing as a change
detection method is selected to detect the bald land period, which will be considered to be fast-growing plantation. The
result indicates that NDVI differencing method is feasible in extracting fast-growing plantation. The area of fast-growing
plantation in Leizhou city is 225.54 square kilometers, distributed all over the city. Plantation scale in west coast and
northern part connected with Suixi city is larger than southern part connected with Xuwen city. East coast has the least
amount of distribution. The paper proposes that texture and shape analysis will help improving extraction precision.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749294
During the last two decades, the Yangtze River Delta, one of the most economically developed areas of China,
experienced rapid urban expansion, and accordingly, masses of cropland have been converted into human buildings. To
analyze the influence of landscape change, it is important to provide up-to-date land cover information of this area. This
paper describes the development of Land cover map of the Yangtze River Delta using 250m MODIS data, and the main
satellite data used in this study were MODIS EVI data, MODIS reflectance data and DEM. A filter method based on
time series was applied to eliminate EVI noise, and a PCA analysis was performed to reduce the volume of data. Besides,
homogeneity was calculated to present spatial texture information. Therefore, a compositive classification matrix was
generated. Considering the natural and artificial conditions of the study area, a 9-type classification scheme was defined.
ROIs (Region of Interest) were selected from Landsat ETM+ images by human interpretation consulting the Vegetation
Atlas of China. Then the land cover map was generated using MLC method. After correction by buffering analysis, we
got the final land cover classification of the Yangtze River Delta. The classification accuracy was assessed using fineresolution
Landsat images, with an overall accuracy of 95.98%. In addition, our classification result was compared with
the MODIS-IGBP land cover production and showed better accuracy. The good result indicated the good behavior of the
synthetic classification features and technical processing used in our research, and also suggested the advantage of 250m
MODIS data in regional land cover mapping.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749318
As the sensor technique develops rapidly, especially the high-precision commercial satellite, Rational Function Model
(RFM) has received increasingly more acceptance because of its simple form, convenience for using, low requirement
for specialized knowledge and not depending on the imaging parameters of specific satellite. Nevertheless, the quality of
applying the model depends on the precision of parameters. Because of the ill-conditioned equation during solving the
RFM, traditional Least square (LS) method can not always offer high-precision solution, therefore, it is essential to
research better methods to provide theory basis for wider application of RFM. In the paper, truncation singular value
decomposition, Genetic Algorithm and various biased estimation methods are applied to solve the parameters of RFM,
and detailed analysis is made about the results of different algorithms that they all can solve the ill-conditioned equation
well and improve the precision. The conclusion is that truncation singular value decomposition, Genetic Algorithm and
using biased estimation method reasonably can lead to high-precision parameters but Genetic Algorithm remains to be
improved due to its extensive time.
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Keming Chen, Chunlei Huo, Jian Cheng, Zhixin Zhou, Hanqing Lu
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749309
In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised change detection approach in temporal sets of synthetic aperture radar
(SAR) images using Markovian fusion. This method is carried out within a Markovian framework which combines two
different change detection algorithms to achieve noise removing and spatial information preserving at the same time.
This approach is composed of two steps: 1) two change maps are generated by two distinctive but complementary
approaches respectively; 2) final results are achieved by fusing the two change maps within a Markovian framework. In
the first step, two different thresholding algorithms are selected to get two change maps aimed at speckle noise
removing and spatial contexture preserving respectively; In the second step, a solution to fusion the two change maps
through a Markov random field framework is proposed. The minimization of energy function is carried out through
iterative conditional mode (ICM) algorithm because of its simplicity and moderate computation-consuming.
Experiments results obtained on a SAR data set confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It shows that the
fusion approach based on MRFs model is a promising way of achieving robust unsupervised change detection.
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Tao Sun, Liyu Lin, Zhigao Yang, Tiancan Mei, Qianqing Qin
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749348
The stereo image pair taken from different positions, theoretically the redundant information and disparity allows to
reconstruction higher resolution images and reduces the aliasing artifacts. We present an improved hybrid MAP
(Maximum a Posteriori) restoration algorithm for stereo image pair combined PSF (Point Spread Function) measurement
and iterative registration parameters updated scheme. With the regularity parameter choice based on L-curve, this
method preserves discontinuity efficiently. The reconstruction images quality lies on the accurate registration, the PSF
non-bias estimation and regulation parameters choice. In this paper, an MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) measure
and spatial profile methods are presented for reconstruction images quality estimation. A simulation and a real-data
experiment demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
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Luxiang Xiao, Zengxiang Zhang, Xi Chen, Geping Luo
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749358
Land use change and its driving factors are hot topics of global change research, and also important topics
of sustainable development. This paper selected a small area in alluvial plain oasis in Xinjiang Autonomous
region of China as the study area. Using Landsat TM data of 1987, 1998 and 2004, the dynamic process of
the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes were analyzed to improve understanding and to find
the driving forces of land use changes so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 17
years salt-alkali tolerant cropland, cereal cropland, vegetable-fruit land, and shrubbery, had decreased
remarkably by 78.59%, 85.95%, 92.13%, 68.43%, respectively. Cotton-liquorice land, grape-hop land,
planted forest, residential area in town, residential area in village, and saline-alkaline field had increased
dramatically. The increased percentage received the value of 2432.11%, 10103.18%, 889.91%, 222.45%,
96.00%, 44.18%, respectively. By the logistic regression, the main driving factors were derived for each
land use type. The advance of technology (fertilizer input, irrigation quota, and animal labor et al.) and
market (unit are yield net) were the main driving factors. Policy, in a higher level, influenced the land use
dynamics for all the land use changes.
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Lin Wu, Jiaqi Gong, Hua Cheng, Jie Ma, Jinwen Tian
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749408
A new method of underwater passive navigation based on gravity gradient is proposed in this paper. In comparison with
some other geophysical characteristics such as gravity or gravity anomaly, gravity gradient which is the second
derivative of gravitational potential has better spatial resolution and more sensitive to terrain changes. Through it, the
digitally stored gravity gradient maps and real-time gravity gradient measurements can be taken as input information,
with gravity gradient linearization techniques and extended Kalman filter, the navigation errors of INS are estimated by
using gravity gradient error, therefore the output in the inertial navigation system are corrected. Simulation test has been
done and the results show that, the method is effective and efficient for the positioning precision improvement.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749423
In this paper, an automated road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images method based on road
synthetical characteristics is presented. First, spectral property, geometric property and textural property of road class
have been considered and a road clustering model has been established. Second, mathematical morphology has been
applied to extract road centerlines. Experiments prove that the model of this paper could describe the features of road
well and accurately identify the road class from high-resolution remote sensing images.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749414
In this paper, an efficient technique to perform automatic registration and fusion for large misalignment remote sensing
images is proposed. It complements SIFT features with Harris-affine features, and uses the ratio of the first and second
nearest neighbor distance to setup the initial correspondences, then uses the affine invariant of Mahalanobis distance to
remove the mismatched feature points. From this correspondence of the points, the affine matrix between two different
images can be determined. All points in the sensed image are mapped to the reference using the estimated transformation
matrix and the corresponding gray levels are assigned by re-sampling the image in the sensed image. Finally, we develop
Burt's match and saliency metric and use neighborhood space frequency to fuse the registrated reference and sensed
remote sensing images in NSCT domain. Experiments on remote sensing images with large misalignment demonstrate
the superb performance of the algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749781
With high radiation and spectral resolution, hyperspectral remote sensing can be used to detect and extract small signals
of submerged water features. This study investigated the potential of the satellite hyperspectral data--Hyperion image
for mapping total suspended solids (TSS) concentration of coastal water in Liaodong Bay, China. After processing and
atmospheric correction, the reflectance of water extracted from Hyperion image can be used to express the spectral
characteristics of different TSS concentration. The estimated algorithms of TSS concentration based on water reflective
spectra data collected in situ. The results indicated derivative spectra had been shown to be an effective technique for
separating the contribution of TSS of the composite spectrum of coastal water. The significantly correlative coefficient
(R) between TSS concentration and the first derivative of reflectance at 529nm was -0.73. Compared with the single
band and band ratio reflectance data, first derivative of reflectance used in polynomial regression method can get better
accuracy and the determination coefficient (R2) can be improved to 0.58. The estimated TSS concentrations were
evaluated by field truth data.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67901Z (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749809
A global data model is presented for the digital earth that provides fast access. It is shown how the same global
hierarchical structure can be used for a wide variety of geospatial data and how to organize the specific geospatial data.
In order to maximize efficiency, particular caching and paging mechanism have been used. Some types of data can, at
prescribed levels of detail, transition from the global model to type-specific data structures and detail management
schemes will be introduced. This framework has been applied successfully to a variety of data including terrain
elevations, imagery, maps, buildings, clouds, and other data. Further, the framework provides a visual navigation
approach where one can navigate continuously from global overviews to high resolution local views. This paper presents
results for several applications.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679020 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749849
In the ocean color remote sensing, about 90% of sensor-measured signals contributed by atmosphere need to be removed
by implementing atmospheric correction, which is a key procedure for quantitatively retrieving water color parameters
from the remotely sensed observations. In the coastal and inland turbid waters (Case II waters), the standard atmospheric
correction algorithm embedded in SeaDAS frequently yields negative water-leaving radiance values, it is partly because
of the overestimation of atmospheric aerosol influence. A modified atmospheric correction method was proposed to
correct the atmospheric aerosol effect in Case II waters in this paper. The default NASA atmospheric correction scheme
was used to retrieve the primal aerosol information and identify the standard atmospheric correction algorithm failure
area. The aerosol information derived from CALIPSO LIDAR and sun photometer on the same day was utilized to
retrieve the water-leaving radiance in Case II waters. From the comparison with the results from SeaDAS and the in-situ
data, the results showed that the modified atmospheric correction method could be effective in Case II waters.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679021 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750090
An algorithm is presented for deriving an optimal features classified with a support vector machine. The approach is
based on direct objective optimization which is approximated by the selection of appropriate features as the SVM
learning predictor in a regularized learning framework. To process the regularized learning, a genetic method provides a
learning rule for in an outer loop of an iteration, while at each iteration training predictor model using gradient descent is
to gradually added the feature into improving the existing model. The inner loop is heuristic to perform support vector
machine training and provide support vector coefficients on which the gradient descent depends. The experiment was
conduced on the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer(AVIRIS) data for classification. The result shows that
the feature selection of spectral dimension and support vector machine are jointly optimized.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679022 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750216
Recent advances in open geospatial web service, such as Web Coverage Service as well as corresponding web ready data
processing service, have led to the generation of large amounts of OGC enabled links on Internet. Recently a few search
engines that are specialised with respect to geographic space have appeared. However, users do not always get the
effective OGC WCS link information they expect when searching the Web. How to quickly find the correct spatial aware
web service in a heterogeneous distributed environment has become a "bottleneck" of geospatial web-based applications.
In order to improve the retrieval efficiency of OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) on WWW, a new methodology for
retrieving WCS based on clustering capability aware spatial search service middleware is put forward in this paper.
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Na Li, Huijie Zhao, Guorui Jia, Chao Dong, Runsheng Wang, Bokun Yan
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679023 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750268
Independent component analysis (ICA) model is proposed to extract alteration minerals using spaceborne hyperspectral
data, because the result of present methods for alteration minerals identification are affected easily by the factors
including excursion and variation of spectral signatures, interference of environment conditions and insufficient spectral
library. In our work, the proposed method can realize extraction of alteration minerals under condition that the prior
information of mineral spectra is unknown and the background model is not built. Therefore, this method is successfully
applied to spaceborne Hyperion data at Qulong district of Tibet, and the application result in our work is approximately
in accord with the geological map. Four kinds of minerals have been identified, which include kaolinite, chlorite,
rich-aluminium sericite, and poor-aluminium sericite. And then the result that is obtained by ICA model can illuminate
the validity and practicability of the proposed method and can provide some useful information and direction for the
prognostication of mineral resource.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679024 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750241
The main meteorological parameters which influencing the rainfall can be distilled from the MODIS satellite cloud
imagery and the artificial neural network (ANN) model constructed by these meteorological parameters and can be
applied on distributed rainfall estimation. Because it is difficult to decide the structure of back propagation neural
network (BPNN) and to solve the problem of local convergence, an appropriate training and modeling method of ANN
such as the real code genetic algorithm (RGA) is vital to the accuracy of rainfall estimation. The data of the simulation
tests show that the Mean Relative Error (MRE) of BPA model is 23.6%, while the MRE of RGA model is 20.7%,
Compared with the ANN trained by BPA, the estimation error of the ANN trained by RGA is cut down by 2.9%, and the
Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is cut down by 2.5% at the same time, hence, the results prove that the ANN model
trained using RGA will significantly outperform the back propagation algorithm (BPA) trained ANN model and improve
the precision of rainfall estimation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679025 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750373
Evapotranspiration (ET, or latent heat flux) is the most essential and uncertain factor in water resource management.
Remote sensing is a promising tool for estimation of spatial distribution of ET at regional scale with limited ground
observations. We developed an algorithm for estimating regional evapotranspiration from MODIS 1b data and ancillary
meteorological data. The algorithm is an integration of Penman-Monteith equation and SEBS (Surface Energy Balance
System) model. The former is a combination of the energy balance theory and the mass transfer method to compute the
evaporation from cropped surfaces from standard climatological records of sunshine, temperature, humidity and wind
speed by introducing resistance factors, and the latter determines the spatio-temporal variability of regional evaporative
condition. First, we characterized key land surface parameters on satellite over passing days, including fractional
vegetation cover (fc), roughness height for momentum (z0m), net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G0); Second, SEBS
was applied to partition the sensible heat (H) from latent heat (LE) in combination with Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)
information from seven meteorological stations. A parameterization of surface roughness was applied at mountainous
area considering topographic influence; third, we chose available surface resistance (RS) as the temporal-scaling factor.
With bulk surface resistance is properly defined, P-M methods is valid for both soil and vegetation canopy. We validated
ET from this algorithm with limited actual observations of ET including 2 eddy covariance system dataset and 1
lysimeter sites. Water balance equation is used as a trend-analysis tool to show the consistency between rainfall and ET
on four drainage area. As a result, the prototype products showed different accuracy and applicability on different
underlying and time scale, which demonstrates the potential of this approach for estimating ET from 1-km to regional
spatial scale in North China Plain.
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Li Fang, Qiang Liu, Qinhuo Liu, Ding Li, Sihan Liu
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679026 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750204
HJ-1B small satellite, which has two CCD cameras and an infrared scanning camera, is scheduled to be launched in the end of this year. The infrared scanning camera is a whiskbroom scanner with four spectral bands. In order to guarantee the quality of data products from the infrared scanning camera, accurate geo-location and precise geometric rectification are required. A geo-location algorithm for infrared scanning camera in HJ-1B is proposed in this paper based on pixel navigation and image matching. The algorithm is composed of three steps. The first step is pixel navigation based on the principles of photogrammetry using the parameters of satellite ephemeris and attitude information. The second step is to simulate HJ-1B satellite image with an existing remote sensing image, which is accurately georectified and of higher spatial resolution than HJ-1B image. The HJ-1B image is then matched to the simulated image using least squares matching method to find the accurate location of each HJ-1B image pixel. After geo-location, the image can be geo-rectified according to the location of each pixel. In our preliminary test with simulated image, the geometric correction method is proved feasible in principle as well as in practice.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679027 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750426
A hyperspectral image fusion method based on second generation wavelet with variance weighting is proposed in this
paper. This method includes three major steps: Firstly, decompose the original 220 bands image by second generation
wavelet transform, namely predict and update sub-images on rectangle and quincunx grids by Neville filters. Secondly,
use variance as fusion weight to multiply decomposed coefficients. Finally the fused image was reconstructed by reverse
second generation wavelet transform. AVIRIS hyperspectral image was selected in the experiments, the results of which
illustrated that the method based on second generation wavelet can utilize both spatial and spectral characteristics of
source images more adequately. This novel method improved qualitative and quantitative results, compared to previous
wavelet fusion methods. Therefore, the effect of variance weighting fusion is superior to that of averaging fusion.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679028 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750455
The blind image restoration based on the nonlinear inverse heat diffusion equation and total variation model has been
developed in the past decades. In this paper, a novel genetic algorithm by combining genetic algorithm with anisotropic
diffusion technique is put forward to implement the super-resolution image restoration. In the procedure of mutation, we
proposed a new genetic mutation operator based on anisotropic diffusion to guide the mutation. The solution space with
the higher resolution is formed by the introduction of the new genetic mutation operator. The validity and robustness of
our method was demonstrated by using aerial images.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679029 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750462
Thick cloud cover is a very common problem in remote sensing images. Cloud and shadow should be removed, which
causes some dark holes in remote sensing images. It is difficult to predict the real value of one pixel covered by thick
cloud. Multi-temporal information extracted can be used in the information reconstruction in the cloud covering area. In
this study, one new method which is different from the filter processing and spatial interpolation processing is applied in
information reconstruction based on multi-temporal CHRIS images. First, the threshold method and MLC are combined
to completely identify the area of cloud and shadow. Then this paper utilizes the class information extracted from multitemporal
images and the statistical relationship of the reflectance at the same band in different temporal image. In the
end, the whole cloud covering areas in one CHRIS image are repaired and filled by the predicted reflectance values.
From the reconstruction result in the cloud covering area, it is concluded that the method in this paper is rather effective
to repair the information in the thick cloud covered area based on multi-temporal images.
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Kai Xu, Chunfang Kong, Yanmin Shuai, Chunxiang Cao, Shouxun Yan
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750488
In this paper, mechanisms of mineral radiation transfer, atmospheric correction and surface temperature retrieve, method
of minerals identification based on emissivity spectral features are studied. Mineral radiation transfer can model the
mechanisms of spectral formation and variation, and is one of study methods of spectral mechanism. Along with the
variation of mineral granularity, the shape and absorption depth of mineral emissivity spectral will all variate. However,
the law of emissivity variation with emission angle of different minerals is identical. Along with the increasement of
emission angle, emissivity decrease. The more emissivity is small, the more variation range and speed are large. The
reflectance mixture of mineral is non-linear, and can be lineated using mineral radiative transfer model. After the mixture
spectral is lineated, the precision of linear unmixing of spectral and mineral content extraction will be improved greatly.
The atmospheric correction and surface temperature retrieve of thermal remote sensing data will affect extraction
lithologic information greatly. In this paper, using the MODTRAN model to atmospheric correction, and using
split-window algorithm for retrieving surface temperature from ASTER thermal infrared data. With the minerals
emissivity spectral features and the index (QI, CI and SI), retrieving Si02 content of rock quantitatively using ASTER
thermal infrared data. The method can be used to extract lithologic information.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750499
ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis has been widely used to evaluate detection performance. It solves
binary hypothesis testing problems. It is difficult to get real edge of remote sensing image. As a result, they are not
directly looked as hypothesis testing problem. In this paper, we first introduce a method to generate reference edge map
(REM). Using two sets of synthetic image to test its robustness. Edge detectors are tested on three panchromatic remote
sensing images, and then we generate test ROC curves based on REM and compute the area under the curves.
Quantitative results are discussed.
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Xuesong Lu, Shengxian Tu, He Su, Hong Huo, Tao Fang
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750467
With the recent increase in the amount of remote sensing images and the corresponding interest in temporal change
detection, image registration has become increasingly important as a necessary first step in the integration of multi-temporal
or multi-source data, for applications such as the analysis of seasonal and annual global climate changes, as
well as land cover changes. Ground Control Point method can be subjective and extremely time-consuming as a result of
manual selection of the control point pairs. The intensity-based registration is a solution to this problem. To the larger
size images, however, the computational load can be high. In this paper, we develop a new automated registration
approach to combine the advantage of two methods. First, a mathematical morphology-based method is used to extract
interested sub-region pairs from the reference and floating image. Next, the registration of sub-region pairs is
implemented by mutual information. At last the global transformation result will originate from the registration results of
these sub-region pairs. By experiment on the larger size remote sensing images, less registration time and subpixel
accuracy of registration results can be obtained, which reveal that the proposed registration algorithm is a robust solution.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750531
Incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is a key variable needed by almost all terrestrial ecosystem models.
Unfortunately, the current incident PAR products estimated from remotely sensed data at spatial and temporal
resolutions are not sufficient for carbon cycle modeling and various applications. In this study, the author improved Eck
and Dye model which is a PAR simulating model using ultraviolet reflectance. The advantage of the ultraviolet over
existing visible band approaches to estimating insolation is the improved ability to discriminate clouds from high-albedo
background surfaces. Ultraviolet spectral reflectance data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) was
used to test the approach for Qianyanzhou station, southeast of China. Estimates of 8-day composition total incident
PAR from the satellite technique differed from measurement values by higher than 3.47%. The incident PAR over
Jiangxi Province was mapped in 2003 and 2004. The results indicate that this approach can produce reasonable PAR
product and is suitable for regional and global applications, although more quantitative validation activities are still
needed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750616
Recently Spatial Data Mining (SDM) has been recognized as a powerful technology that can complement traditional GIS
to facilitate urban planning and management since it can be used to discover interesting, implicit knowledge from spatial
database. DBSCAN spatial clustering algorithm as a SDM method is able to effectively discover clusters of arbitrary
shape in large database with noise points. In this paper we applied this algorithm to detect distribution patterns of urban
public facilities in a developed city, including primary school, high school and commercial facilities. Both qualitative and
quantitative analysis were carried out to investigate how to determine optimal values of input parameters for DBSCAN
algorithm, and the distribution patterns of public facilities were assessed against urban planning design standard using
the algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750679
We propose a nonparametric method for extraction of region of interest (ROI) based on information theory. A polygonal
active contour, whose energy function is defined by Jensen-Shannon divergence, is used to drive the curve to match the
boundaries of the ROI. Then, our method is able to solve problems involving arbitrary probability densities for the region
intensity. We use this method to extract the ROI of synthesized, aerial and natural images and compare with classical
statistical snake. Experimental results demonstrate the power of the proposed extraction method for ROI.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750592
This paper contrapose the airborne stripe SAR image correction, a new method was discussed which utilized the junction
condition in overlap area of adjacent stripe SAR images to assist determination the coefficients of rectification function.
At first, the rectification function style was chosen, considering the area of every stripe SAR image is small and narrow,
the polynomial correction which has second order term of x and y is chosen. During the processing of determine
rectification function, the GCPs and homologous point are used to establish the error equations, and then the coefficients
is solved by adjustment integrated in whole area. The rectification function is utilized to every stripe image, and then the
rectified stripe images are mosaic to the orthoimage of whole interesting area after the rectification. Since the junction
condition is used, the number of GCPs can be reduced and the consistency in overlap area of adjacent stripe images is
much better. The experiment Result has verified the reliability and validity of this method, it is suitable the area with few
GCPs.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750570
Wavelet transform is widely used in image fusion area. The original principle of the wavelet image fusion is to get the
best resolution without altering the spectral contents of the image. There are three kinds of factors such as wavelet bases,
decomposition levels and fusion criteria which influence the fusion process. In this paper, the influence of each factor to
image fusion is analyzed and the optimal combinations of them are reached.
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Sihan Liu, Qiang Liu, Qinhuo Liu, Li Fang, Ni Hu, Ding Li
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750685
The linear kernel-driven model combines the advantage of empirical models and physical models. With the simple form
which is convenience for inversion, it is widely used in bidirectional reflectance and land surface albedo research. At
present, the kernels are expressed as function of incident and viewing geometry, not related to wavelength. With the
support of spectrum database, we make use of the a priori knowledge of the soil and leaf spectrum to derive the new
kernel function by rewriting the LiSparse kernel and the RossThick. After adding wavelength into kernels as driven
variable, the weights of kernel or we call it kernel coefficients are independent from wavelength. The weight of kernels
or describes the relationship between the pixel and sub pixel and can be used to built forward model to caculate short
wave albedo. We retrieved kernel weights with the measured BRDF of winter wheat canopy. Results show that the
weights of the kernels are solely related with the canopy structure, and the inversion results with multi-band data are
much more stable than that with single band data when numbers of angular samples are limited.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750766
Based on gray and texture features of remote sensing (RS) image, a new method of textural combined association rules
mining is proposed in this paper. According to the spectrum features of pixels of image, all the pixels constructing the
textural RS image and all the texture cells have relationships between each other. This is premise of mining association
rules in image. In order to mine the textural association rules in RS image, each image can be seen one transaction, and
frequent patterns can be mined. If image data mining drills down to pixel level, each pixel or its neighborhood can be
seen one transaction too, and data mining was processed in all the transactions. In textural image, the frequent patterns
are texture cells in fact. Because of different size of texture cells, multi-levels and multi-masks data mining was studied.
Based on definition of image association rules, one association rule represents the local structure of RS image, and the
support s% and confidence c% denote the possibility of the pattern. The experimental results validate that the combined
association rules can represent the regular texture, and can represent the irregular texture perfectly too. By the combined
association rules we can accomplish image segmentation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750821
Recently, the developments of multi-parameter SAR systems are so fast. Those images are of multi-bands,
multi-polarizations, multi-look-angles, multi-resolutions and multi-swaths and so on respectively in order to meet the
different needs from ocean, atmosphere and land users. The safeties and operations for the ships over sea surface offer
important supports based on real detection from satellite SAR. So, Satellite SAR remote sensing methodology is of great
potential for monitoring ships.
The research areas of the paper include satellite SAR developing states and its progresses, SAR imaging mechanisms and
studied techniques for ship detection, example research and compare their results by the approach and tradition. The
studies indicate that the monitoring technology for ship provided by the studies is of important application values and
develop potential.
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Chunfang Kong, Kai Xu, Chonglong Wu, Hongbin Deng, Yi Zhang
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750874
Based on analysis of the terrain maps, remote sensing images, statistic data of wetland of Wuhan urban from 1985 to
2005, and with the technology of Remote Sensing (abbr. RS) and Geographic Information System (abbr. GIS), the
wetland landscape spatial database and attribute database of Wuhan urban are set up using ARCGIS software of the year
of 1985, 1995 and 2005. At the same time, according to fractal geometry and landscape ecological methodology and the
theories, we can quantitatively analyze the form characters, evolution rules, and change factors of the wetland landscape
pattern of Wuhan urban by calculating its diversity index, dominance index, equality index, fragmentation index,
isolation index and fractal dimension, and so on. As a result, the wetland's form characters and evolution process of
Wuhan urban are compared and analyzed; its time-spatial evolution character during the past 20 years is demonstrated. In
the end, some advice will be given that human beings should adjust land-use structure in lake districts, reasonably
develop, recover and reconstruct positive eco-environment, and promote its sustainable development in Wuhan urban
according to its ecological environment characteristics.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750901
Objective assessment on remote sensing image registration is very difficult for ground truth is rarely available and
remote sensing images are extremely complex. Little work has been done to solve this problem. In this paper, we
propose an objective and quantitative evaluation approach based on the registration curves. The speed of convergence is
measured by the ratio of half amplitude to half-bind width, and the robustness is measured by the curvature variation.
Experimental results indicate that our method is valid.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750940
The problem about reference grid data's overlarge spacing, which makes deviated estimation of un-surveyed points and
poor accuracy of correlation positioning, has been embarrassing Geophysical Fields of the Earth (GFE) referenced
navigation research. The super-resolution images reconstruction methods in remote sensing field give some inspiration,
and its brief method, Maximum A-Posterior (MAP) based on Bayesian theory, is transplanted on grid data. The proposed
algorithm named MAP-G can implement interpolation of reference data field by reflecting whole distribution trend.
Comparison with traditional interpolation algorithms and simulation experiments on underwater terrain/gravity-aided
navigation platform, indicate that MAP-G algorithm can effectively improve navigation's performance.
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Shumin Liu, Xingfa Gu, Hongyou Liang, Feiming Wei, Yang Dong
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750971
Remote sensing images of rugged areas are severely affected by the topographic effects. Usually, the effects can cause
plenty of shades in the images and result in a high variation in the reflectance response for similar vegetation types.
Accordingly, these effects will strongly affect the quality of vegetation classification. In general, the irradiance which a
slope accepts contains three parts: the direct solar irradiance, the diffuse sky irradiance and the irradiance from adjacent
terrain. But the area facing away from the sun cannot accept the direct solar irradiance. The C correction method which
takes into accounts the effects of the atmosphere and adjacent terrain has become a popular method for topographic
correction. But the C corrected image has a problem of overcorrection, especially in the area of high incidence angles,
since this method is based on the empirical linear correlation between observed radiance and the cosine values of solar
incidence angles. In this paper, an improved C correction method is proposed to reduce this error and improve the
accuracy of classification.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751023
Web map is the hybrid of map and the World Wide Web (known as Web). It is usually created with WebGIS techniques.
With the rapid social development, web maps oriented the public are facing pressure that dissatisfy the increased
demanding. The geocoding database plays a key role in supporting query services effectively. The traditional geocoding
method is laborious and time-consuming. And there is much online spatial information, which would be the
supplementary information source for geocoding. Therefore, this paper discusses how to improve query services by web
mining. The improvement can be described from three facets: first, improving location query by discovering and
extracting address information from the Web to extend geocoding database. Second, enhancing the ability of optimum
path query of public traffic and buffer query by spatial analyzing and reasoning on the extended geocoding database.
Third, adjusting strategies of collecting data according to patterns discovered by web map query mining. Finally, this
paper presents the designing of the application system and experimental results.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751047
Water depth of the shallow water area can be reflected in SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery and TM imagery.
The water depth can be detected by SAR and by TM. The water depth SAR detection is based on the mathematical
model describing the movement of tidal current and the interaction between the Radar's microwave and the micro-scale
waves in the sea surface. The water depth TM detection is based on the relation between the water depth and the gray
value of TM image. In order to testify the capability of the water depth detection by SAR and by TM, one area in Taiwan
Shoal, which locates in 118.55°~118.75°E, 23.0°~23.3°N, is taken as the study area for the water depth detection by
SAR and by TM. The detection results shows that SAR image and TM image also can be used in the water depth
detection, but the detection results by SAR is better than by TM and the largest water depth detected by SAR is larger
than by TM. The water depth TM detection result based on several typical real water depths includes the large-scale
information of underwater topography, and this can be used in the water depth SAR detection as the initial water depth.
A new water depth detection method combing SAR image, TM image and several typical real water depths is concluded.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751123
In this paper, a shape saliency measure for only shape feature of each object in the image is described. Instead
biologically-inspired bottom-up Itti model, the dissimilarity is measured by the shape feature. And, Fourier descriptor is
used for measuring dissimilarity in this paper. In the model, the object is determined as a salient region, when it is far
different from others. Different value of the saliency is ranged to generate a saliency map. It is shown that the attention
shift processing can be recorded. Some results from psychological images and remote sensing images are shown and
discussed in the paper.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751561
This article brings forward the concept of personalized remote sensing informational product and presents a new
approach for generating personalized remote sensing informational product. Then Personalized Remote Sensing
Informational Product Generation Service System's framework, composition and function and the system's working
theory is introduced. And the system's development state and future work are also described simply at the end of the
article. The system is based-on remote sensing ontology and semantic web services technology to build intelligent
informational product generation environment. The system's idea on how to achieve remote sensing knowledge's deep
sharing also fits other domains.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751167
Storm Surge is one kind of serious natural disasters coming from the sea, for the sudden reduction in atmospheric
pressure and the destruction of the following strong winds, it often imposes huge damage on coastal regions. Many
systems have been developed for the simulation and prediction of storm surges in the last decade. Though they have
powerful simulating and calculating capability, it is far from enough to research on the way to express spatio-temporal
data and provide the interactive visualized analysis efficiently and thoroughly. GIS as an effective tool could visualize
temporal and spatial processes and analyze spatial data. Thus the way to integrate Storm Surge prediction system with
GIS would be helpful to resolve the upper problem. According to the characteristic of Taiwan Strait, a validated
numerical mode for storm surge along Fujian coast was selected. Using the data acquired from observation stations and
applying a new visualizing technique for multi-dimensional data, we developed a fast forecasting and warning system.
Based on a symmetry spiral coordinate system, this visualizing model for multi-dimensional data utilizes the unique
rotation factor and the symmetrical projection feature of spiral line, arrange each dimensional data along spatial and
symmetrical spiral line. The observations obtained along Fujian coastal region in 2006 are verified and simulated by the
visualized analyzing system.
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Yaoting Wang, Qiao Wang, Weidong Liu, Yingchun Wang
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774760
The first band of two landsat5/TM high resolution images are used in an effort to assess spatial distribution of aerosol by
structure function method based on the contrast reduction method, and spatial distribution of the same day air visibility
was calculated and analyzed in the greater Beijing area in the paper. In addition, a new judgment method of 'optimal
distance index' was proposed. Results show that the concentration spatial distribution of aerosols in Beijing can be
described semi-quantitatively by the structure function methods. In the end, the causations of the pollution were analyzed
and the limitations and improvements need to be done were discussed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751584
We revisited texture saliency, took it to color images, introduced it to airborne remote sensing image processing and then
deduced an objective evaluation to local and global saliency. We proposed a model to implement saliency computation,
decomposed input image into three channels, cut down the computational expense to the lowest level, extracted texture
saliency from the different channels respectively, combined them in an innovative way, and then detected the saliency
hierarchy. Distinct from previous approaches in the domain, our method based on biological model and had clear
physical meaning. Our method could robustly work no matter how complex the input images were.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751112
In this paper we use human visual attention mechanism to extract salient objects from remote sensing image. Different
from previous methods, this method just uses bottom-up features of the input image to compute saliency map. From the
saliency map we get the information about the salient object area. Guided by the saliency map, we can extract salient
object from remote image. We apply this method to remote sensing image, and the experiment shows this method gets
satisfying result.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751491
Data fusion techniques of pixel level are widely used to integrate a lower spatial resolution multi-spectral image with a
higher spatial resolution panchromatic image. Four data fusion techniques, smoothing filter-based intensity modulation
(SFIM), high pass-filter transform (HPT), wavelet transform (WT) and multiplication transform (MT), are adapted to
fuse low spatial resolution multi-spectral data and panchromatic image of Quick-Bird sensor. The visual evaluation and
quantitative analysis results show that HPT and MT models provide relatively higher spatial frequency information
gaining from panchromatic channel while SFIM provides the best spectral information preservation between merged
production and original multi-spectral image.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774761
A novel method of wavelet transform image fusion based on regional variance is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the source image is decomposed into four sub-images with wavelet transform. Then, their regional variances of each sub-image are calculated, and different fusion rules depending on local variance are applied. Finally, the whole fusion image can be obtained through inverse wavelet transform. Compared with the image fusion based on conventional wavelet transform, regional variance becomes the depending factor in the image fusion method. It effectively distinguishes the influence on image fusion with different frequencies of source images. The experiment results show that the proposed method is not only better than some conventional methods of image fusion but also have universality.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67902Z (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742783
Routing design is a convenient and effective way to ensure the safety of the navigation in dynamic uncertain
environments. This study presents a novel routing design algorithm using rolling time frame method combined with the
traditional Artificial Potential Field (APF) algorithm. By periodically collecting the environmental information and
mobile obstacles situation with rolling time frame method, the proposed algorithm is capable of predicting the
distribution of obstacles got by the ship assistant equipments so as to design the navigational routes to accommodate to
the dynamic uncertain environments. The practical stimulation results indicate that the algorithm can help the ships
effectively avoid the mobile obstacles in dynamic uncertain environments.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679030 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.745999
A uav-based system equiped with a non-metric camera for low altitude photogrammetric applications was introduced in
this paper. The system is very inexpensive since it utilizes readily available unmanned airplane and common non-metric
digital cameras. Aim of the paper is to give solutions to problems derived from the image processing. In the first step,the
camera parameters of inner orientation and geometric distortions were solved by means of self-calibrating bundle
adjustment with own developed software and the non-metric camera was evaluated. The second part concerntrates on
the aerial triangulation process to deal with high redundant images acquired with the uav-based system. Finally, the
utility of the system for photogrammetric applications was demonstrated with a test flight in China.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679031 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746847
The land information extraction based on remote sensing are the first step to establish the dynamic monitoring system of mining area. This paper discusses TM and INSAR images using for the land information extraction reference to current research. Especially the INSAR technique provides a good solution for mine subsidence monitoring. Use multi temporal TM and INSAR images as data source, analyze the main evolution types of land resources, and build land resources classification system for Shenyang mining area in China. On this basis, through the spectral analysis of TM and the texture analysis of INSAR images, research the extraction model of mining land information. With the help of GIS spatial analysis, extract water, building land, vegetation, farmland, and subsidence land from every temporal image and changed information from adjoining, which will provides the data preparation for the future dynamic monitoring and analysis of land resources in mining areas. The techniques and applications in integrated remote sensing and geographic information systems are also discussed. The applications of monitoring subsidence due to underground mining is used to show the process of how GIS analyzes INSAR result and the effectivity of producing results with GIS functions.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679032 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747926
Hyperspectral technique is considered as one promising tool to solve the problems in monitoring optically-complex waters, which can be applied in optical sensors on board bouy, plane and satellite. In order to apply the technique in the in-situ chlorophyll monitoring of estuarine turbid waters, two cruises were carried out in May, 2004 and August, 2006, respectively, in Pearl River Estuary, China. In the cruises, water samples were collected at each sample station, a portable field spectroradiometer was used simultaneously to measure the downwelling sky radiance, and upwelling radiance of water and reference plaque, and the reflectance was calculated out. Further, the original reflectance spectra with 0.38 nm spectral resolution were resampled to 10 nm resolution, and then derivative spectra were processed. The results of correlation analysis between the chlorophyll-a concentrations and derivative spectra indicate that the second derivative spectra especially at 670 nm can be used to estimate chlorophyll-aconcentration of turbid estuarine waters, which suggests a new way for the in-situ chlorophyll measurement in the optically complex waters.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679033 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747955
To monitor growing crops in a large scale is a complicated problem and a satisfied method to know what the way a crop is growing has been sought by the scientists in the field. Remote Sensing was rarely used to monitor growing tobacco with satellitic data. With the development of the sensor, MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) could do well in the field. In this paper, the researched subject is the tobacco planted in the province of Yunnan , China. A method to monitor growing tobacco was experimented with modern spatial technology, which integrated MODIS data and the observation of agronomic parameters of crop growth in order to obtain more exact results. The intergraded method were used to analyze the patterns of normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf area index (LAI) for tobacco from planting to harvest, which proved that the MODIS-LAI was consistent with the measured LAI, and the variety of MODIS-LAI was consistent with the variety of the growth of tobacco. It showed that tobacco growth monitoring using intergraded method is practical, which should be extensively applied in arid land in the Southwest China.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679034 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748831
Land use mapping is one of the major applications of remote sensing. While most studies focus on the advanced remote
sensing thematic classification algorithms for land use mapping, the scale factor in remote sensing data classification was
less recognized. Previous studies showed that while the multi-scale characteristics exist in the remotely sensed data for
land use classification, some classes are mostly accurately classified at finer resolution, and others at coarser ones. Thus,
it is helpful to improve the overall classification accuracy by mapping different land use classes at different scales. In this
paper, a framework for improving the land use classification accuracy by exploiting the multi-scale properties of
remotely sensed data is presented. Firstly, the remotely sensed data at original fine resolution was up-scaled to different
coarser resolutions; Secondly, the up-scaled data were classified by independently trained Maximum Likelihood
Classifier at every resolution, and the corresponding a Posteriori Probability of MLC classification was saved; Thirdly,
the classification results at different resolutions were integrated by comparing the a Posteriori Probability of
classification at every resolution. The final class of pixel was labeled as the class that has the maximum a Posteriori
Probability. A case study on the land use mapping using Landsat TM data using this framework was conducted in the
Dianchi Watershed in Yunnan Province of China. The land use was categorized into 6 classes. The classification accuracy
was assessed using the Confusion Matrix. Comparison between the classification accuracy at multi-scale and that at
original resolution showed an improvement of overall classification accuracy by about 10%. The study showed that by
exploiting the multi-scale properties in the remotely sensed data, the accuracy the land use mapping can be improved
significantly.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679035 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750728
Since different applications have different requests, an already generated DEM does not always suit all the demands of
an application. The objective of DEM generalization is the generation of a smooth surface with a lower resolution than
the original data, which should preserve topographic features and be appropriate for a smaller scale relief presentation. In
this paper, a method of DEM generalization based on analysis of local geometry and landscape context is proposed.
Through three kinds of filtering: low-pass filter, threshold-area-based filter and smoothing filter, the approach get four
steps to generalize the DEM with lower resolution by an iterative (hierarchical) procedure. In this procedure, analysis of
the fundamental landforms is based on a combination of slope gradient and curvature. A case study is put forward to give
the detail explanation. Meantime, its reliability is described from elevation range and contours derived from generalized
DEMs.
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Tingwei Cui, Jie Zhang, Yi Ma, Jing Li, Boonleong Lim, Samad Roslinah
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679036 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750915
Remote sensing technique provides the possibility of rapid and synchronous monitoring in a large area of the water
quality, which is an important element for the aquatic ecosystem quality assessment of islands and coastal zones,
especially for the nearshore and tourism sea area. Tioman Island of Malaysia is regarded as one of ten of the best islands
in the world and attracts tourists from all over the world for its clear sea, beautiful seashore and charming scenery. In this
paper, on the basis of in situ dataset in the study area, distribution discipline of water quality parameters is analyzed to
find that phytoplankton pigment, rather than suspended sediment is the main water quality parameter in the study area;
seawater there is clean but not very oligotrophic; seawater spectra contains distinct features. Then water quality
hyperspectral retrieval models are developed based on in situ data to calculate the chlorophyll a concentration ([chl-a]),
transparency (SD) with satisfactory performance. It's suggested that model precision should be validated further using
more in-situ data.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679037 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774762
With the rapid development of remote sensing technology and the current diversity of new sensors, we can get more and
more multi-source remote sensing data in the same area. It is the key to match those remote sensing data in wide
application. And most current methods of registering remote sensing imagery require human involvement, so, there is a
need for automated techniques in the remote sensing area. Especially the multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing
data call for new demands for automated techniques. In this paper, the authors proposed a feature matching approach
based on improved SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) for remote sensing imagery registration. In this method, the
feature mainly is the specific characteristic of the remote sensing imagery. The experiment results using this automatic
remote sensing registration method indicate that the improved descriptors are more distinctive and robust, which results
in a higher matching performance and a better matching efficiency.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679038 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750942
The term conflation is used as a superset of all kinds of integral approaches to combining heterogeneous geospatial data,
aiming for synergism in geospatial information processes, thus added values in resultant information products. A
coherent strategy for conflation is built upon an evaluation of spatial data models, which include discrete objects that are
geo-referenced by position and associated with some qualitative and/or quantitative attributes, and fields that are
continuous or discrete in terms of the scale of measurement. Regardless of whether positional errors or errors in fields
are concerned, they can be conceived of as being realizations of regionalized random variables. Therefore, multivariate
geostatistics provides a straightforward framework for conflation of spatial data. Scale is an important metric in spatial
data, which can be handled in co-kriging procedures by incorporating block-support variograms derived from point-support
variograms, functioning as either downscaling or upscaling depending on the interaction between the existing
data and the information or analysis required. The methods for scale-dependent manipulation and cross-scale integration
of multi-source data will be described, followed by some discussions.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679039 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751051
Image registration plays a critically important role in many practical problems in diverse fields. A new object-oriented
image matching algorithm is presented based on the convexity model (CM) and full-scale image segmentation. The core
idea of this matching algorithm is to use image objects as matching unit rather than points or lines. This algorithm firstly
converts images into image objects trees by full-scale segmentation and convexity model restriction. Because image
objects which accord with the convexity model have rich and reliable statistical information and stable shapes, more
characteristics can be used in object-based image matching than pixel-based image matching. Initial experiments show
that matching algorithm proposed in this paper is not sensitive to rotation and resolution distortion, which can
accomplish the image matching and registration automatically.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751187
With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the available amount of remote sensing data collected by
various sensors is increasing at a tremendous rate during the last decade. The large volume and high complexity of
remote sensing data make the effective management and processing of mass remote sensing data a difficult technical
challenge. We design and implement a prototype system named RSDPS-G (Remote Sensing Data Processing Software
based on Grid), which using the Grid technologies to provide an "open platform" for handling computing resources,
data and processing services for mass remote sensing data processing. The remote sensing data management, especially
data discovery and data integration, is one of the most important components of the RSDPS-G, due to the large volume
and high heterogeneities of remote sensing data on Grid. However the current methods of remote sensing data
management is only at the syntactic metadata level, thus can't address the semantic heterogeneity and interoperability
challenges. In this paper, we present a framework for semantic discovery and integration of remote sensing data, which
solving semantic heterogeneity and interoperability issues in remote sensing data management on Grid.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751171
Earlier research has discussed the concept of discriminant space and its applications in area-class mapping and
uncertainty characterization. Both simple univariate cases with b=1 (b being the dimension of the discriminant space)
and multivariate cases with b>1 were analyzed with simulated and real data sets, respectively. This paper describes
combined use of generalized linear models and kriging for scalable area-class mapping, with the former deterministically
predicting mean class responses and the latter making use of spatially correlated residuals in the predictive class models.
Scalability in area-class mapping is facilitated by scale-dependent prediction of mean class responses and kriging of the
residuals over specific gridding cells. The methodology was implemented with topographic data and Landsat TM
imagery concerning land cover mapping in central western Montana, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed
strategy combining regression and kriging for scalable mapping of area classes.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751283
A new adaptive remote sensing image fusion classification based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is presented.
This method uses a limited number of prototypes as items of evidence, which is automatically generated by modified
Fuzzy Kohonen Clustering Network (FKCN). The class fuzzy membership of each prototype is also determined using
reference pattern set. For each input vector a basic probability assignment (BPA) function are computed based on these
distances and on the degree of membership of prototypes to each class. And lastly this evidence is combined using
Dempster's rule. This proposed method can be implemented in a modified FKCN with specific architecture consisting of
one input layer, a prototype layer, a BPA layer, a combination and output layer, and decision layer. The experimental
results show that the excellent performance of classification as compared to existing FKCN and basic DS fusion
techniques.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751043
There is a rapid increase of remote sensing images in the repositories. While for certain purposes, we just need the region
of interest (ROI). In this paper, SIFT is applied for feature extraction, descriptor generation and point matching with
strict criterions to locate ROI. With the robust matching pairs of points, a simple approach for computing scale, rotation
and translation separately is proposed. To solve the parameters, we introduce an improved RANSAC algorithm with two
cost functions to achieve rapid computation efficiency. The method for ROI localization and designation performs great
in a series of experiments and satisfying results can be seen.
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Junmin Meng, Jie Zhang, Changying Wang, Jungang Yang
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751335
A ship field truthing experiment is designed and conducted in coast off Qingdao sea area. In the experiment a working
boat equipped with Differential Global Position System receivers and anemometer navigating in experiment area to
acquire vessel's location, length, width, type and sea surface wind speed. The ship detector based on constant false alarm
rate (CFAR) is applied in the simultaneously acquired ASAR image. Ship length is retrieved from ASAR image and
compared with field data. Ship's SAR imaging characteristic is analyzed based on field data and ASAR image.
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Hao Chen, Lijun Chen, Jiatian Li, Thomas P. Albright, Qinfeng Guo
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751358
Biological invasion has been one of the most dramatic ecological even in human history that threatens our economy,
public health and ecological integrity. GIS and Remote Sensing technology should be integrated with spatial data mining
to recognize the patterns of invasive species over space and time and predict the distribution at the large-scale. Presented
with the challenge of problems during the prediction modeling including the uncertainty in biodiversity data, the
uncertainty in model selection, and the uncertainty in niche cross the geographic space, this paper used information-theoretic
approaches based on a set of GIS/RS environment layers to generate two kinds of species invasion warning
models: global species invasion warning model (G-SIWM) and local species invasion warning model (L-SIWM) and
illustrated the approach through a habitat-suitability analysis of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751479
The quantity and quality of features detected from images are important to feature-based registration. The SIFT
descriptor has been proven to be one of the most robust local invariant feature to common geometric deformations. To
enhance the effectiveness of this method, this paper focuses on studying an improvement version of the SIFT descriptor
via extending the gray level distribution automatically at the cost of discarding the points with levels approach the
maximum and minimum of the whole grey level, and applying it to image registration with the robust estimator method
of PERANSAC and a stricter NND threshold. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach can not
only add the descriptors extracted with the same parameters, but also improved the match ratio simultaneously. The
improved method is also robust to different image transformations and matching threshold.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751621
In this paper a new speckle reduction method for multi-polarisation Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is proposed by
using a constrained-variational model. Variational method is a new technique for SAR speckle removal. In this paper, we
generalize the variational method from single-polarisation SAR into multi-polarisation SAR. For a given multi-polarisation
SAR, we could define an energy functional. The energy evolves as the original image changes. When the
energy reaches its minimum, the corresponding image is regarded as the desired result. In each channel of the multi-polarisation
SAR, the speckle follows a Gamma law with mean μ = 1 and variance σ2 = 1/M for M-look SAR. This
statistical information is used to construct the energy functional. Our energy is a regularization term, which is the integral
for the norm of image gradient, with constraints coming from each channel. Then we use the variational
method and heat flow method to obtain the minimizer of the energy. A three-intensity image (|HH|2, |HV|2 and |VV|2) is
used to demonstrate our algorithm. Numerical experiment shows a promising result.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751656
By using the GIS technologies, we interpolate the site-based meteorological data into climatic surface data, which are the
main input parameters for the CropWat model, used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). And then by
combining the ET0 with the information on share of cultivated land decoded from the Landsat TM/ETM digital imagines
covering the entire case study area, the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, we estimate the amount of irrigation water requirements
(IWRs) in the years of 1991 and 2000. We then introduce the potential yield (PY) of cultivated land estimated from the
Estimation Model for the Agricultural Productivity Potential (EMAPP) to explore the relationship between the IWRs and
the PY . By conducting GIS-based spatial overlay analyses, we explore the positive correlation relationship between the
IWRs and the PY of cultivated land. Finally, we conclude that the IWRs is now a constrain factor on the PY of cultivated
land in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain in those areas with the irrigation water constrains. The result has offered a scientific
basis for the decision makings in the exploitation and utilization of resources and energy as well as the land use planning,
protection of the potential yields and the managements of irrigation water at the regional level.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751666
The degradation of alpine cold meadow in the source region of the Yangtze River and Yellow River has been causing very serious ecological and social economic problems. To study degradation of alpine cold meadow in the headwater region from 1994 to 2006, Remote Sensing and the machine learning approach was used. Firstly, a classification system, considering the dynamic evolution process of alpine meadow, was offered. Secondly, the support vector machines approach was introduced into classification of satellite remote sensing images. The experiment results show that, the introduced classification system can express dynamic process of alpine cold meadow degradation efficiently; SVM has obtained better precision than minimum distance and maximum likelihood methods for TM images interpretation. Furthermore, the research indicates that degradation of the alpine cold meadow was most marked from 1994 to 2006, and the area of BS&BR land has expanded rapidly.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751667
The main problem of aerial image classification is how to classify with robust and high precision at present. Therefore, a new approach of the aerial image classification based on the weighted Mean Shift is proposed in this paper. The kernel density function's local maximum is found by the weighted Mean Shift filter of pixels in feature space using resamplying strategy, and the neighborhood data points are shifted to the local maximum of the region, in which the same course is implemented repeatedly to all the pixels in image. Then the classification image is got by fusing each cluster region.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751754
In order to improve the efficiency of oil spill detection with wavelet analysis according to SAR image, a 2-D self-adapted scale and wavelet construction algorithm is designed. The self-adapted two-dimension scale function and wavelet is constructed according to oil spill SAR image with the construction algorithm. Original oil spill SAR image is processed with the constructed self-adapted scale and wavelet. The oil spill range is extracted exactly. In the SAR image procession, the scale and wavelet is correlative with the learning SAR image. In accordance with different learning image, different suitable scale and wavelet can be constructed self-adaptively, and multiresolution is avoided, the SAR image procession can be in real time.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752008
Urban land use/cover mapping is very important and it is the base of further urban analysis and research. Whereas urban land use/cover mapping of using remotely sensed images having medium spatial resolution presents numerous challenges due to the intensive heterogeneity of urban landscapes. In order to solve the above challenges and improve the accuracy of urban land cover/use mapping, we proposed a novel approach. Firstly, fraction image is attained based on spectral mixture analysis, and normalized MNF image is gained based on spectral normalization of the origin image and MNF transform. Secondly, combination image is produced based on fraction image and normalized MNF image. Finally, we performed decision tree classification to the combination image and gained urban land use/cover mapping. An ETM+ image acquired in 2001 was used as data source and Nanjing City, China was selected as study area. The accuracy of classification result was validated using IKONOS images of the study area acquired in 2000 and was compared with the other three classification schemes. Results show that this decision tree classification scheme based on the combination image of fraction image and normalized MNF image is superior to the other classification schemes evidently.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752139
Since continuously, the researches on the relation between the land cover change and the climate change were in the
way of statistics and data comparing. This article has made the attempt to discover the relation in the way of map
contrast. Based on the modis EVI data, the article created land cover maps and land cover change map. Compared with
the land cover change map, the temperature change map shows the similar data distribution characteristics. On the other
hand, the changes of the humidity and precipitation do not show the similar distribution pattern through the visual
contrast.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752733
In the paper, image pyramid is employed to detect terrain changes and update terrain data step by step. Low-resolution
new image and old DEM are used to quickly acquire elementary detection results by VLL matching at first. The result
may contain many pseudo changes. And then it switches to high-resolution new image to improve and verify the
elementary results with stricter matching and detecting conditions such as more exact template size or thresholds. All
changed parts are detected and updated to obtain up-to-date terrain data. Experimental result shows that terrain change
detection and updating based on VLL matching can achieve updating accuracy with 84.22% and RMSE of 1.6386m.
However, terrain change detection and updating with image pyramid can achieve updating accuracy with 84.44% and
RMSE of 1.6413m, and it obviously improves the accuracy. It can make conclusions that terrain change detection and
updating based on VLL matching is a highly automatic and practical approach to detect terrain changes and update DEM
simultaneously. Terrain change detection and updating with image pyramid can efficiently improve the results of
updating and make the approach more applicable.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774763
How to perform initial match is a key problem of automatic image matching. This paper proposes a point pattern matching algorithm to match two point sets coarsely using affine invariants, area ratio of adjacent triangles. Its process is to constitute triangulated irregular network (TIN) by point sets, search the homonymous triangles by area ratio and affine transformation equations, and then establish initial mapping relations between two point sets, finally use least square matching to match them accurately. Experiments show that it can match two affine transformation point sets automatically without manpower-intervention and other auxiliary information.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.741698
This paper proposed a theoretical framework for the networked storage system addressing the storage security. The immune system is an adaptive learning system, which can recognize, classify and eliminate 'non-self' such as foreign pathogens. Thus, we introduced the artificial immune technique to the storage security research, and proposed a full theoretical framework for storage security system. Under this framework, it is possible to carry out the quantitative evaluation for the storage security system using modeling language of artificial immune system (AIS), and the evaluation can offer security consideration for the deployment of networked storage system. Meanwhile, it is potential to obtain the active defense technique suitable for networked storage system via exploring the principle of AIS and achieve a highly secure storage system with immune characteristic.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774764
Embedded zerotree (EZW) and Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) coding, introduced by J.M. Shapiro and Amir Said, are very effective and being used in many fields widely. In this study, brief explanation of the principles of SPIHT was first provided, and then, some improvement of SPIHT algorithm according to experiments was introduced. 1) For redundancy among the coefficients in the wavelet region, we propose differential method to reduce it during coding. 2) Meanwhile, based on characteristic of the coefficients' distribution in subband, we adjust sorting pass and optimize differential coding, in order to reduce the redundancy coding in each subband. 3) The image coding result, calculated by certain threshold, shows that through differential coding, the rate of compression get higher, and the quality of reconstructed image have been get raised greatly, when bpp (bit per pixel)=0.5, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of reconstructed image exceeds that of standard SPIHT by 0.2~0.4db.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742206
This paper designed a bubble recognition system which was based on back light-scattering of bubbles in wake of ships, studied imaging characteristics of remote bubbles, and used technologies of imaging processing and target recognition to analyze CCD images of bubbles' back light-scattering so as to study the influence of bubbles and bubble density for back light-scattering. And then, based on scattering theory and theory of multiple light scattering, the light scattering properties of bubbles in wake were analyzed by simulation. Both the results of simulation and imaging processing technology validated that it was feasible to use the light wake homing bombs.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.742752
The structure and evolution of "blue Lees" typhoon are studied with the Doppler radar and satellite data. Remote sensing data reveal more information about the eye of typhoon, the cloud phase state, the high cloud and low cloud. Especially, the ozone data could give the useful message to distinguish the high and low cloud. We also obtain the atmosphere temperature profile using MODIS products derived from NASA, and compare with the sounding data, the results show that they are quite consistent.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774765
Multimedia authentication techniques are used to prove the originality of received multimedia content and to detect malicious tampering. In this paper, we extend the Lin's theorem and utilize Fridrich's Two-Dimensional Chaotic Maps to propose a new video/audio verify scheme. Different from most previous works, the single watermarking is used for authenticating two kinds combined multimedia in the new scheme. This method accepts appropriate MPEG compression while detecting malicious content tampering. Because the watermark has just only been added into video or audio signal, there is no distortion in audio block or video frame. So this method can be also used for some special purpose, such as military or medical.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.743539
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a communication or control system in which the user's messages or commands do not depend on the brain's normal output channels. The key step of BCI technology is to find a reliable method to detect the particular brain signals, such as the alpha, beta and mu components in EEG/ECOG trials, and then translate it into usable control signals. In this paper, our objective is to introduce a novel approach that is able to extract the discriminative pattern from the non-stationary EEG signals based on the common spatial patterns(CSP) analysis combined with kernel methods. The basic idea of our Kernel CSP method is performing a nonlinear form of CSP by the use of kernel methods that can efficiently compute the common and distinct components in high dimensional feature spaces related to input space by some nonlinear map. The algorithm described here is tested off-line with dataset I from the BCI Competition 2005. Our experiments show that the spatial filters employed with kernel CSP can effectively extract discriminatory information from single-trial EGOG recorded during imagined movements. The high recognition of linear discriminative rates and computational simplicity of "Kernel Trick" make it a promising method for BCI systems.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.743637
In this paper a infrared target detection algorithm is presented. The algorithm combines wavelet transformation and high order statistics for signal detection. The method can remove noise interference and enhance infrared target region pixel. The result shows that the method performs better than traditional infrared picture processing method in the low SNR case.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774766
The study chose Terra MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data over the Tibetan Plateau and its
adjacent area during June 10 and August 28, 2004 to derive albedo with compositive inversion and full inversion. Results
revealed that compositive inversion could further increase retrieval capability under the case of insufficient clear
observations and greatly improve spatial continuousness of albedo over the study area; accuracy of retrievals with
compositive inversion was fairly equivalent to those with magnitude inversion, excluding area where was large and
without any clear observations; actual albedo distribution of the same kind of land-cover type over the study area was
rather broad for the reason of its complex terrain. There is great promise for compositive inversion for further
application.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774767
In this study Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference (OIRD) technique, a recent developed label-free detection, is applied to image biomolecular microarrays. Compared to the currently widely used fluorescence-dependent optical microscopy, OIRD technique not only images the morphology of protein bio-arrays in the absence of extrinsic labeling molecules but also monitors the changes in the optical properties of biochips in high-throughput fashion. Additionally, such a technique complements other label-free detections including Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) by offering the opportunity to detect biochemical activities without the special requirements on the substrate or the specific matrix medium. It is shown in this article that the surface topography can be reflected by OIRD method. Besides, the differences among printing concentrations and various proteins are able to be identified as well. Incidentally, the OIRD images appear to be useful aids to distinguish the variations resulting from antibody-antigen capture. Both the imaginary and real parts of OIRD images we presented provide more information than the single imaginary one especially. On the basis of the scattering mechanism, the absorptive properties of protein molecules are analyzed through the real part of OIRD signal. Accordingly, OIRD technique shows its unique potential in detection of biochemical processes.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67903Z (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.746860
Using the daily precipitation data from March to May of 88 stations from 1951 to 2004 in the karst region of Yunnan and
Guizhou plateau (KRYGP), the indexes of the spring drought intensity (ISDI) are calculated. The temporal series of the
ISDI are analyzed by Morlet wavelet. The complex multi-time scale structure of the ISDI variation is studied. The results
show that the ISDI sequence variations have the discontinuity points and apparent 22-, 3- and 2- yearly periods, with
2-yearly as the most pronounced period. The drought degree will get lighter (heavier) in extra-heavy and severe drought
regions (medium and light drought ones) by 2-yearly period forecast. We also study the spring drought's spatial and
temporal feature, circulation forms.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679040 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.747843
To deal with the time-consuming problem in the fractal coding, a novel method based on the region competition strategy is introduced to improve the speed of fractal coding effectively. This strategy adopted can discover the optimal affine matching block and the optimal affine transformation of each range block, improving some affine ones with bigger error. Experiments on still life image, fractal image and remote sensing image show that the proposed scheme reduces the compression time and obtains the approximate reconstruction fidelity while it has the same compression ratios as that of adaptive quad-tree partitioned fractal coding.
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Weizhong Liu, Wentao Yang, Zhuoming Feng, Xuecheng Zou
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679041 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774768
A digital image-watermarking algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domain is presented by utilizing chaotic CDMA technique in this paper. As a popular and typical transmission technique, CDMA has many advantages such as privacy, anti-jamming and low power spectral density, which can provide robustness against image distortions and malicious attempts to remove or tamper with the watermark. A super-hybrid chaotic map, with good auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics, is adopted to produce many quasi-orthogonal codes (QOC) that can replace the periodic PN-code used in traditional CDAM system. The watermarking data is divided into a lot of segments that correspond to different chaotic QOC respectively and are modulated into the CDMA watermarking data embedded into low-frequency amplitude coefficients of FRFT domain of the cover image. During watermark detection, each chaotic QOC extracts its corresponding watermarking segment by calculating correlation coefficients between chaotic QOC and watermarked data of the detected image. The CDMA technique not only can enhance the robustness of watermark but also can compress the data of the modulated watermark. Experimental results show that the watermarking algorithm has good performances in three aspects: better imperceptibility, anti-attack robustness and security.
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Shufang Tian, Jianping Chen, Ming Jiang, Xiaoqiang Zhang
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679042 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774769
This article gives a concept about weak signal information of archaic relic with the help of remote sensing technique, and summarizes some main methods of that. Taking Sanxingdui site for example, we execute serials of image interpretation to summarize weak signal information about archaic relic. We have made some important progress in understanding of the old Sanxingdui city, at the same time we think Sanxingdui has two cities, one is outside city, and the other is inside city.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679043 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774770
The discrete Hartley transform(DHT) is a real-valued transform that directly maps a real-valued sequence to a real-valued spectrum. Compared with the discrete Fourier transform(DFT), DHT requires less memory space and the computation complexity. To further speed the implementation of DHT, the lifting scheme is introduced the fast Hartley transform algorithm. The lifting scheme is employed which was originally developed to build second generation wavelet. It approximates the float-point operation by integer multiplications and additions with less loss. In this paper, the DHT and its fast algorithm are briefly reviewed, and the lifting scheme is introduced and the multiplierless FHT is constructed. Experiment results verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679044 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774771
This paper proposed a new implementation of error tuning algorithm based on the posterior diagnosis of variational assimilation system by applying a iterative fixed-point procedure. The method is shown to be feasible in a practical tuning of background and observation error for operational variational assimilation. The iteration process converges very rapidly and the results are reasonable .The results are illustrated by utilizing the Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA) new generation of NWP system GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation PrEdiction System) regional-meso version over the East Asia domain. The impacts of the tuning of background and satellite radiances observation error on analyses and forecasts are shown and discussed. The results are very promising.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679045 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748180
Rapidly development of technique causes big problem on the security of digital product. The digital signature technique and watermarking technique are common used solution, but hidden security trouble is still existed. A new biometric watermarking scheme is proposed for property protecting and digital product owner identification. The scheme adopts the iris of digital product holder as watermark, which has the advantage of uniqueness, stability and impossible been counterfeited, so the security level is improved. In this scheme, we utilize person's iris to generate the watermark, and embed this watermark signal into the host image like certification of consumer or other document. While identifying or verifying the owner of the product, we first extract and reconstruct the watermark, then compare the watermark (i.e. the iris image) with the field collected iris image to verify authority. Because there is a direct relationship between the certification holder and the credentials; the reliability is improved greatly.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679046 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748378
Correlation denoising could distinguish noisy and signal coefficients by the correlation degree and thus retain more right edge. But there is a strict requirement to unerring locations. The nonsubsampled contourlet (NSCT) is a shift-invariant directional multiresolution image representation and overcomes the disadvantage of wavelet, the nonoptimal basis for one-dimensional singularity. For the shift-invariance, it could not only preserve more edge details than contourlet but also satisfy the above requirement of correlation denosing. Thus, to combine threshold denoising, we present a novel inter-scale correlation and threshold combination denosing model of NSCT (ISCTC-NSCT). The simulation results have shown that the performance of the above method is superior both in signal to noise ratio (SNR) and edge preservation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679047 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748553
Audio data hiding is an important branch of information hiding technology. In this paper, a novel digital audio data
hiding scheme, which hides secret message into audio signals, including telephone speech, wideband speech, and
wideband audio, is proposed. The advantage of this scheme is its fully utility of the perceptual masking effect of Human
Audio System (HAS). Before the secret message embedded into the host signal, it is modulated according to the
perceptual masking characteristic of the host signal. Therefore, it is not easily to detect the hiding message in it. This
scheme also uses the cryptographic techniques before hiding message into host audio signal to ensure security.
Moreover, the extraction of the desired message does not need the host audio signal because of the use of the pseudorandom
sequence. Experimental results show that the embedded audio signal is not easily detected and the bit error of the
blind extracted message is small.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679048 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748606
In this paper, the Theory of the Fractal and Chaos is used for judging whether the kinetic characteristic changes or not, diagnosing whether the fault exists or not. The frequency spectrum is analyzed to find out the reason and the locality of the fault. It is applied in the fault diagnosis and monitoring of the high-speed wire rolling mill, showing a favorable effect.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679049 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748615
Super-resolution technology is used to reconstruct a single high resolution image from a Sequence of low resolution images to try to restore the information outside of the cutoff frequency, so observer can obtain more details and useful information from the acquired images. This paper proposes a new method based on projection onto convex sets, adaptive to subpixel motion estimation, to create a high resolution image from a sequence of lower-resolution motion images. The experiment shows that edge details of the reconstructed image remain very well and more useful information can be obtained form the reconstructed image. But parasitic bellows and noise are still exists and slightly enlarged in somewhere. Generally speaking, the method is robust and effective.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.748632
According to the designed characteristics and demands of aeronautic image compression system, lifting scheme wavelet and SPIHT algorithm was selected as the key part of software implementation, which was introduced with details. In order to improve execution efficiency, border processing was simplified reasonably and SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees) algorithm was also modified partly. The results showed that the selected scheme has a 0.4dB improvement in PSNR(peak-peak-ratio) compared with classical Shaprio's scheme. To improve the operating speed, the hardware system was then designed based on DSP and many optimization measures were then applied successfully. Practical test showed that the system can meet the real-time demand with good quality of reconstruct image, which has been used in an aeronautic image compression system practically.
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Yi-Chin Fang, Bo-Wen Wu, Wei-Tang Lin, Jen-Liung Jon
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774772
Resolution and color are two main directions for measuring optical digital image, but it will be a hard work to integral
improve the image quality of optical system, because there are many limits such as size, materials and environment of
optical system design. Therefore, it is important to let blurred images as aberrations and noises or due to the
characteristics of human vision as far distance and small targets to raise the capability of image recognition with artificial
intelligence such as genetic algorithm and neural network in the condition that decreasing color aberration of optical
system and not to increase complex calculation in the image processes. This study could achieve the goal of integral,
economically and effectively to improve recognition and classification in low quality image from optical system and
environment.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774821
Change point problem is studied in this paper and a statistical inference method is also proposed which can be used to infer whether change points exist, how many change point there are, which kind they are and where they are. A fact is that change point theory is aimed to solve some problems of nonlinear data processing by statistics. This paper establishes a new algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which has self-organizing feature map (SOM) compared with the conventional approach to analyze change point and change degree. Change point can be applied to segment the phases of time series.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749178
Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) is a new audio and video coding standard in China, in which variable block sizes and quarter-pixel motion estimation have been applied to improve coding efficiency. In this paper, an adaptive search range based quarter-pixel search algorithm is proposed to further speed up the encoding process and reduce the computation complexity. Small diamond search and threshold judgment are adopted in this algorithm. Compared to the full sub-pixel search algorithm, experiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the sub-pixel search point by 30.25% on average with the limited performance lose about 0.0093dB. And compared to the fast search algorithm in AVS reference software, experiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the sub-pixel search point by 8.78% on average with the performance achieve a gain up to 0.0221dB.
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Jian Gao, Xinhan Huang, Gang Peng, Min Wang, Xinde Li
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749180
The scale-invariant feature detecting methods always require a lot of computation yet sometimes still fail to meet the real-time demands in robot vision fields. To solve the problem, a quick method for detecting interest points is presented. To decrease the computation time, the detector selects as interest points those whose scale normalized Laplacian values are the local extrema in the nonholonomic pyramid scale space. The descriptor is built with several subregions, whose width is proportional to the scale factor, and the coordinates of the descriptor are rotated in relation to the interest point orientation just like the SIFT descriptor. The eigenvector is computed in the original color image and the mean values of the normalized color g and b in each subregion are chosen to be the factors of the eigenvector. Compared with the SIFT descriptor, this descriptor's dimension has been reduced evidently, which can simplify the point matching process. The performance of the method is analyzed in theory in this paper and the experimental results have certified its validity too.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749184
This paper proposes an active appearance model (AAM) based human computer interface (HCI) to control an intelligent wheelchair (IW), namely, RoboChair. Adaboost is applied as the face detection module, while AAM is used to undertake face tracking task. Inverse compositional image alignment is implemented to fit the trained AAM. Subsequently, an straightforward method is carried out to estimate the face direction by comparing the current face shape to the template face shape, so that the intelligent wheelchair could be actuated just according to the head gestures. A well-designed decision making module is deployed to identify whether AAM is correctly tracking the face at the current frame. Results from simulation experiments show the robustness and veracity of Adaboost face detection, AAM face tracking, and face direction estimation presented. An image sequence of our local desktop simulation is provided to demonstrate its feasibility and reliability.
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Jun Wen, Ling-da Wu, Pu Zeng, Xi-dao Luan, Yu-xiang Xie
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749272
News story segmentation is an important aspect for news video analysis. This paper presents a method for news video story segmentation. Different form prior works, which base on visual features transform, the proposed technique uses audio features as baseline and fuses visual features with it to refine the results. At first, it selects silence clips as audio features candidate points, and selects shot boundaries and anchor shots as two kinds of visual features candidate points. Then this paper selects audio feature candidates as cues and develops different fusion method, which effectively using diverse type visual candidates to refine audio candidates, to get story boundaries. Experiment results show that this method has high efficiency and adaptability to different kinds of news video.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749301
This paper presents a method that utilizes an evolutionary computation to design a hierarchical and off-line route planner for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) coordinated navigation in known static environments. Considering the problem of having a number of UAVs starting from different known initial locations, our approach can produce 3-D trajectories composed by a set of successive navigation points with a desirable velocity distribution along each trajectory, aiming at reaching a predetermined target location, while ensuring collision avoidance either with the environmental obstacles or with the UAVs and satisfying specific route and coordination constraints and objectives. The experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774774
H.264/AVC video coding standard aims to enable to significantly improve compression performance compared to all
existing video coding standards. In order to achieve that, a robust rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique is
employ to select the best coding mode. As a result, the complexity of computation increase drastically, which makes it
difficult for practical applications such as real time video compression. This paper presents a fast mode selection for
intra-prediction based on Pan Algorithm to reduce mode decision complexity. Pan's fast algorithm is effectively to
reduce the complexity, however, such method exists some drawbacks. In this paper, Pan's fast algorithm based on edge
direction histogram is improved; meanwhile, joining the relation of chroma predictive mode and luminance predictive
mode, blocks. Experiment result shows that the algorithm increases the speed of intra-prediction with negligible loss of
peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749353
This paper presents two error concealment (EC) techniques for true 2-D wavelet codec based on set portioning in hierarchal trees (SPIHT), one for the lowest frequency wavelet coefficients (the low-frequency EC) and the other for high frequency coefficients (the high-frequency EC). The low-frequency EC algorithm uses data hiding technique. The low-frequency coefficients, which are taken as the hidden data, are extracted from the compressed bitstream, and embedded back into the same bitstream. The restored hidden data is used to conceal errors. The high-frequency reconstruction is performed in spectral-domain. The damaged high frequency coefficients are predicted through linear interpolation based on inter-subband correlation. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good and stable error resilience performance with minimal additional redundancy.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774795
As a new multiscale geometric analysis tool, second generation bandelets can make full use of intrinsic geometric regularity and provide an optimal representation of the underlying high-dimensional functions adaptively. In this paper, a novel embedded image compression technique is presented, which is based on second generation bandelets and zerotree coding. The method is embedded progressive which can control the actual compression ratio and allow "best" reconstructions during decompression. Objectively, we use peak signal-to-noise ratio and edge preservation properties to measure Image quality. Numerical tests applied on natural images show that compared with other two algorithms, our method provides improvements both in peak signal-to-noise ratio and edge preservation properties. Subjectively, our method avoids visible ringing effects having better image visual fidelity.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774796
The development of practical distributed video coding schemes is based on the consequence of information-theoretic bounds established in the 1970s by Slepian and Wolf for distributed lossless coding, and by Wyner and Ziv for lossy coding with decoder side information. In distributed video compression application, it is hard to accurately describe the non-stationary behavior of the virtual correlation channel between X and side information Y although it plays a very important role in overall system performance. In this paper, we implement a practical Slepian-Wolf asymmetric distributed video compression system using irregular LDPC codes. Moreover, based on exploiting the dependencies of previously decode bit planes from video frame X and side information Y, we present improvement schemes to divide different reliable regions. Our simulation results show improving schemes of exploiting the dependencies between previously decoded bit planes can get better overall encoding rate performance as BER approach zero. We also show, compared with BSC model, BC channel model is more suitable for distributed video compression scenario because of the non-stationary properties of the virtual correlation channel and adaptive detecting channel model parameters from previously adjacent decoded bit planes can provide more accurately initial belief messages from channel at LDPC decoder.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774797
In inversing Leaf Area Index (LAI) from remotely sensed data, the transformation of the remotely sensed data from one kind of resolution to another has become a significant problem because of the heterogeneity in pixel. In this paper, based on an analysis of the reasons for error appearing in LAI inversion, the spatial heterogeneity in pixel was described by semivariance. The following conclusions were obtained from this study: In the study area, the spatial heterogeneity of reeds is caused by both the random element and the extent of spatial self-correlation. These factors can be described by the parameters of semivariogram, i.e., nugget and sill. In a pure pixel, little variation was found between the 30m and 60m scale, which means that the scaling problem for pure pixels may be ignored. However, while the degree of heterogeneity within a pixel increases, the spatial heterogeneity in the pixel with larger scale may be somewhat hided compared with the pixel with smaller scale. Results also showed that valid spatial self-correlation scale of reeds in the study area is within 360m.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774798
In this paper, we present an improved frame layer rate control algorithm for H.264/AVC video coding standard. An important step in many existing rate control algorithms is to determine the target bits for each P frame. In the standard rate control scheme of H.264, the target bit number is a weighted combination of remaining bits and bits calculated from buffer regulation. The problem is that the remaining bits are allocated to all non-coded frames equally. This will cause non-uniform image quality over a video sequence. To overcome this disadvantage, first we define frame complexity ratio (FCratio) as a measure for global frame encoding complexity and then allocate initial target bit according to its FCratio. We define FCratio as a weighted combination of motion complexity and texture complexity which can predict current frame complexity more accurately using the statistics of previously encoded frame and the texture information of current frame. Experiment results show that our improved algorithm can acquire more accurate quantization parameter (QP) for each P frame through the quadratic rate-distortion (R-D) model, achieve an average PSNR gain of about 0.28 dB and meanwhile effectively alleviate the buffer's fluctuating range and frame PSNR variation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749491
To overcome the problem that the video information packet lost occasionally when the video stream transfers in the low dependable
channel, it is absolutely necessary to adopt effective error control technique to recover the false video signal.
According to the multiple-reference frames characteristic of H.264/AVC, this paper improves the traditional boundary
matching algorithm and proposes a multiple-reference frames enhanced weighted boundary matching error concealment
algorithm. The simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm improves the limitations of the traditional
temporal error concealment and decreases the matching distortion contrasting normal single-reference frame boundary matching
algorithm at the condition of strong movement and video scenes switching. Therefore more exact motion
vector would be obtained to restrain the diffusion of video error effectively. Moreover, the improved algorithm run on
decoder end, without any changes of H.264 video stream structure and extra burden in transport channel, and has wide
adaptability in multiple media transmission.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774799
Crop growth monitoring is an important application of remote sensing. However, the crop cultivation area cannot be easily distinguished from other areas in the remote sensing data because of the various types of land cover. Therefore, the crop cultivation area should be extracted before remote sensing data can be used. In this paper, a new method is presented to extract wheat planting region. Two MODIS images representing different times were adopted according to the characteristics of the growth of wheat. The training sets selected in two MODIS images were calculated by backward cloud algorithm to generate the digital features which reflect two disparate qualitative concepts. Next, the membership grade of the NDVI value of each pixel in two MODIS images to the corresponding qualitative concept was computed. Finally, the calculation results of two images were overlapped to extract wheat planting region. Compared with other current methods of crop planting extraction based on color composition and classification, this method excels in higher accuracy, unlimited amounts of images and low workload of choosing training sets which only need to sample the crop region. Therefore, this method is suitable for large-scale crop planting region extraction.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749611
IPTV can be a new service performed on the Internet in that network transmission and streaming media technologies are getting mature. In this paper, IPTV system infrastructure of UTStarcom, key technologies deployed, and applications will be discussed and evaluated. The key technologies to achieve IPTV services include 1) codec and compression; 2) streaming media; and 3) broadband networks and access to such networks. The implementation of Media Switch IPTV system in Harbin CNC city network is also discussed.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774800
3D digital models greatly facilitate the distribution and storage of information. While its copyright protection problems attract more and more research interests. A novel secure digital watermarking algorithm for 3D models is proposed in this paper. In order to survive most attacks like rotation, cropping, smoothing, adding noise, etc, the projection of the model's point set is chosen as the carrier of the watermark in the presented algorithm, in which contains the copyright information as logos, text, and so on. Then projection of the model's point set onto x, y and z plane are calculated respectively. Before watermark embedding process, the original watermark is scrambled by a key. Each projection is singular value decomposed, and the scrambled watermark is embedded into the SVD(singular value decomposed) domain of the above x, y and z plane respectively. After that we use the watermarked x, y and z plane to recover the vertices of the model and the watermarked model is attained. Only the legal user can remove the watermark from the watermarked models using the private key. Experiments are presented in the paper to show that the proposed algorithm has good performance on various malicious attacks.
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Ling Xiong, Jie Ma, Li Zhang, Jin-Wen Tian, Jian Liu
Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749800
Based on the geophysics technology, a gravity gradient-terrain matching submarine navigation approach is proposed in this paper. The submarine's current position obtained by matching the measured gravity gradient data to the prepared gravity gradient reference map is used to correct the inertial navigation system's accumulated error. Although the precision gradiometer is in use, there is no world-wide gravity gradient map. The ocean's gravity gradient data is even scarce. Therefore, a gravity gradient matching navigation system directly utilizing the gravity gradient reference map can't be realized. With the sensitivity of gravity gradient to terrain, the gravity gradient reference map can be computed from the local terrain elevation data and the preparing approach of the gravity gradient map is proposed in detail in the paper. Since the seabed terrain elevation map, especially highly accurate offing terrain elevation map has been pre-surveyed, the location can be actualized through matching the real-time measured gravity gradient data to the prepared gravity gradient reference map. Simulations show that the submarine navigation approach on gravity gradient-terrain matching is feasible and can be put into practice.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.749939
In this paper, the architecture of the system effectiveness is put forward and methods for assessing the effectiveness of the space-based electro-optical imaging system are focused on. And then, we consider a certain scenario, in which a missile aided by an the space-based electro-optical imaging system attacks a ground-based target. The effectiveness evaluation model of the space-based electro-optical imaging system is built. It is important for us to study and analyze effectiveness system of the space-based electro-optical imaging system in attack-defense confrontation. The models can be used to analysis design, evaluating and development of space-based system.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750012
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm which integrates morphological dilation operation to quad-tree coding, the
purpose of doing this is to compensate each other's drawback by using quad-tree coding and morphological dilation
operation respectively. New algorithm can not only quickly find the seed significant coefficient of dilation but also break
the limit of block boundary of quad-tree coding. We also make a full use of both within-subband and cross-subband
correlation to avoid the expensive cost of representing insignificant coefficients. Experimental results show that our
algorithm outperforms SPECK and SPIHT. Without using any arithmetic coding, our algorithm can achieve good
performance with low computational cost and it's more suitable to mobile devices or scenarios with a strict real-time
requirement.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750043
There exist irreconcilable conflict between mass data and network transfer bandwidth in traditional distributed virtual reality (DVR) systems, which has severely limited the widespread application of DVR techniques. In order to solve these problems, a novel DVR system architecture based on streaming techniques is proposed. The topology of this system is a hybrid architecture (using peer-to-peer model to transfer control information, using hierarchy model to transfer data information), which is helpful to overcome the communication bottle-neck, and the object-oriented data structure is also designed to fit for streaming techniques. In order to take full advantage of streaming techniques, multithreading and dynamic buffer can be applied to reduce network time-delay. In this paper, the implements of these techniques are introduced in detail, the result of experiments prove that: the DVR system based on streaming techniques can notably reduce the hardware requirements, increase the client number and decrease the system time-delay, as a result make the internet based desktop DVR system available.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750077
Quantization index modulation is a well-known method used for blind watermarking system. In this paper, a novel QIM watermarking scheme is proposed which is based on the difference of neighboring blocks' DCT coefficients. To implement the algorithm, pixels' permutation is performed to the two neighboring blocks to restrict the difference of their corresponding DCT coefficients to a small range. Then, bits of watermark are embedded into the image by modulating the difference to position or negative value. In order to keep the balance between invisibility and robustness, embedding strength is adjusted adaptively for each embedding position according to the texture masking feature of HVS, which improves the performance of the scheme.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750212
In this paper, an approach for image watermarking based on wavelet multi-resolution decomposition is proposed, which presents a new method of designing quantization pedometers based on wavelet tree structure and image content features. According to the new method, select quantization pedometers adaptively to embed the watermarking into the lowest frequency subband of a wavelet domain image. Meanwhile, the performance of the algorithm is enhanced by using genetic algorithm (GA) to seek relevant parameters and by using GA to ensure the optimal balance between the robustness and invisibility of watermarking. Experimental results show that this algorithm produces a satisfying image quality and delivers a stable performance in image processing.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774809
In this paper, a compressed domain moving object extraction algorithm is proposed for MPEG-2 video stream. It is mainly based on the histogram analysis of motion vectors, which can be easily obtained by partially decoding the MPEG-2 video stream. The whole algorithm framework can be divided into three key steps: motion vector pre-processing, histogram analysis of motion vector and motion vector similarity based region growing for final mask generation. A piecewise cubic hermit interpolation is utilized to form a dense motion field. The outputs of region growing algorithm based on similarity matching are the final segmentation results of moving object. These final segmentation results are further smoothed and interpolated by B-spline curve estimation. Experimental results on several test sequences demonstrate that desirable segmentation results are obtained. The accuracy of segmentation results is improved obviously, nearly to pixel level accuracy because of B-spline curve representation of segmented object. For segmentation efficiency, the processing speed is about 30ms per frame, which can meet the requirements of real time applications.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67904Z (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750642
Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature to face recognition has been gaining interest lately. In this paper, a noval face recognition method based on Local Binary Pattern with Image Euclidean Distance(IMED) was proposed. IMED is first embedded in face images. Then a face image is divided into several blocks (facial regions) from which we extract local binary patterns and construct a global feature histogram that represents both the statistics of the facial micro-patterns and their spatial locations. At last, face recognition is performed using a nearest neighbor classifier in the computed feature space with Chi-Squared as a dissimilarity measure. Experiments show that IMED improve the performance of standard LBP algorithm.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679050 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750796
Multiple reference frame motion compensation is a new feature introduced in H.264/AVC to improve video coding performance. However, the computational cost of multiple reference frame motion estimation, which is in proportion to the number of searched reference frames, is very high. In this paper, a fast multiple reference frame motion estimation method is proposed. The proposed scheme can adjust the search range of every reference frame according to the analysis of the probability of frequently occurring H.264 best reference frame and the best reference frames of neighboring blocks. The speed of the proposed method is faster than the motion search approaches in the reference software while keeping the similar video quality and bit rate. It can do benefit to the real time application of H.264 codec.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679051 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774811
In this paper, we propose a new Non-marking algorithm to calculate the Multi-degree connectivity in Binary Images with noise. In this method we first divide the Image into several grids, by marking the color of the grids. We can filter out the noise from the Image. When scanning the Image, we read the grids instead of pixels. Then, we add the areas which connect each other into the same assemble. By optimizing the process of scan and analysis, this method overcomes the problem of repeating scan and can't process noise Images in the old methods. Besides, the method we proposed can find the connected area in any shape faster.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679052 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750888
This paper puts forward a stochastic model for target detecting and tracking in multi-sensor defense systems and applies the Lanchester differential equations to threat assessment in combat. The two different modes of targets tracking and their respective Lanchester differential equations are analyzed and established. By use of these equations, we could briefly estimate the loss of each combat side and accordingly get the threat estimation results, given the situation analysis is accomplished.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679053 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750913
With the increasing size of multimedia content, the chief issues in multimedia computing today are shifting the focus from bandwidth to management. MPEG7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data, which aims to resolve the problems of management and query. Many possible application scenarios have been discussed in thousands of materials, especially surveillance, which is usually considered as one of the most suitable applications of MPEG7. In this paper, we propose a video surveillance and retrieval system, which employs MPEG7 as basic storing format. This clear, standard, human-readable format makes sure our system can interact with other MPEG7-based systems. Taking advantage of it, videos and metadata used to describe videos are completely split, storing in different files. This causes significant decreasing of query time, since the system only need to process metadata, if the metadata include enough information for searching. We employ a kernel-based tracking algorithm to extract semantic information from videos, which is fast enough for real-time processing. We also propose a flexible architecture, which has rich extensibilities, making it possible to improve the employed algorithm with few changes and to add new visual descriptor without recompiling the program. This system has been tested against several real-world surveillance videos. The experiment results show that this system is robust and suitable for many scenarios.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679054 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750989
The performance of an automatic fingerprint recognition system relies heavily on the quality of input fingerprint images. This paper presents a novel approach to assess the local and global quality of fingerprint image by estimating the ridge continuity measure, which reflects the intrinsic characteristics of quality. The ridge continuity measure is computed by combining orientation coherence and the first and second order directional derivatives of the image. The calculation of minutiae reliability is also derived from the local quality map. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed quality measure. The experimental results show that it is effective for estimating the image quality, and can be used for quality control in enrollment stage and improving the recognition rate in matching stage.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679055 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774812
Aimed at some typical constraints of police dogs and robots used in the areas of reconnaissance and counterterrorism currently, the multifunction anti-terrorism robotic system based on police dog has been introduced. The system is made up of two parts: portable commanding device and police dog robotic system. The portable commanding device consists of power supply module, microprocessor module, LCD display module, wireless data receiving and dispatching module and commanding module, which implements the remote control to the police dogs and takes real time monitor to the video and images. The police dog robotic system consists of microprocessor module, micro video module, wireless data transmission module, power supply module and offence weapon module, which real time collects and transmits video and image data of the counter-terrorism sites, and gives military attack based on commands. The system combines police dogs' biological intelligence with micro robot. Not only does it avoid the complexity of general anti-terrorism robots' mechanical structure and the control algorithm, but it also widens the working scope of police dog, which meets the requirements of anti-terrorism in the new era.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679056 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.750975
In this paper, a three-dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded Zero Block Coding (3D SPEZBC) algorithm for
hyperspectral image compression is proposed, which is motivated by the EZBC and SPECK algorithms. Experimental
results show that the 3D SPEZBC algorithm obviously outperforms 3D SPECK, 3D SPIHT and AT-3D SPIHT, and is
slightly better than JPEG2000-MC in the compression performances. Moreover, the 3D SPEZBC algorithm can save
considerable memory requirement in comparison with 3D EZBC.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679057 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751030
The environment geometry model based-VR teleoperation systems couldn't adapt to the unpredicted, dynamic changing and unstructured environment any more for the development space of mankind is expanding continuously, in which many circumstances are uncertain. The Interactive Partial Modeling (IPM) technique was developed to solve this problem. The establishing of IPM system for the unstructured environment includes three parts: the image information obtaining subsystem of the reality worksite, the designing of 3D virtual manipulation subsystem and the registration between virtual object and real scene. The feedback of the image information is realized through stereo-video and the virtual model of the telerobot is developed with OpenGL. The position and pose of the virtual graphic can be set in the stereo-video with the telerobot as the calibration object. So manipulation of virtual unstructured environments and the real scene with 3D image can be realized, which has expanded the application of robotic teleoperation.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679058 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774813
Pen-based computing takes advantage of human skill with the pen, which is more than a substitute for the mouse. A
hybrid SVM-HMM based recognition algorithm is presented for pen-based single stroke diagram. The algorithm
includes five steps: sampling and pre-processing, segmentation, formal feature computing, SVM based feature
classification, and HMM based symbol recognition. The formal feature of a stroke is composed of five static features and
one dynamic feature. A group of one-to-one combinations of binary SVMs are used as feature classifiers to produce
fixed length feature vectors, each of which is produced by the probability output with Sigmoid function and act as the
posterior probability of observation of HMM. Finally HMMs are employed as final recognizer to recognize the unknown
stroke. Based on this algorithm, a tutoring system is designed to identify the sketches of the flowchart diagrams.
Experiment results show the hybrid algorithm has a good learning and recognition ability, which is benefited from
combining the SVM's classification ability of static properties with the HMM's recognition ability of dynamic properties.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 679059 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751057
The services of ecosystem are critical to human existence and prosperity, providing necessary ecological products for human production and life as well as indispensable natural conditions for life system. The Natural Mangrove Reserve in Zhangjiang River Estuary is one of the most important National Natural Mangrove Reserve in China. Its environment has been degrading during the past decades for people neglecting the ecosystem services function value which is hard to currency turn. Thus, it is necessary to monitor and assess the Mangrove Reserve's dynamics, both to gain a better understanding of their basic biology and to help guide conservation and restoration efforts. Using Landsat TM/ETM+ Satellite data acquired in 1989, 1992, 1998, 2001 and an Aster image from the year 2003, the land use of the Reserve and its environment were extracted adopting the supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification Algorithm. The changes of land use and ecosystem services value were analyzed using Costanza's method of evaluating the global ecosystem service values. The total value change of ecosystem services in the study area per year are 2945.95×104$, 2861.74×104$, 2904.05×104$, 2794.67×104$, 2730.82×104$ respectively during the four periods (1989-1992, 1992-1998, 1998-2001, 2001-2003). The ecosystem services value change has a close relationship with W&B, population, build-up and forest. The results indicate that the ecosystem services value in the study area has been constantly deteriorating due to the human activities imposed on it, which is highly associated with the local expanding of build-up and brackish water fishponds all the while. And the downward trend of the ecosystem services value has become even more acute, with the development of the local economy.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751141
To use fragile/semi-fragile digital watermarking for image authentication, fragility of the embedded watermark to the
malicious attacks is very important to illustrate the authentication degree. A fragile/semi-fragile watermarking scheme
should be sensitive to any modifications or malicious attacks, while semi-fragile watermarking accepts some incidental
manipulations, such as JPEG compression. The binary phase-only filter (BPOF) based watermarking proposed by F.
Ahmed et al., takes the BPOF of the Fourier spectrum of an image as the watermark and embed it into the corresponding
magnitude. The authors claimed that the method is a semi-fragile watermarking since it can resist some image processing
manipulations. However, they did not discuss the fragility of the technique to the malicious attacks, such as image
tampering. In this paper, we analyzed the fragility of the binary phase-only based digital image watermarking via
experiments and concluded that this technique works better for fragile watermarking than for semi-fragile watermarking.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751026
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have been growing in interest in recent years. Due to the small size of the MEMS, the traditional method of metrology measurement seriously affects the parameter of the object being measured, and high accuracy metrology cannot be acquired. MEMS microstructure images of surface are most composed of a number of steps, grooves and slots. Pattern analysis and recognition of these microstructures with linear feature is one of the key problems in metrology and testing technology of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS). Effective detections of these components play an important role in simplifying feature model in pattern recognition and pattern match. Traditional Linear feature detectors based on pixel processing each by each may fail to detect out lines in image with low SNR. A fast discrete beamlet transform and a novel method of linear feature detection are proposed, which can detect lines with any orientation, location and length. Experiment results prove the efficiency of the method proposed even in image with very low SNR.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774814
JPEG2000 standard provides a series of good performance. The Region Of Interest (ROI) coding is one of the important
features. People always hope that the quality and the priority of their interesting regions are higher than background (BG)
region in the course of transmission. ROI coding methods defined in JPEG2000 are introduced in the paper: the General
Scaling-based method and the Maximum shift (Maxshift) method. Based on the Maxshift method, we proposed a new
method which removes the high-frequency part of BG of the Maxshift method. It can improve compression ratio, reduce
the computer complexity and optimize ROI coding purpose.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751334
The paper presented a method of digital image scrambling based on binary tree generated by chaotic sequences. First,
conservative chaos system is iterated to produce chaotic sequences after given initial value and parameters. Then, binary
tree is generated by chaotic sequences according to certain rule. At last, the order received by inorder traversing the
binary tree is used to transform order of pixels. In this method of digital image scrambling the secret key is initial value
and parameters. This method is flexible to use because the secret key is separated from algorithms. It remedies
inadequateness of flexibility in other algorithms merely adopting fixed binary tree. Some evaluation indexes show that
the method has good effect of image scrambling.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751394
Wireless video transmission encounters higher error rate than in wired network, which introduces distortion into the error-sensitive compressed data, reducing the quality of the playback video. Therefore, to ensure the end-to-end quality, wireless video needs a transmission system including both efficient source coding scheme and transmission technology against the influence of the channel error. This paper tackles a dynamic programming algorithm for robust video streaming over error-prone channels. An auto-resilient multiple-description coding with optimized transmission strategy has been proposed. Further study is done on the computational complexity of rate-distortion optimized video streaming and a dynamic programming algorithm is considered. Experiment results show that video streaming with adaptive dynamic programming gains better playback video quality at the receiver when transmitted through error-prone mobile channel.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774815
The enormous volumes and valuable applications of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) multi-spectral images make it need to be compressed losslessly with effective method. To solve this problem, the optimal linear prediction and band ordering are adopted here to exploit abundant spectral redundancy, lifting wavelet transform and SPIHT algorithm are used to eliminate the spatial redundancy of MODIS data. The optimal inter-band prediction sequence is specified by band ordering, and except the first band, only residual error images of other bands need to be encoded after band prediction. To avoid information loss, the optimal linear predictor is improved by rounding the prediction coefficients into integers, and D5/3 lifting wavelet is used to implement integer-to-integer wavelet transform of the band image, which also accelerate the compression. Finally, some lossless compression methods such as "WinRAR", "3DSPIHT" are compared with this compression method, and the experimental results show that our method has more compression capability.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751619
Image compression is now essential for applications such as transmission and storage in data bases. Set Partitioned
Embedded Block Coder (SPECK), introduced by Asad Islam and Pearlman, is a very effective and computationally
simple technique for image impression. In this paper we present a new image coding method based on SPECK, which
provides even better performance than previously reported it. The new method changed the test way in set to reduce the
execution time, and provided fast encoding/decoding. The experiment results show that the PSNR of the new algorithm
is higher, the MSE of the new algorithm is lower, and the execution time of the new algorithm is less than SPIHT and
SPECK algorithm obtained at the same rate-compression. Especially, the executing time of the new method is much less
than the SPECK. In addition, this scalar quantized scheme, which change the test way in set, has the potential for small
memory usage.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905H (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752036
Interventional Radiology (IVR) is an important technique to visualize and diagnosis the vascular disease. In real
medical application, a weak x-ray radiation source is used for imaging in order to reduce the radiation dose, resulting in a
low contrast noisy image. It is important to develop a method to smooth out the noise while enhance the vascular
structure. In this paper, we propose to combine an ICA Shrinkage filter with a multiscale filter for enhancement of IVR
images. The ICA shrinkage filter is used for noise reduction and the multiscale filter is used for enhancement of vascular
structure. Experimental results show that the quality of the image can be dramatically improved without any blurring in edge by the proposed method. Simultaneous noise reduction and vessel enhancement have been achieved.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752509
A novel image compression scheme is presented that the directional sections are separated and transformed differently
from the rest of image. The discrete directions of anisotropic pixels are calculated and then grouped to compact
directional sections. One dimensional (1-D) adaptive directional lifting is continuously applied along orientations of
direction sections other than applying 1-D wavelet transform alternately in two dimensions for the whole image. For the
rest sections, 2-D adaptive lifting filters are applied according to pixels' positions. Our single embedded coding stream
can be truncated exactly for any bit rate. Experiments have showed that large coefficients can be significantly reduced
along directional sections by our transform which makes energy more compact than traditional wavelet transform.
Though rate-distortion (R-D) optimization isn't exploited, the PSNR is still comparable to that of JPEG-2000 with 9/7
filters at high bit rates. And at low bit rates, the visual quality is better than that of JPEG-2000 for along directional
sections both blurring and ringing artifacts can be avoided and edge preservation is good.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774816
Fingerprint segmentation is an important step in automatic fingerprint identification fields. This paper discusses a new
method, which is based on a linear classifier, to enhance the performance of fingerprint image segmentation. The novel
linear classifier is a label box that is employed to establish a model and deal with fingerprint image quickly and
accurately. In order to evaluate the performance of the new method in comparison to the methods based on other linear
and nonlinear classifiers, experiments are performed on FVC2000 DB2. The experimental results show the proposed
method is able to provide more accurate high-resolution segmentation results than those of previously known ones
because only 0.80% of the pixels are misclassified by the method, while the nonlinear classifier, quadric surface
classifier, misclassifies 0.97% of the pixels.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.752752
This paper proposes a novel image enhancement algorithm based on contrast pyramid, which adjusts coefficient value in individual level of contrast pyramid to change contrast of local image, then some detail or character will be promoted. Numerical experiments show that the method can get fairly well result with lower computation complexity.
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Proceedings Volume MIPPR 2007: Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications; and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications, 67905L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.774817
Aiming at solving the limit of current distortion sensitivity analysis(HVS is a complicated non-linear system, while the
vision models current are linear and simple), we research a new image quality evaluation method based on structural
similarity, that is, to get a general similarity from luminance, contrast and image construction, as an objective quality
evaluation criteria. In this way, the method fully considers both image structure information and human vision
characteristics. Based on human visual comprehension of image content, the method evaluates the subjective human
visual perception to image quality by arithmetic modeling, so it ensures the structural similarity model matches the
application purpose of image processing. After theory deduction and algorithm validation, the method provides reasons
to select a proper image compression algorithm and gives a way to evaluate image quality efficiently. Experiments show
that, to evaluate reconstructed images encoded by compression algorithm Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT),
compared with the traditional evaluation method based on Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), the method proposed in
this paper is more effective to the perception of people's eyes.
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