Heat source method was adopted to build a generalized mathematical model for the dynamic position detection of position sensitive detector. The impact of different scanning speeds on the position detection was analyzed. It is shown that the satisfaction of the linear relation between the detected positions and the true incident positions needs two conditions. The relative position detection error decreases with the decrease of the scanning speed or the increase of the angle intersected by the direction of speed and x-axis. The photocurrents for the analytical solution are compared with data simulated by the ANSYS software. Qualitative agreement is found.

The distributed surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensing system based on FPGA was presented in this paper. Equal strength beam SAW strain sensor was adopted. Through special device sealing, it not only protected the surface electrode but also did not influence the sensitivity of the sensor. Equal precision frequency meter based on FPGA realized the frequency measurement of measuring signal. Equal precision frequency meter had high measuring precision. It can keep constant measuring precision during the whole frequency domain. Measuring frequency ranged from 0.1 to 100MHz. Relative error was 1 ppm.

Polysilicon Comb Micro-accelerometer is one of the most common MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical System) devices. In the comb micro-accelerometer design, the parameters of the folded beams are key factors to improve the performance and ensure the reliability. In the system design of CoventorWare, the width and length of the folded beams are varied and the corresponding resonant frequencies and mechanical behaviors are respectively discussed. The optimized parameters can be obtained and varied from the FEM analysis. The optimized results ensure that the frequency of the detect mode is lower than the other mode's frequencies, so the coupling error are small. The performance of the micro-accelerometer is improved and reliability should be ensured. The micro-accelerometer is sensitive to electrostatic power, which deforms its geometric structure that causes lower function. Through DC Transfer analysis, the pull-in voltage is checked and the whole system reliability is ensured by corresponding electrostatic spring softening analysis.

With the development of a parallel micro motion stage, a Pseudo-Rigid-Body model is derived, and simplified as a constant Jacobian matrix, an optimization based on condition number is then made to establish structure parameters, so as to achieve kinematic performance of both workspace and resulotion as demand, while the scale of this stage is minimized. Finally the simplified model error is calculated and rational control advice is given.

Forecasting and dynamic modeling have common applications in science and engineering. Time series data are often found from different sources, astrophysical, biological, economical, etc. It is then very important to predict future values of these data series from the existing data. The immune system is a very complex system with several mechanisms to defense against pathogenic organisms. Inspired by the principles of immune system and biology evolution, a novel algorithm based on the combination of immune evolution and neural network is proposed to forecast nonlinear time series, which imitates the cellular clonal selection theory of biology immune system and the mutation ideas of biology evolution process. Then, the mutation intensity of each antibody is decided by its objective function value; similar antibodies are suppressed by computing the affinity of antibodies and new antibodies are produced dynamically to maintain the diversity. Application of the proposed algorithm to nonlinear time series of sunspots number modelling and prediction is investigated. The experimental results by different methods confirm that the proposed method has better generalization performance than that of the Fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA), Genetic programming (GP), Automatic Regression Model (AR) and Automatic Regression Moving Average Model (ARMA)

The three-axis electronic-hydraulic simulating rotary-table is an important equipment for ground experimentation and simulation of battleplanes and ballistic missiles. In order to drive huge loads, the rotary-table adopts double hydraulic motors for the outer gimbal. However the double motors' non-synchronization, friction and laden disturbance are three main factors that could arouse the outer gimbal's local torsion and shock. It will decrease the tracking accuracy and dynamic performance of the simulating rotary-table. So for this rotary-table the Proportion Integral Differential (PID) controller could hardly achieve high accuracy under the above three factors' reciprocity and interrelationship. This paper elaborates building a velocity-position double feedback system for this rotary-table, and designing Predictive Neural Net (PNN)-Fuzzy Neural Net(FNN) controller for the double feedback control system. The simulating results of PNN-FNN controller has shown that the proposed approach can achieve high displacement tracking accuracy and dynamic performance when the loads of the rotary-table outer gimbal changes or two hydraulic motors' rotate speeds differs greatly.

According to the sensing structure of a practical silicon resonant pressure micro sensor whose preliminary sensing unit is a square silicon diaphragm, and the final sensing unit is a silicon beam resonator, this paper analyzed the distribution character of the changing temperature along the abscissa of the beam. With regard to the solution of the diffusion equation, it can be concluded that the changing temperature and the input power have the same frequency accurately, the range where the changing temperature exists is confined to a finite area, and a gap appears at the edge of the thermal resistor during the changing procedure. Hoping these conclusions is helpful of the more reasonable design.

Uniform design is a kind of test design in statistics. The key of the method is to make most of uniform points to test. The aim is to get the good result using less test points. The uniform design is used in the area of testing specification and calibration for micro-mechanical gyro. It gets the good result using only thirty-one group test instead of two hundred and twenty-five group test by orthogonal design. This method reduces the workload and cost of the test, it has the practical value in engineering. At the same time, the test result analyze the performance of the micro-mechanical gyro using T-test and F-Test. It shows that the repeatability of the mirco-mechanical gyro works well.

MEMS line vibration gyroscope is one of the most extensive applications of the MEMS gyroscope now. Its driving mode is always the electrostatic. When the MEMS line vibration gyroscope works in normal mode, its mass is vibrated in line at one direction (it is x direction here) and detected the rotation speed at other direction ( it is y direction here) in horizontal. At this time, the mass is in balance at y direction. But when the configuration of the MEMS line vibration gyroscope is not asymmetry, the electrostatic that putted on the mass at y direction is destroyed. So the mass is vibrated in line at y direction. The MEMS line vibration gyroscope will couple the rotation speed of x direction and produce zero signals because of this movement. Aim at this phenomenon, the mechanical-electrical error model because of the asymmetry of the configuration of the MEMS line vibration gyroscope is built. There is simulation analysis by using Matlab. And according to the method of Limited Element, the distributing fig of the electric field and the electrostatic force because of the asymmetry of the configuration is got by using ANSYS. These researches act important effect on improving the precision of the MEMS line vibration gyroscope.

A fast star tracking algorithm is proposed. In order to speed up the star tracking, three techniques including star catalogue partition, threshold mapping and sorting & matching are designed for three time-consuming portions in tracking algorithm,. Star catalogue partition divides the celestial sphere into small partitions. Threshold mapping sets a threshold of stars tracked which reduces mapping times. Sorting and matching avoided matching between stars which have a long distance. The software and hardware performance of tracking algorithm are stimulated. Tracking effectiveness and the success rate under different position noises are tested in software stimulation. In hardware stimulation, the tracking speed in every step is tested.

In this paper, tunneling phenomena of tunneling junctions are studied and analyzed. Tunneling junction is the basic structure of single electric transistor (SET) and other nano devices. Ultra fine oxidized titanium (Ti) lines are formed on the Ti layer, which is 3nm thick and sputtered on a SiO₂ substrate by magnetron sputtering. The atomic force microscope (AFM)'s tip is used as a selective anodization electrode to oxidate the Ti film between electrode structures that are formed by photo lithography. Ti-TiOx-Ti forms metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunneling junction, and TiOx works as an energy barrier for the electron. Different number of TiOx lines is fabricated between two electrodes by controlling fabrication condition and environment at the same value. And then, the I-V characteristics of tunneling junctions with different number of TiOx lines are measured. The results indicate that the tunneling phenomena of tunneling junctions with different number of TiOx lines are different.

High-speed digital cameras are progressing rapidly with the development of CMOS image sensor in these few years. In order to develop a high-speed CMOS industrial digital camera, the CMOS image sensor MI-MV13 is used. The sensor drive pulse and control timing based on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA is designed. A novel format of digital image transporting based on Camera Link data port is defined in this paper. It is implemented 1280 (H) × 1024 (V) SXGA resolution digital image transported at a high frame rate of 300 fps (frames-per-second) with 5 Pixels 10 bit compatible Camera Link Medium Configuration. In addition, these functions that adjustments of exposure beginning time, integral time, AOI (Area of Interest) output and so on, are realized in a FPGA chip. All of the function modules are embedded in a SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip), and further functions can be easily added to the chip at the second time development. Experimental results show that the design of driving control timing and data interface in FPGA is suitable for high-frame rate, low power, intelligent and miniaturization digital video camera.

Wireless sensor network consisting of a large number of small sensors with low-power transceiver can be an effective tool for gathering data in a variety of environment. The collected data must be transmitted to the base station for further processing. Since a network consists of sensors with limited battery energy, the method for data gathering and routing must be energy efficient in order to prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we presented an energy-efficient data gathering protocol in wireless sensor network. The new protocol used data fusion technology clusters nodes into groups and builds a chain among the cluster heads according to a hybrid of the residual energy and distance to the base station. Results in stochastic geometry are used to derive the optimum parameter of our algorithm that minimizes the total energy spent in the network. Simulation results show performance superiority of the new protocol.

Pipeline transportation, as it is low cost, steady supply and high efficiency, is widely used nowadays. However, pipelines might be damaged by natural power or human activities. Thus, pipeline status monitoring, including transmogrification, corrosion, flaw and crack, shows up more and more important. This paper presents a method using magnetic field measurement system which based on AMR (anisotropy magnetic resistance) sensors array to imaging the pipe's bug. Compared with single sensor, it can capture more all-around information about the magnetic field distribution on pipe wall, and it can make the detection more veracity; Compared with the traditional pipeline pig, which based on Hall elements, it provides greater sensitivity. A mechanical model of relationships between the pipe's bug and the magnetic field distribution is given; In this AMR measurement system, the hardware includes arrangement sensors, Set/Reset circuits, amplifiers, multiplexers, DSP device, data radio module and power supply; and software contains an autocalibration algorithm, and a VC display program of the measured magnetic field. An experimental pipe bug is detected and the magnetic field is discussed.

A technique is developed to calibrate a camera which is equipped on mobile robot and detect a distant scene. A flexible calibration target, on which calibration feature points are generated according to cross-ratio invariability, is employed in this paper. As can be extended as needed, the target has a flexible size and can be used at discretionary distance from the camera. To guarantee the generating accuracy of calibration points, coordinates of principal point and radial lens distortion coefficients of first two orders are determined previously. Experiment results revealed the effectiveness of the presented method and higher accuracy than traditional method.

The random drift of MEMS gyro is large because of external environmental factors and manufacturing technique. The random drift modeling and compensation of MEMS gyro CRS03 is studied. The stability and normality of data about 2minutes, 5minutes and 10minutes long, outputted from the MEMS gyro are analyzed. The research result shows that the outputting data of MEMS gyro is stable of short-time. The time series analysis technique is used to set the ARMA model of MEMS gyro random drift. And the Kalman filter is used to estimate the random drift of MEMS gyro. The research results show that the random drift of MEMS gyro is compensated effectively and the precision of MEMS gyro is improved.

Micromechanical resonant sensors are very attractive for high-precision measurement applications due to their high sensitivity, direct frequency output and large dynamic range. This paper presents a high accuracy micromechanical resonant accelerometer on basis of detailed investigation. The structure includes a substrate, a proof mass, cantilevers, leverage mechanisms, resonant beam, tuning forks, driving poles and checking poles. Due to the box-shaped structure of proof mass, a larger inertial force generated by the proof mass can be achieved. DETF (double-ended tuning fork) resonator is the simplest form of stress sensitive dynamically balanced structure that can reduce the common mode interference. There are comb electrodes on both sides of the DETF, which are used to actuate the DETF and sense its amplitude in resonant state. Differential output is achieved by two tuning forks that are symmetrical distributed and the energy output is two times that of one double-ended tuning fork. This kind of structure can also reduce the co-model disturbance. The structure parameters and capability parameters are calculated by MATLAB, and mechanical and model analysis are carried out by ANSYS. Simulating results show that the design is available and the structure can satisfy the design demands.

In this paper, a novel single grating system is constructed to test the dynamic characteristics of FTRG (Friction Twister Roller Guider). There are only several simple optical components in this instrument. To acquire high precision result in optical displacement measuring, the signal quality of moire fringes must be kept reliable and constant. And several adaptive processing methods to enhance the signal quality are provided in this system. The process platform is based on SHARC (Super Harvard Architecture Computer) DSP and flash sample technique. At last, the result of the test is listed to show the effects of the optical system and the algorithms in digital signal processor. After combining the counting algorithm, subdivision algorithm and adaptive filters together, the qualities of the signals are highly enhanced. The typical test experiments on FTRG, which are demonstrated in this article, include Long displacement without vibration and Short displacement with axial vibration. Between the two experiments, the latter is more difficult to measure displacement during a vibrating environment. All the measure results are compared with other advanced instruments. It is still precise and reliable when some other instrument out of work in axial vibrating environment.

As a node in Internet/Intranet, web sensor has been promoted in recent years and wildly applied in remote manufactory, workshop measurement and control field. However, the conventional scheme can only support HTTP protocol, and the remote users supervise and control the collected data published by web in the standard browser because of the limited resource of the microprocessor in the sensor; moreover, only one node of data acquirement can be supervised and controlled in one instant therefore the requirement of centralized remote supervision, control and data process can not be satisfied in some fields. In this paper, the centralized remote supervision, control and data process by the web sensor are proposed and implemented by the principle of device driver program. The useless information of the every collected web page embedded in the sensor is filtered and the useful data is transmitted to the real-time database in the workstation, and different filter algorithms are designed for different sensors possessing independent web pages. Every sensor node has its own filter program of web, called "web data collection driver program", the collecting details are shielded, and the supervision, control and configuration software can be implemented by the call of web data collection driver program just like the use of the I/O driver program. The proposed technology can be applied in the data acquirement where relative low real-time is required.

Based on measuring technique of ordinary sensor of rotation rate and torque, this article mainly studied the sensing element of CMF (Coriolis Mass-Flow Meter), and designed for the prototype an IDDSRT (Integrated Direct Digital Sensor of Rotation Rate and Torque) that consists of torsion-bar spring, measuring fluted disc, and photoelectric sensing device. The sensor measures with high-frequency pulse. This design reduces the factors that affect the measuring, completely realizes non-contact digital measurement, greatly improves the anti-jamming ability and the measuring stability, and therefore increases measuring accuracy.

Instrument interchangeability has been a desire of test engineers for many years. When developing long-life systems that need to be maintained for more than 20 years, it is important to have the ability to exchange instruments in those systems when they become damaged or obsolete. Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) is a new test and measurement instrument driver standard introduced by the IVI Foundation. The IVI Foundation's goal is to create a driver standard that allows a high degree of instrument interchangeability while still providing high-performance. This paper presents guide methods of using IVI drivers to achieve instrument interchangeability. The paper begins by reviewing the development of instrument drivers and introducing the specification and architecture of IVI system. The emphasis of the paper is on expressing how to achieve instrument interchangeability with IVI-C and IVI-COM drivers and describing how IVI drivers and associated IVI configuration server are used to develop a system. The corresponding examples are shown. The paper provides a configuration utility allowing configuration information to be viewed, added, modified, and deleted as needed in the configuration store. Finally, the paper summarizes the minimum requirements for interchangeability with IVI class drivers.

When light irradiates to a test part, the change of the position of the test part can make the intensity of the reflecting light alter accordingly, based on this mechanism of reflective light intensity modulation, a new scheme with optical-fiber displacement sensor is put forward to testing the tip clearance of labyrinth seals. By analysis and treatment of the data from calibration test in static condition, the relationship of the optical-fiber displacement sensor's output in static state and the position from the test part to the sensor are obtained, also influence of different environments to the response curves is analyzed. The results of the experiment show that the presented scheme is feasible, and the high measuring accuracy of the optical-fiber sensor can meet the prospective purpose.

The precision, speed and automatic degree of gyroscope has become more and more important for the modern northseeking measurement. Traditional north-finding gyroscope system based on transit method needs a whole gyroscope swing period which could not meet the modern measuring need for its long working time. Based on the principle of period Transit method, semi-period Transit method is proposed to improve the north-seeking speed and automatic degree. Semi-period Transit method requires gyroscope cursor to move through the maximal point of velocity, zero point of collimation and point of reversion respectively. Then the essential information to work out the gyroscope sway period and swing can be obtained from the cursor moving track and velocity fitting curve. Thereby the north-seeking result can be gained. When semiperiod Transit method is adopted in coarse north-seeking and precise north-seeking by JT - 15 gyroscope, if the gyroscope collimation deviates real north ±1°, ±8'north-seeking uncertainty can be achieved. While if the gyroscope collimation deviates real north ±15', ±30"north-seeking uncertainty can be achieved. Compared to whole period. Transit method semi-period Transit method only takes about half time to get the result of seeking north, so the north-seeking speed has been boosted remarkably. In addition, collimation doesn't need to be traced by manipulator in north-seeking, which makes the manipulation easier and improves the instrument automatic degree.

On LabVIEW, a constant-temperature-and-humidity box is designed based on PID neural network decoupling control. For temperature measurement system, we use multi-sensor data fusion algorithm to process data. For humidity measurement system, we adopt dynamic filter technique to optimize data, and we use time series predictor using neural network to detect single sensor's fault. The coupling relation between the temperature and humidity has been considered. The detailed control algorithm of the system has been given. The simulating results of the system's mathematical model indicate that the controller can be applied to a coupling multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) system to decouple multivariable system or trace the set point value, and it has a perfect dynamic and static response performance. Compared with fuzzy and decoupling control system, this measure has higher static precision and can eliminate system error. What's more, the system is high reliable. Another feature of this system is operation easily, setting of temperature and humidity separately, cost low, and quality of the control curve visible owing to LabVIEW. This method also uses LabVIEW's features that it is interactive graphics, a state-of-the-art interface, and a powerful graphical programming language to make this system briefly.

A project of embedded Wireless Distributed Sensor/Control Network (WDSCN) based on RF is presented after analyzing the disadvantages of traditional measure and control system. Because of high-cost and complexity, such wireless techniques as Bluetooth and WiFi can't meet the needs of WDSCN. The two-layer WDSCN is designed based on RF technique, which operates in the ISM free frequency channel with low power and high transmission speed. Also the network is low cost, portable and moveable, integrated with the technologies of computer network, sensor, microprocessor and wireless communications. The two-layer network topology is selected in the system; a simple but efficient self-organization net protocol is designed to fit the periodic data collection, event-driven and store-and-forward. Furthermore, adaptive frequency hopping technique is adopted for anti-jamming apparently. The problems about power reduction and synchronization of data in wireless system are solved efficiently. Based on the discussion above, a measure and control network is set up to control such typical instruments and sensors as temperature sensor and signal converter, collect data, and monitor environmental parameters around. This system works well in different rooms. Experiment results show that the system provides an efficient solution to WDSCN through wireless links, with high efficiency, low power, high stability, flexibility and wide working range.

It is a significant problem to determine whether a dynamical system present chaos, it could be solved by measuring the largest Lyapunov exponent of the system. Lyapunov exponents quantify the exponential divergence of the close phase-space trajectories and offer quantities to estimate the chaos. This article proposes a new method to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent from experimental data. The method makes use of mutual information method and Cao's method to reconstruct the phase-space, and gets the largest Lyapunov exponent by Sano-Sawada method from computing Lyapunov exponent spectrum. This article also shows how stable and robust this new method practices comparing with other methods proven by large numbers of test.

Every component characteristic in the closed loop of resonant sensors is analyzed. Based on the component characteristics, the relation between the excitation force and the displacement of the resonator is confirmed. And the closed loop differential equation of resonant sensors is build. The phase drift of the closed loop control system is brought into the differential equation. By solving the differential equation with phase error of the closed loop control system, the relation between phase drift and the difference between the resonant frequency of the closed loop and the natural frequency of the resonator is gained. It is found that the measure error between the resonator natural frequency and the resonant frequency of the closed loop is proportional to tangent of the phase drift of the closed loop control system. The proportion coefficient is negative -3dB bandwidth of the resonator.

A new vibration membrane-type liquid density sensor that is based on resonance theory is presented in order to measure the density of different kinds of liquids. This sensor, which consists of resonant membrane, exciter, and signal picking system, possess the advantages of easy fabrication, excellent repetition, high stability and fine resolving ability. Density of the liquid is measured by comparing the natural frequency variation in air and liquid respectively. In this paper, the calculating model of the sensor is simplified with one degree freedom system, in which equivalent mass m_e and equivalent elasticity coefficient k_e are all of importance. Finally, density of water is measured at 20°C by this sensor. The measured natural frequency in air and water is 5359 Hz and 3769 Hz respectively. Corresponding Q factor (quality factor) of the sensor is in the range of 500-600. Experiment results have shown that this sensor has good repeatability and it is a kind of effective method to measure the density of liquid.

The test platform was established In order to study the static and dynamic performance of engineering vehicle hydraulic chassis, and the closed-loop load simulation system is one of the key parts. The hydraulic principle was introduced, and the precise mathematic model was present in this paper. The dynamic performance of load simulation system is affected by the rotary speed of the loaded object and the performance of pressure stabilization through analyzing. So the combined controller based on feedforward and Fuzzy_PID was proposed. The experiments showed that the control system has a good robustness and stabilization, and it is effective and reasonable.

Simulation rotary platform which has six DOF (Degree of Freedom) is a semi-physical simulation system of some institute, and is often used to simulate the motion of objects. Simulation rotary platform is one of the key equipments which were used to do semi-physical experiment, it was often used in the performance testing experiments, and the performance of the rotary platform directly affects the precision and the reliability of the experiments. In order to get higher control precision and robustness, a Self-adaptive Fuzzy -PID compound controller was proposed in this paper, the Self-adaptive Fuzzy algorithm was adopted when the error ε is large, and the PID algorithm was adopted while the error ε is small. The effectiveness of this controller was proved by simulations.

In regards to such problems as low degree of automation, reading data out of time, and low measurement precision when monitoring soft-soil ground settlement in our nation at the present time, we put forward a research approach for a new automatic monitor for soft-soil ground on the basis of draw-wire displacement sensors and collimating of wireless triggering. In the paper, we discuss the surveying scheme, embedded system design, and the confirmation of collimating fault of wireless triggering. Finally, some technical parameters are gained via the experiment of surveying comparison: linearity is 0.235%; sensitivity is 1.0049; sensitivity error is 3.45%; the resolving power is 0.25mm; the scale of measurement is 0-10m.

MOEMS (Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System) gyroscope is one of the research hotspot of international inertial domain. It combines advantages of optical detect principle of optical gyroscopes and MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) fabrication technique. It is solid-state. It has little volume, light weight, good stability, and large dynamic scale. And it can be batch fabricated. These make it has large applications in inertial technology domain. A MOEMS interferometric gyroscope which uses spatial optical paths to sensitive Sagnac effect is presented. A spatial helical optical structure composed of micromirrors was designed. Light traveled in free space, which could reduce wastage. The gyroscope has no coupling problem, no back scatter, and no movable parts. The structure of the gyroscope has advantages in microminiaturization. It could be manufactured using MEMS technics. Theoretical analyses were made to parameters of the spatial optical path from the viewpoint of improving the fundamental detection limit. Theorem proving experiment was researched. Based on experiment design, output signals of the gyroscope on rotate platform were measured using Lock-in amplifier and other instruments. Theorem proving of the Sagnac effect is realized, and the bias stability of the gyroscope system is about 8 °/h.

Gyro output signal is a non-stationary and time-varied time series mixed with noise. A new time-frequency analysis method for gyro de-noising, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), is introduced. The non-stationary hybrid gyro signal is studied adaptively in the domain of time and frequency. First the hybrid signal is decomposed into finite intrinsic mode functions (IMF), then their frequency characteristic and the relationship between these IMFs and different gyro errors are studied deeply. Follow that a certain number of IMFs are eliminated and EMD's filter bank characteristic is achieved. After the ring laser gyro signal is processed by EMD and wavelet, Allan variance approach is applied to evaluate five kinds of gyro noise. By the conclusion, the EMD method is obviously more efficacious than wavelet in eliminating various kind of noise.

An eddy current sensor is usually used to measure the departure of a shaft from its axes, in order to avoid destroying the system because of collision. The design of the coil as the sense organ of an eddy current sensor is to search a set of proper sizes (includes the outer radius, the inner radius and tallness of the coil) in which the quality factor and the grads of magnetic field strength is great as soon as possible but the length of the lead is not much long. So an optimization function is introduced here for efficient design. This function is direct ratio with the quality factor of the core and the magnetic grads product by the coil and inverse ratio with the lead length. The proportions of three parameters can be changed according to the instance. When the value of the function reaches the maximum, the sizes of coil are the anticipant optimal sizes and the integration capability of the coil is at the high-point. To search the maximum of the function, the genetic algorithm is adopted. The simulation result by Matlab proves the practicability of the method.

Much work has been published on the design of transducers using piezoelectric polymers, but a great of this work is theoretical modeling and derivations, and the proposed design methods can't be available easily. The purpose of the paper is review and applies several important considerations for the design of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) acoustic emission transducer: transducer construction, active element selection, backing material design, matching layer design, and preamplifier design. Besides reviewing these design considerations, this paper also present that a PVDF acoustic emission transducer has been fabricated. To achieve the transducer's characteristic parameter, the transducer has been calibrated using a precise impedance analyzer; by which the admittance conductance parameters of the acoustic transducer have been obtained. Pencil lead break tests also have been conducted on the transducer, and the test results certified that the transducer can detect acoustic emission events.

WO₃ sensing films (1500 Å) were deposited using dc reactive magnetron sputtering method on alumina substrate on which patterned interdigital Pt electrodes were previously formed. The additive Ti was sputtered with different thickness (100-500 Å) onto WO₃ thin films and then the films as-deposited were annealed at 400°C in air for 3h. The crystal structure and chemical composition of the films were characterized by XRD and XPS analysis. The effect of Ti addition on sensitive properties of WO₃ thin film to the NH₃ gas was then discussed. WO₃ thin films added Ti revealed excellent sensitivity and response characteristics in the presence of low concentration of NH₃ (5-400 ppm) gas in air at 200°C operating temperature. Especially,in case 300 Å thickness of additive Ti, WO₃ thin films have a promotional effect on the response speed to NH₃ and selectivity enhanced with respect to other gases (CO, C₂H₅OH, CH₄). The influence of different substrates, including alumina, silicon and glass, on sensitivity to NH₃ gas has also been investigated.

One of the bottlenecks of loading and unloading a container is that it is a hard job for a driver to park the container truck appropriately and quickly under the quayside container crane. It depends on the experience and eyeballing of the driver to adjust the parking position of the truck. This adjusting process undoubtedly delays the loading and unloading procedure, and thus degrades the efficiency. A method using monocular vision technology is proposed here to detect the position and speed of a moving container truck so that reasonably information can be shown to the driver to help him park the truck quickly and accurately. Thus, time is saved and efficiency is upgraded. In this paper, feasibility of using monocular vision technology in this application is firstly demonstrated. Then, the mathematical model of this method is established. Based on this model, we analyze the speed and accuracy of the detecting method. Finally, the simulation result of the analysis is delivered to demonstrate that the method is a simple and feasible way to solve this kind of problem.

Two methods are used for curve evolving, which are based on PDE (Partial Differential Equation)(level set method) and discrete median filter. Comparisons between the evolving methodology, target and time cost, together with the experiment results show that the former can ensure the good convergence with certain time step, but the run speed is relatively slow; the latter can also be expressed by PDE, so it can smooth the edge, and the convergence speed is very fast. In short, the former is a power tool in image segmentation and image filtering, while the latter fits for image filtering.

This paper presents a new method to measure the constituents of the milk, which uses the scattered light to transmitted light rate of the laser(called s-t rate for short) to detect the protein and fat content of the milk. The basic theory is discussed in the test in detail and the feasibility of the plan is analyzed. A relation curve between the fat and protein of milk and the ratio is built by multiple linear regression method. The uncertainty of the result is mentioned in the paper.

Virtual reality is an effective method to solve the time-delay problem in force-reflecting teleoperation, but it depends on the accuracy of the virtual model. So we consider the online error compensate of the predictive virtual model, for acquiring accurate interaction information. Firstly, the sliding average least square (SALS) method is adopted to identify the mass, damp and stiffness of the remote environment, in order to build and amend the virtual environment dynamic model in real time. Secondly, we consider the predictive virtual model as a time forward observer, and design our error compensate observer. Through constructing the dynamics equation of the system, we also analyzed the condition of stability and transparency. Experimental results are shown that these methods can reduce the influence of time delay with guarantee of stability, and promote the operability of the system.

Corners and edges are all important image features in many vision-based areas. Corners are more reliable than edges and much easier matched because of their sparseness, while edges contain richer scene structure-information more applicable of 3D recognition. A new fast and robust edge-matching algorithm based on matched corners is proposed. In the matching process, corner constraint and edge constraint are introduced. Firstly, the matched corners are used to guide the edge matching. How to use the previously matched corners to guide and constrain edge matching is presented. Furthermore, propagation idea is introduced to get matched edges. Secondly, edge constraint is proposed to limit the search area in several pixels, then epipolar constraint is also used to achieve the matched points, if necessary the correlation score will be utilized. Numerous experiments with various real images clearly show that if the two images differences are not too severe, the benefit of integrating corner matches into the matching procedures is obvious, and the algorithm greatly improves the speed as well as the correct matching ratio to higher than 97%.

The synthetic measurement of complex profile with high precision and large range is a difficulty among surface topography measuring techniques because the measuring range and the precision of traditional profilometers is limited. Moreover, the stylus of traditional profilometers cannot skim over the steep wall successfully. This paper presents a twodimension displacement sensor. Accompanied by the vertical scanning platform, the two-dimension displacement sensor can measure the complex profile with high precision and large range. The sensor is composed of two inductance displacement sensors. The vertical displacement sensor detects the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement sensor detects the horizontal displacement. When the workpiece is measured, the vertical undulation of profile lead to the zero offset of the vertical displacement sensor. According to the zero offset, the piezoelectric actuator and the servo motor drive the vertical scanning platform to move vertically to ensure that the lever is always in balance position. When the stylus barges up against the steep wall, the horizontal resistance force results in the other zero offset of the horizontal displacement sensor. If the horizontal resistance force is too strong, the vertical scanning platform descends to make the stylus climb the steep wall successfully.

Sampled-data system nature is the main factor for a haptic system to exhibit non-passive behaviors or instabilities through "energy leaks", particularly for stiff objects rendering. An energy-compensating method is presented aiming to improve the haptic system's performance based on the concept of doing work. Using ideal continuous-time haptic system as a reference, we define an energy-compensating controller (ECC controller) which compensates the energy leaks caused by zero-order-hold and asynchronous switching during entering and leaving contacts. The ECC controller not only removes the unwanted over-work from the virtual environment during leaving contacts to eliminate the system's potential non-passive behaviors, but also enlarges the work that should be done by the operator according to the reference system's value when new contacts arise. The proposed method was tested and verified with the implementation of a "virtual stiff-wall" via Delta 6-DOF haptic device.

Medical ultrasonic endoscope is the combination of electronic endoscope and ultrasonic sensor technology. Ultrasonic endoscope sends the ultrasonic probe into coelom through the biopsy channel of an electronic endoscope and rotates it by a micro motor, acquiring fault histology features of digestive organs. Compared with external ultrasonic detection, the system reduces the distance between the transducer and the organ, diminishing the effects on imaging of fats and body cavity gas. On the basis of ultrasonic imaging system, this paper implements a pulse echo imaging system. We describe the ultrasonic probe, emission circuit, receiving circuit and protective circuit in detail. With the demodulation circuit, we get the amplitude of echo which indicates the objects. And to achieve the rotary scan, we design a synchronous control circuit and a data transfer circuit basing on the USB2.0 interface. Finally we get a grey image with 256 grey levels after coordinate conversion.

Two kinds of design methods of GPS/INS integrated navigation system are presented, that is GPS/INS integrative system and integrated navigation system based on information fusion. By analyzing mathematics model of the first system error, we found that inertia velocity error would cause code loop track error. Consequently, the pseudo range meterage error is interrelated with inertia velocity error, which is complex to calculate. If this relativity is ignored in the state equation and observation equation of this system, it must affect the estimated precision of the Kalman filter and maybe the system is unstable. Therefore, the second integrated navigation method is introduced. It adopts information fusion, federated Kalman filter and covariance. And consider the above pertinence to analyze the navigation performance of the integration system. Then it gives the flow of federated Kalman filter emluator. By analyzing, the conclusion is that velocity error of integrated navigation system drops from 0.3m/s to below 0.03m/s, and improves the precision and reliability of the navigation system effectively, as well as continuity and real-time capability, it provides an effective way for data analysis and process of fusion navigation system.

The least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) are proposed for nonlinear dynamic modeling of wrist force sensors. The LS-SVMs are established based on the structural risk minimization principle rather than minimize the empirical error commonly implemented in the neural networks, the LS-SVMs can achieve higher generalization performance. Also, local minima and over fitting are unlikely to occur. Therefore, the LS-SVMs can overcome the shortcoming of neural networks in dynamic modeling of wrist force sensors. The effectiveness and reliability of the method are demonstrated by applying it to the examples. The experimental results show that the method is still effective even if the sensor dynamic model is nonlinear.

This paper analyzes the relation between the size of real time image and the matching time, and a optimum size of image is improved while maintaining a high probability of correct matching. An accelerated normalized product correlation similarity measure is proposed for practical application. In order to enhance the edge feature of image and increase the probability of correct matching, this algorithm enhances the edge of image using the sobel operator. To use image matching in cruise missile, an approach which can accelerate the normalized product correlation matching algorithm is designed and implemented by adopting "from coarse to precise" control strategy. When in the coarse phase, 5 matchingpoint are choosed, which can contain the primary point by the simulation experimental results. When in the precise phase, a proper switching-level Q is proposed, and the searching is performed around each matching-point. If correlation coefficient is above Q, the searching process ends. The simulation experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and practicability of the matching control strategy and the excellent adaptability of the proposed algorithm to grayscale distortion, noise disturbance, geometric rotation. The improved algorithm maintains a high probability of correct matching, and the running time reduces 1/5 to 1/8, or even more.

OpenGL is the international standard of 3D image. The 3D image generation by OpenGL is similar to the shoot by camera. This paper focuses on the application of OpenGL to computer vision, the OpenGL 3D image is regarded as virtual camera image. Firstly, the imaging mechanism of OpenGL has been analyzed in view of perspective projection transformation of computer vision camera. Then, the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of camera and function parameters in OpenGL has been analysed, the transformation formulas have been deduced. Thereout the computer vision simulation has been realized. According to the comparison between the actual CCD camera images and virtual camera images(the parameters of actual camera are the same as virtual camera's) and the experiment results of stereo vision 3D reconstruction simulation, the effectiveness of the method with which the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of virtual camera based on OpenGL are determined has been verified.

The growing requirement on a high precision, small volume and low cost inclinometer in the field of coal-bed logging needs further research on the inclinometer. This paper introduces the inclinometer based on the theory of gravitational field measurement and geomagnetic field measurement, and then brings forward a new scheme based on tilt sensor and magnetoresistive sensor. In this paper, the formulas for vertex angle and azimuth angle are deduced; an inclinometer prototype based on the two sensors is designed. Furthermore, the sensor calibration is completed; the characteristic equations of the sensors are built; and the real time measurement for the vertex angle and azimuth angle is implemented. In order to compensate for the rotation error of the probe, a compensation method which using the average value of the positive order and negative order sampled data is described; in order to eliminate the dithering problem of the measure data, a limit range filtering algorithm is applied. The specifications of the prototype described in the article are: an external diameter of 40mm, a vertex angle precision of up to 0.1 degree and an azimuth angle precision of up to 2.5 degree. The performance of the prototype is guaranteed in practical engineering application.

To satisfy the need of hardware-in-the-loop simulation of four-element infrared seeker, a method of dynamic infrared scene generation based on "direct signal inject" is proposed. Infrared scene signals generated by model calculation are composed of target movement, disturbers launching and complex background of sky or ground. The signals are directly injects into the electrical cabin of seeker for verification and modification of the algorithms of tracking and anti-jamming, thus the complicated target simulator consisting of black body, turntable, and optical system is not required. The dynamic infrared scene generation techniques based on the four-element infrared guidance principle and the modeling of infrared scene are investigated in detail. Moreover, the implementation of the actual system is given to prove the feasibility of the method in practice.

This paper presents recent work on the design of a silicon microelectromechanical resonant gyroscope, and also describes the detailed principle of operation and simulation results with Matlab. The structure consists of comb drive actuators, a plate proof mass, lever mechanisms and double-ended tuning forks (DETF). The plate proof mass is driven by the comb drive actuators, and if an external rotation is applied, the Coriolis force acting on it is transmitted to the lever mechanisms attached. The lever mechanisms amplify the periodic force prior to being communicated axially onto the two symmetrical DETFs to provide a differential output. By demodulating the oscillators' frequency output, the rotation rate can then be estimated. This new design has several advantages including high sensitivity, high resolution and a quasi-digital FM output. Simulations include tests of the scale factor of the sensor and the resonant frequency of the DETF oscillators as a function of beam geometric parameters and the applied force.

In this paper multivariate regression approach is adopted to predict the software failure time. Firstly, the linear relationship among several adjacent software failure times is analyzed, and construct multivariate linear regression model by mathematical modeling theory. Secondly, the regression coefficient in the multivariate linear regression equation is derived from the method of least square, and then the equation is obtained. Furthermore, the significance test is performed, including F test statistics and t test statistic. And the linear regression equation is amended by the method of amplifying or diminishing the corresponding coefficients according to t test statistic. Finally, it is certified by a simulation example.

For the purpose of better application, the nonlinear correction of the transducer is very important. In this paper, the nonlinear correction system for the thermal resistance transducer is researched to realize the nonlinear correction. The system consists of five parts including the thermal resistance transducer, the amplifying circuit, AD converting circuit, digital signal processor (DSP) unit and display module. As for the algorithms that are applied in the system, the neural network method and linear interpolation method are discussed. And nonlinear correction experiments by means of the two kinds of algorithms were done. Through the experiments, it is proved that the nonlinear correction system based on DSP is able to realize the nonlinear correction of the thermal resistance transducer, and the neural networks algorithm is more effective and accurate than the linear interpolation method.

A new design for micromachined capacitive Lamb wave transducers (mCLWT) has been developed. The design is based on a theoretical TDK model previously developed for groove ultrasonic transducers. By the investigation of the dynamic behavior of a rectangular high aspect ratio diaphragm of the mCLWTs, the second order bending mode of the diaphragm is exploited to excite and detect Lamb wave. The new exiting mechanism can minimize the energy of the acoustic radiation at the normal direction of the diaphragm so as to provide more energy coupled into the Lamb wave in the silicon substrate. Also, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of such a mCLWT can be determined accurately from its geometry and materials used, so the TDK model provides guidance for the optimal design of mCLWTs.

As a very important part in the robot sensory system, tactile sensing, like hearing and vision, is a particular means by which the robot acquires information from outside environment. In this paper, the theory model of intelligent robot tactile sensing costume is demonstrated, and further, according to the piezo-resistive property of conductive rubber the sensing costume made of tactile array is proposed. In the system, a practical system is designed for signal processing, data gathering and displaying. Results got from experiments are satisfactory.

A novel conception of automatic recognition for free-trouble sleeper springs is proposed and Adaboost algorithm based on Haar features is applied for the sleeper springs recognition in Trouble of moving Freight car Detection System (TFDS). In the recognition system, feature set of sleeper springs is determined by Haar features and selected by Adaboost algorithm. In order to recognize and select the free-trouble sleeper springs from all the captured dynamic images, a cascade of classifier is established by searching dynamic images. The amount of detected images is drastically reduced and the recognition efficiency is improved due to the conception of free-trouble recognition. Experiments show that the proposed method is characterized by simple feature, high efficiency and robustness. It performs high robustness against noise as well as translation, rotation and scale transformations of objects and indicates high stability to images with poor quality such as low resolution, partial occlusion, poor illumination and overexposure etc. The recognition time of a 640×480 image is about 16ms, and Correct Detection Rate is high up to about 97%, while Miss Detection Rate and Error Detection Rate are very low. The proposed method can recognize sleeper springs in all-weather conditions, which advances the engineering application for TFDS.

In this paper an adaptive inverse filter is employed which suppress noise within the bandwidth of the desired signal with the particular aim to improve the accuracy of WIM systems. Within the framework of the FIR filter, the inverse system of WIM system is constructed by using LMS adaptive algorithm as an innovative filter. Moreover, an additional filter, a noise filter, is adopted as well, in order to best improvement the measurement accuracy. The final results processed by cascaded filter combination show a significant improvement in estimation of static weight of moving vehicles.

It is proposed a method for camera calibration that could be used in stereo systems as well as in stereo head navigation in this paper. A pinhole camera model and two-dimensional planar target are considered. An Iterated Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is used to estimate camera parameters. The method takes the observed feature points of images as the filter input and the estimated value of the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters as the filter output. Both computer simulation and real data experiments have been used to test the proposed method, and good results have been obtained. The RMS error of absolute distance between reprojection feature points is about 0.09 pixels in real experiments. The experimental results show IEKF is also a feasible optimization algorithm for on-line camera calibration.

This article analyzed a kind of quartz fork resonant accelerometer. A model to calculate the resonant frequency is established. And also the sensitivity coefficient has been carried out. It can be showed that the coefficient is out of the influence of the parameter l as the length of the beam. This article also designed a set of typical structure parameters to illustrate algorism just established. Hope to be helpful for the design and the manufacture of this kind of accelerometers.

Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MIMO) random vibration test control technique is a key for reliability and environment test of large and complicated structures. It is very important to qualify the reliability of the products. MIMO random vibration testing control methods are discussed, and the whole control strategy, the control algorithm and the relevant technologies are introduced in this paper. The MIMO random vibration testing control software is developed under LabWindows/CVI. The prototype of the dual-shaker random vibration testing control system based on virtual instrumentation is composed of the control software and the data acquisition cards manufactured by NI Company. The design of this system and the closed loop control method is expatiated. The actual test is performed on the system. The test results are compared with the data measured by the HP35670 spectrum analyzer, and the coupling problem of MIMO, the resonance and anti-resonance problems are emphasized to discuss. The practical results show the control algorithm is correct under certain conditions, and the control results reach the test requirements.

The boundary-scan technology is widely proposed as the main test method in coping with the growing complexity of Multi-chip modules (MCM) and PCBs. In this paper, the IEEE 1149.1 standard and the IEEE 1149.5 standard are introduced. The whole architecture and the relevant module design of the VXI boundary-scan test system are discussed. The test software compatible with the Boundary-scan Description Language (BSDL) files and the netlist files are developed under LabWindows/CVI. The test items of the system are introduced briefly. The actual test is performed on a multi-chip module.

The advantages and the characteristics of the fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) for the space application, have been mentioned. There are differences of the FOG designing between application in space and other conditions especially the reliability. The life of space vehicle is usually between 5 years to 10 years . As one important part of the space vehicle, the reliability of the fiber optic gyroscope is critical. In this paper, two super luminescent diodes (SLD) design in fiber optical gyroscope have been discussed. It is necessary to greatly improve the reliability of fiber optical gyroscope for space application. The key techniques of the two SLD design have been proposed. To use two SLD, the design of FOG must be changed , control of the SLD is also important.

In view of bimodal piezoelectricity ceramics ultrasonic motor (USM), which is excited by the first order longitudinal vibrations modality and the first order bending vibrations modality, can not be actuated at a slower speed and its actuation sensitivity can not reach nanometer's magnitude under the AC actuation pattern of USM, this paper proposes a novel control technology, which realizes the functions of the step-by-step control and differential control of USM under the original AC actuation pattern through the synthesis of wavelet actuation wave composed of several periods of sine voltage waves whose amplitudes are altered according to a certain regularity. The experiment shows that the speed of USM could be smoothly lowered by reducing the output numbers of wavelet actuation waves within a period of time combined with adopting the differential control pattern of USM, the elliptical trajectory of the actuation head of USM was altered by changing the synchronized control voltage's difference across the two electrodes of USM, by which the actuation sensitivity of USM was improved greatly and therefore the actuation of nanometer's magnitude was achieved .

Temperature, humidity, altitude, vibration and ventilation combined environment test system is essential to reliability tests. Three computers are used to control the climate chamber subsystem, the vibration subsystem and the ventilation subsystem. Considering the hardware and software of the combined environment test system, the scheme of network communication combined to serial port communication is adopted to realize the centralized-control. The computer for climate chamber subsystem is used as supervisory computer based on the characteristic of combined environment stress.The communication of the supervisory computer with vibration control subsystem is based on network by DataSocket technology, The communication of the supervisory computer with PLC is accomplished by DLL based on SNP which is a novel protocol about the communication of GE 90-30 PLC. This system provides a scientific test means for checking environmental worthiness and qualification tests for different items

Perfusion hyperthermia is the first choice to treat tumor in the bladder, accordingly, accurate measurement and control of the perfusion water temperature is the key technology to decide the curative effect of hyperthermia for the tumor in bladder. Recently, for different kinds of machines of hyperthermia at home and abroad, it is difficult to realize online monitor and high-precision control of the hyperthermia temperature of the tumor tissue in bladder. Aimed at this, in this paper a method is proposed to realize nondestructive measurement of the temperature of tumor tissue via a micro temperature sensor buried in the head of a triple-cavity tube, fuzzy control algorithm is applied, and a control device is designed to perform the online monitor and intelligent control on the hyperthermia temperature of the tumor tissue in bladder. The experiment result shows that the method of real-time monitor and control on the hyperthermia temperature of the tumor tissue in bladder is feasible, and the developed monitor system is running reliably, easy to operate and gets a good control effect.

In order to meet requirements of the Multi-parametric Calibration System, an automatic calibration algorithm based on fixed priority is proposed. The algorithm allocates resources firstly according to the designed rule of dissemination of quality value. Then calibration tasks which use the same calibration instruments are executed in term of the priority and the other calibration tasks are executed parallel. Therefore, calibration instruments are sufficiently utilized comparing to the serial algorithms. The algorithm is tested in the calibration of developed portable test instrument. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective.

In the mine pit using the "U" ventilation systems, there is serious gas accumulating phenomenon nearby upper corner. If not effectively in time, the serious coal mine security accident will exist because of the gas ultra to limit. Through analysis to the gas accumulation reason and the distribution rule nearby upper corner, the situation is understood that the wind speed is extremely low near upper corner region and some parts is at eddy flow status; Using the practical and economical real-time monitoring system, accumulative gas can be scattered through the air flow perturbation of hydraulic blower. This method could reduce partial gas concentration of upper corner in order to meet the coal mine security production requirements

Being independent of platforms and languages is the key point of Microsoft .NET framework which will be the base of development of numerous softwares in the future. Measurement applications base on .Net framework possess advantages related on its portability, applicability and compatibility. This paper discusses how to construct a remote measurement & analysis platform based on .NET framework using NI Measurement Studio. To solve the question, some methods are introduced: Long distance controlling and monitoring via remote object methods calling based on Microsoft .NET remoting framework, High speed real-time mass data sharing based on data socket transfer protocol (DSTP) technology provided by NI Measurement Studio, and remote measurement system based on the combination of .NET remoting and DSTP. Methods above are applied to introduce an efficaciously way to develop a remote measurement platform and parallel measurement server platform in .NET framework with Measurement Studio. What's more, three application design of remote measurement platform are introduced: Remote experiment system of automatic control theory, Distributed medical consultation system and Meteorological satellite nephogram distributed processing platform.

We have developed a fiber optic gyroscope with accuracy better than 0.01°/s, size about 30 cm³. To reduce the size and the cost, the design utilizes the cheaper and smaller optical components, such as 850 nm light source without temperature control, a small fiber coil with only about 55 m fiber length and a PIN in place of the traditional PIN-FET. In electronic circuit, the minimum configuration with integration and multiplexing of electronic components is used. To guarantee the performance, the output power stability and degree of polarization of light source, the strong birefringence in small coil and I/V conversion in preamplifier circuit has been taken into consideration in the design. Having a small size, low cost and sufficient performance, this kind of fiber optic gyro is suitable for applications in a wide variety of weapon systems.

Certification of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) to equipments in countries all over the world makes EMC measurement necessary in the procedure of product development. A radiated EMI measuring system is presented for objective of EMC studies. It includes two parts. The first part is constitution of the system. Equipments already existed may be used. A computer is connected with an antenna tower, a turntable and an EMI receiver or a spectrum analyzer for measurement via GPIB interface. Operators can use software to control instruments and guide measurement. The second part is controlling and measuring method. Relationships of electromagnetic emission frequency, antenna elevation and turntable azimuth with electric field are analyzed. Method is given to speed up procedure of radiated EMI measurement.

An active magnetic bearing digital controller is presented. This system is based on high-speed floating-point digital signal processor (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA). The active vibration control algorithms are coded in C language where is possible to reduce the probabilities of software errors occurring and to reduce the debugging time for those errors and are executed by the high-speed floating-point DSP. This paper describes the implementation of the controller. The proposed digital control system can meet the requirement of enough throughput which is difficult using a single fixed-pointing DSP, realize integration of magnetic bearings controller and have the merits of easily to maintain and be applied in other magnetic bearings systems. The system has been applied successfully in several actual magnetic bearings systems at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the experimental results verify its feasibility.

A novel method to detect power quality disturbance of distribution power system combing complex wavelet transform (WT) with radial basis function (RBF) neural network is presented. The paper tries to explain to design complex supported orthogonal wavelets by Morlet compactly supported orthogonal real wavelets, and then explore the extraction of disturbance signal to obtain the feature information, and finally propose several novel wavelet combined information (CI) to analyze the disturbance signal, superior to real wavelet analysis result. The feature obtained from WT coefficients are inputted into RBF network for power quality disturbance pattern recognition. The power quality disturbance recognition model is established and the synthesized method of recursive orthogonal least squares algorithm (ROLSA) with improved Givens transform is used to fulfill the network structure and parameter identification. By means of choosing enough samples to train the recognition model, the type of disturbance can be obtained when signal representing fault is inputted to the trained network. The results of simulation analysis show that the complex WT combined with RBF network are more sensitive to signal singularity, and found to be significant improvement over current methods in real-time detection and better noise proof ability.

LXI (LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation), which is an extension of the widely used Ethernet technology in the automatic testing field, is the next generation instrumental platform. LXI standard is based on the industry standard Ethernet technolog, using the standard PC interface as the primary communication bus between devices. It implements the IEEE802.3 standard and supports TCP/IP protocol. LXI takes the advantage of the ease of use of GPIB-based instruments, the high performance and compact size of VXI/PXI instruments, and the flexibility and high throughput of Ethernet all at the same time. The paper firstly introduces the specification of LXI standard. Then, an automatic testing network architecture which is based on LXI platform is proposed. The automatic testing network is composed of several sets of LXI-based instruments, which are connected via an Ethernet switch or router. The network is computer-centric, and all the LXI-based instruments in the network are configured and initialized in computer. The computer controls the data acquisition, and displays the data on the screen. The instruments are using Ethernet connection as I/O interface, and can be triggered over a wired trigger interface, over LAN or over IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol running over the LAN interface. A hybrid automatic testing network comprised of LXI compliant devices and legacy instruments including LAN instruments as well as GPIB, VXI and PXI products connected via internal or external adaptors is also discussed at the end of the paper.

The trigger bus, star trigger bus and system reference clock of PXI (PCI eXtension for Instrumentation) bus provide a low-cost and convenient solution for test and measurement system; On the other hand, characteristics such as real-time, smart and embedded in an object by controlled of embedded system provide an outstanding supervisory flat. In this paper, an external clock is provided to the four data acquisition modules with the same function by using the system reference clock of PXI bus, and solve timing and synchronization problems among the modules by using its trigger bus when an internal reference clock is used, thereby, an almost zero delay parallel synchronization system is realized. Every data acquisition module is made up of an analog board with amplifier, anti-aliasing filter, ADC and a digital board with high performance DSP, FPGA, SRRAM, DPRAM, PCI interface chip, and there is a real time operating system kernel (DSP/BIOS) that is embedded in the DSP to control data acquisition and storage, produce and set the sampling clock, control the length of sampling data, feed back the status of system running, and exchange data with host and do preprocessing arithmetic for sampling data. The preprocessing arithmetic in the DSP includes wave algorithm (plus, subtract, integral and differential coefficient, etc.) and wave filter (limiting amplifier, jitter elimination, median value and smoothing etc.) in time domain and FFT, IIR filter (high-pass, low-pass, band-pass and band-stop.) and FIR (high-pass, low-pass, band-pass and band-stop.) filter in frequency domain. The PXI chassis exchange DSP code, control or status information and data (including raw data and processed data) by using MXI-3 bus, and a DDK driver is designed in order to improve data storage speed to SCSI hard disk, which makes the data escape the file system of operating system. In order to decrease the velocity of refreshing screen and weaken the effect of glittering in the screen, the data from PXI chassis is displayed in the memory first in the form of bitmap and then paste it to screen wholly, which greatly increases the speed and quality of real time plot.

This paper presents a method on how to reload the operating system on nano-satellite, in case of problems on the on-board computer subsystem. In this scheme, the ground station sends a command to the on-board computer subsystem to turn it on with the operating system reloaded. With the technology of operating system reloading, the reliability of the on-board computer subsystem is improved remarkably. It is very significant for the integration design and the integration electronic technologies for nano-satellite.

It presents an electric power quality analysis meter according to the concept and requirement of its function. The circuit theory of the system is showed in this paper. The two microprocessors, one is DSP, one is ARM7-44B0X, and a high-speed A/D was used to realize the data could be collected and analyzed efficiently. And it was used to measure and control remotely that the CAN bus connecting the meter and its upper computer. There are four program modules in the software of the meter: the analysis database of power quality, data analysis, data communication, man-computer interface. It was showed that the design of four modules and the flow chart of function program. According to the different data structure of the meter and the basic fundamental of data transfers, it was designed to solve the data transfers and transfer of control that remote measurement and control of upper computer in the module of communication. The module of data analysis analyzes and calculates the parameters of the meter and draws their curves so that the dynamic measuring data would be analyzed and the wave curve would be showed real-timely.

A constrained feedback technique is imposed to the original Pyragas' controller, and used to control the chaotic motions in the nonlinear system of a gear pair with backlash. Firstly, an unstable periodic orbit lying on the chaotic attractor of the nonlinear dynamic system is taken for the target orbit of the control system, and a specifically oscillator is concocted for acquiring the scale between the output signal and the target orbit. Secondly, the difference (change continuously) between the external oscillator and the output signal of the control system, as the control signal, is led into the system with negative feedback, and the chaos system can arrive at stable period orbit by adjusting the gain coefficient. The constrained feedback technique is offered by constraining the perturbation in the saturating bounds. Finally, the desired periodic orbit such as period-one, period-two, and period-four orbits in the gear pair chaotic motions are stabilized by using the constrained feedback control method. The simulation results show the constrained feedback method proposed by this paper is more stable than the original Pyragas' method.

This paper is related to a doubly-fed linear motor, which is applied for a mechatronic railway system based on the operation of shuttles. Compared with conventional trains, a single axle undercarriage is developed for the shuttle. The primary of the linear motor is installed between the rails and the secondary is fixed on the axle via the middle. In order to prevent the secondary from pitching and maintain a constant air gap between the primary and the secondary, a proper air gap control strategy must be designed without any influence on the motion control, a real time measurement of the air gap is also required. On the basis of choosing a right reference frame, the author proposed a separate air gap and velocity control and a coupled air gap and velocity control in the previous papers. This paper focuses on the topic of having an air gap control with minimal power loss to generate the control effect. Through extensive theoretical investigations, a conclusion is drawn for the practical implementation, i.e. a combination of separation and coupled air gap and motion control. Finally, the experimental results are presented and analyzed.

The boundary scan technology can make virtual probing, which could improve the overall testability of product and provide an effective approach for PCB's automatic testing based on the bus. In this paper, a new boundary scan cell insertion algorithm is put forward. Grounded on the simplified test signal flow graph st-SFG for modeling the board, the algorithm uses a testability measure based on controllability and observability to evaluate the every node, which is defined according the distance of nodes and primary I/O. At last, an example is given to verify the algorithm. In conclusion, the algorithm in this paper solve the placement problem of boundary scan cell during the PCB automatic testing using the boundary scan buses, which has very important application value.

This paper proposes a new reactive power compensation controller based on SOC in order to control reactive power and voltage. The result of experiment showed that this project can not only effectively detect the oscillatory switching time after time of capacitors in their group boxes but also have the advantage of simple structure, high reliability and low cost, Because of the SOC integrating A/D convert unit, LCD/LED display unit and Multi-functional power measurement unit. An electric-current measure circuit is also designed in this article, which can detect capacitor group troubles. This system can also realized the assistant functions of calculating and displaying voltage, current, active power, reactive power, frequency and power factor of three phases.

With rapid progress of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in manufacturing industry, automatic generation of inspection planning of product and the integration with other activities in product lifecycle play important roles in quality control. But the techniques for these purposes are laggard comparing with techniques of CAD/CAM. Therefore, an automatic inspection planning system for Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) was developed to improve the automatization of measuring based on the integration of inspection system in PLM. Feature information representation is achieved based on a PLM canter database; measuring strategy is optimized through the integration of multi-sensors; reasonable number and distribution of inspection points are calculated and designed with the guidance of statistic theory and a synthesis distribution algorithm; a collision avoidance method is proposed to generate non-collision inspection path with high efficiency. Information mapping is performed between Neutral Interchange Files (NIFs), such as STEP, DML, DMIS, XML, etc., to realize information integration with other activities in the product lifecycle like design, manufacturing and inspection execution, etc. Simulation was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system. As a result, the inspection process is becoming simpler and good result can be got based on the integration in PLM.

Motorcycle crankshaft is a special rigid rotor. It is composed of crankshaft, connecting rod and slider. It belongs to unbalanced rotor. Most of traditional methods of measuring unbalance value of crankshaft are not continuous, which need human intervention. So the measurement time is long and measurement accuracy is not high. To solve the above problem, a novel computer-based measurement is developed. The software of the measuring system is developed based on G-language, namely LabVIEW. The hardware system includes accelerate sensors, multi-function Data Acquisition (DAQ) card and industrial control computer. When the crankshaft rotates, its centrifugal forces are generated which result in the supporting structure (also called vibration table) vibrating. Data acquisition, signal processing and analysis can obtain unbalance value including amplitude and phrases. Computer-based measurement is used with software to set up automated test system that can make fast measurements without human intervention. The application of virtual instruments makes date analysis more accurate, and decreases the measuring time significantly; a complete measurement can be finished in 25s. The results show that this new measuring system has the advantages of easy-of-use, high precision, high efficiency and low costs.

In a large-scale warship electronic equipment ATE, the main testing system is designed as an intermediate-level test system, which will perform automatic test and fault localization up to SRUs level. UUTs of the system are faulty LRUs. Different from small-scale aircraft avionics, Built-In Test (BIT) in current warships electronic equipments might arise too much ambiguous fault isolation and could not detect the failure of cables, which results in high false removal rates and causes a lot of manpower and resources waste. The situation will be worse when the deployment of main testing system is usually confined to the site. In this paper, we aim at developing a kind of Portable Maintenance Aid Equipment (PMAE) based on VXI bus technology in order to overcome above restrictions where 0-slot controller as well as some dedicated test modules are designed using ARM based embedded system. The PMAE could cooperate with the main testing system in realizing remote measurement and control through virtual instrument (VI) technology, thus the localization veracity of faulty LRUs and cables could be greatly improved. Test results indicated good performance of this scheme, thereby greatly augmenting diagnostic capacity and efficiency of the large-scale warships ATE.

The novel railway system RailCab makes use of autonomous vehicles which are driven by an AC linear motor. Depending on the track-side motor part, long-stator or short-stator operations are possible. The paper deals with the operation of the doubly-fed induction motor which is used for motion control and for transferring the energy required onboard the vehicle. This type of linear motor synchronization of the traveling fields generated by the stationary primary and moving secondary windings is an important and demanding task because the instantaneous positions of the vehicle or the primary traveling wave must be determined with high accuracy. The paper shows how this task is solved at the moment and what improvements are under development.

A new method of soft sensing based on process neural network (PNN) for sewage disposal system is represented in the paper. PNN is an extension of traditional neural network, in which the inputs and outputs are time-variation. An aggregation operator is introduced to process neuron, and it makes the neuron network has the ability to deal with the information of space-time two dimensions at the same time, so the data processing enginery of biological neuron is imitated better than traditional neuron. Process neural network with the structure of three layers in which hidden layer is process neuron and input and output are common neurons for soft sensing is discussed. The intelligent soft sensing based on PNN may be used to fulfill measurement of the effluent BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) from sewage disposal system, and a good training result of soft sensing was obtained by the method.

Since the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products are affected by raw material, machining and many other factors, it is difficult for traditional Chinese medicine production process especially the extracting process to ensure the steady and homogeneous quality. At the same time, there exist some quality control blind spots due to lacking on-line quality detection means. But if infrared spectrum analysis technology was used in traditional Chinese medicine production process on the basis of off-line analysis to real-time detect the quality of semi-manufactured goods and to be assisted by advanced automatic control technique, the steady and homogeneous quality can be obtained. It can be seen that the on-line detection of extracting process plays an important role in the development of Chinese patent medicines industry. In this paper, the design and implement of a traditional Chinese medicine extracting process monitoring experiment system which is based on PROFIBUS-DP field bus, OPC, and Internet technology is introduced. The system integrates intelligence node which gathering data, superior sub-system which achieving figure configuration and remote supervisory, during the process of traditional Chinese medicine production, monitors the temperature parameter, pressure parameter, quality parameter etc. And it can be controlled by the remote nodes in the VPN (Visual Private Network). Experiment and application do have proved that the system can reach the anticipation effect fully, and with the merits of operational stability, real-time, reliable, convenient and simple manipulation and so on.

Data transfer based on bus and high-speed data storage are always the bottleneck of the data acquisition and measure system. An effective way to developing real-time data transfer and storage is combining high bandwidth of PXI bus and high-speed operation ability of DSP. The interface technique between PXI bus and PCI bus and the design of high-speed data transfer channel are two key techniques. In this paper, it is introduced about the resolving and implementation of these techniques.

Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) approach is investigated and applied for fault diagnosis of electric apparatus control system under working state, the aim is to achieve accurate fault type identification when component failures. After fault occurrence relationships among fault types, fault feature and fault cause are analyzed, non-linear mapping relationship between fault feature and fault cause is extracted based on engineering viewpoint, in which 5 significant measure parameters is treated as network input, and 11 typical fault type is treated as output. In order to reduce training time and accelerate convergence speed, K-mean clustering and adaptive learning method is adopted to improve RBF neural network performance. Simulation and test result is shown, and comparison between RBF network and BP network is also discussed to validate the method.

This paper is to apply State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) method, a recently proposed control method for nonlinear dynamical system, in the control system of hypersonic missile. Firstly a SDRE autopilot is designed and used in the control system, which concludes six blocks that are target, kinemics and proportional navigation guidance, BTT logic, SDRE autopilot, actuator and missile dynamics. The SDRE autopilot contains two controllers, one is the slow-loop controller which converts the angle of attack, sideslip and bank angle commands to the body rate commands, and the other is the fast-loop controller to convert the body rates commands to the fin deflections. Soft bounds on the fin deflections are embedded in the fast-loop controller to make sure that the commanded deflections are achievable. The two controllers are based on a six-degrees-of-freedom model which is seriously coupling. The guidance law used here is three-dimensional proportional navigation (PN), its main idea is to decompose the variables in three-dimensional space into two planes and use the conventional PN individually. At last a simulation example is given, the results show that the SDRE autopilot has good performance, and the availability of the control system is demonstrated.

Dynamic inversion method can not only remove a system's nonlinear factors, but also achieve the system's dynamic decoupling. But its decoupling effect completely depends on the accuracy of the mathematical model of the system. A dynamic decoupling fuzzy control method for MIMO system is presented in this paper, which employs the dynamic inversion method to decouple the multivariable system and introduces a fuzzy controller, without quantification, with correcting function, and expressed in analytic form to overcome the poor decoupling effect when the system model is inaccurate. It is feasible and convenient to compute, tune, and realize the control rules by computer, to adjust the parameters of the controller and to optimize the design of the control system, for the rules are described by analytical expression. The method is adopted to design vertical transition mode of an active control aircraft for gust alleviation. The control laws and simulation diagrams of the system are designed. Simulation results in MATLAB show that the vertical transition mode designed by dynamic decoupling fuzzy control method increases the gust-against effect by about 34% compared with that of a normal aircraft.

As enlarging of the flight envelop, the aerodynamic derivative of the airplane varies enormous. The gain scheduling method is usually used to deal with it. But the workload is enormously and the stability is difficulty to be assured. To solve the above problem, a large envelope wavelet neural network gain scheduling flight control law design method based on genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. Wavelet has good time accuracy in high frequency-domain and the good frequency accuracy in low frequency-domain. Neural network has the self-learning character. In this method, wavelet function instead of Sigmoid function as the excitation function. So the two merits are merged and the high nonlinear function approximation capability could be achieved. In order to obtain higher accuracy and faster speed, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the wavelet neural network. This method is used in design the large envelope gain scheduling flight control law. This simulation results show that good control capability could be achieved in large envelope and the system is still stable when modeling error is 20%. In the situation of 20% modeling error, the maximum overshoot is only 12m and it is 35% of the maximum overshoot using normal method.

The friction characteristic between road surface and tire makes the anti-lock braking system (ABS) take on the properties of nonlinearity, time variation and uncertainties. The sliding mode variable structure controller (SMVSC) has strong robust ability in dealing with uncertainties including the model error and unknown interference, so SMVSC is used in ABS extensively. In order to achieve expected performance, SMVSC has to identify the road characteristics in real time. The mathematical model of ABS is established, and the application of SMVSC in ABS is realized. One kind of estimation algorithm of optimal slip ratio based on the shape of μ-λ curve is proposed. By computer simulation, the feasibility and validity of SMVSC based on optimal slip ratio is verified.

The purpose of the paper is to determine the nominal trajectory of a hypersonic vehicle. Angle of attack is used as control variable to optimize the trajectory, and the problem is cast as the optimal control problem and the first order necessary condition is obtained by use of Pontriaghin Maximum Principle. It is in the form of a two point boundary value problem, and which is solved by means of the gene algorithm. Firstly the region of value of the angle of attack is obtained by solving suboptimal trajectory, then the region of initial value of the adjoint variables is estimated as a result, finally the optimal initial value of adjoint variables are obtained by gene algorithm. The aboved method is used on a hypersonic vehicle to obtain the maximum terminal velocity optimal trajectory with heat rate constraint. It is shown that the terminal velocity is larger than that of the suboptimal flight trajectory. The numerical example also shows that the gene algorithm was a perfect method to solve two point boundary value problem.

A multi-resource image fusion(MIF) based scene matching (SM) simulation platform is proposed, and each function module of the platform is designed. The methods how to generate CCD and SAR simulated real-time images are given. Matching probability, matching precision and matching rate are used as the performance measures of the MIF based SM system. The CCD/SAR image fusion based SM system is studied based on the simulation platform. Simulation results show that the platform can make quantitative evaluation to different simulation scheme and different fusion algorithm through some performance measures, and provide instructions for the design of real MIF based SM systems.

An active power filter (APF) is a device that is connected in parallel to and cancels the reactive and harmonic currents from a group of nonlinear loads so that the resulting total current drawn from the ac main is sinusoidal. This paper proposes a three-phase four-leg active power filter based on space-vector and one-cycle control (OCC) that has the functions of harmonic suppression, reactive power compensation, unbalanced load correction, and source neutral current limitation. It eliminates the use of any multipliers, the need of sensing load current, and the nontrivial task of calculating the harmonics, reactive and source neutral current components, as required by previously reported control method. It has the advantages of no need for reference calculation, space-vector operation, and flexible structure for three-wire or fourwire system. All analysis and results were verified by simulation based on a three-phase 6kW active power filter.

The three-phase inverters with the conventional space-vector pulse wide modulation (SVPWM) have fast dynamic response, but it is complex to be implemented and needs highly speed microprocessor. A new simplified SVPWM is proposed in this paper. The control circuit is very simply and it can be realized with analogy parts or simply microprocessor. Based on the theory analyzing, the duty ratio formulas are given. By the formulas the duty ratio can be computed and the simplified SVPWM is implemented on the inverter. The proposed method has the advantage of conventional SVPWM method with fast dynamic response and it is simple to be implemented. The new simplified SVPWM is validated by computer simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed new method is valid and feasible.

Historically, aircraft longitudinal control has been realized by means of two loops: flight path (the control variable is elevator displacement) and speed control (the control variable is propulsive thrust or engine power). Both the elevator and throttle control cause coupled altitude and speed response, which exerts negative effects on longitudinal flight performance of aircraft, especially for Terrain Following(TF) flight. Energy-based method can resolve coupled problem between flight speed and path by controlling total energy rate and energy distribution rate between elevator and throttle. In this paper, energy-based control method is applied to design a TF flight control system for controlling flight altitude directly. An error control method of airspeed and altitude is adopted to eliminate the stable error of the total energy control system when decoupling control. Pitch loop and pitch rate feedback loop are designed for the system to damp the oscillatory response produced by TF system. The TF flight control system structure diagram and an aircraft point-mass energy motion model including basic control loops are given and used to simulate decoupling performance of the TF fight control system. Simulation results show that the energy-based TF flight control system can decouple flight velocity and flight path angle, exactly follow planned flight path, and greatly reduce altitude error, which is between +10m and -8m.

In recent years, because of the emerging requirements for increasing autonomy, the controller of uninhabited air vehicles must be augmented with a very sophisticated autopilot design which is capable of tracking complex and agile maneuvering trajectory. This paper provides a simplified control system framework to solve UAV maneuvering trajectory tracking problem. The flight control system is divided into three subsystems including command generation, transformation and allocation. According to the kinematics equations of the aircraft, flight path angle commands can be generated by desired 3D position from path planning. These commands are transformed to body angular rates through direct nonlinear mapping, which is simpler than common multi-loop method based on time scale separation assumption. Then, by using weighted pseudo-inverse method, the control surface deflections are allocated to follow body angular rates from the previous step. In order to improve the robustness, a nonlinear disturbance observer-based approach is used to compensate the uncertainty of system. A 6DOF nonlinear UAV model is controlled to demonstrate the performance of the trajectory tracking control system. Simulation results show that the control strategy is easy to be realized and the precision of tracking is satisfying.

This paper presents the keys and features of the series-parallel compensated UPS in the first place, and analyses the theory and importance of series Delta converter and parallel high frequency main converter in the whole system. The control strategy of the series-parallel converters' SPWM controllers are investigated. In the end, from the simulation results of the load voltage and current, this paper proves the circuit and control arithmetic of the whole UPS.

To improve the low-speed dynamic performance of induction motor in direct torque control (DTC), a novel method of stator resistance identification based on wavelet network (WN) is presented and the determination of wavelet network structure is discussed. The inputs of the WN are the current error and the change in the current error and the output of the WN is the stator resistance error. The improved least squares algorithm (LSA) is used to fulfill the network structure and parameter identification. By the use of wavelet transform that accurately localizes the characteristics of a signal both in the time and frequency domains, the occurring instants of the stator resistance change can be identified by the multi-scale representation of the signal. Once the instants are detected, the accurate stator flux vector and electromagnetic torque are acquired by the parameter estimator, which makes the DTC applicable in the low region, optimizing the inverter control strategy. By detailed comparison between the wavelet and the typical backward-propagation (BP) neural network, the simulation results show that the proposed method can efficiently reduce the torque ripple and current ripple, superior to the BP neural network.

This paper presents the application of WinCC in Logistics Automatic Control System on the experiment facility of miniature warehouse. The information management system, the supervisory control system and the PLC execution part are developed. The communication between WinCC and PLC based on the PROFIBUS protocol is implemented. DDE Communication, VB as server and WinCC as client, is realized. The system combines information management and supervisory control together and works well. It would be applicable to industry after deeper study.

A direct fuzzy model reference adaptive control is proposed in this paper. The designed controller employs direct feedback linearization, coupled with a pseudo control variable to linearize the nonlinear system. A fuzzy adaptive compensator based on universal approximation is designed to cancel the system pseudo error, disturbance and system interconnection. Furthermore, a dynamic compensator is designed to stabilize the system. The proposed algorithm is proved by Lyapunov stability theory to be asymptotically stable. Simulation results are given to demonstrate that the designed system has perfect tracking performance.

An adaptive fuzzy PID controller is proposed to solve the problem that long time delay systems are difficult to be controlled. The controller is obtained by combining the fuzzy controller with PID controller in series, namely the output of the fuzzy controller is as the input of PID, and the control parameters of PID change nonlinearly with the system error's change. Meanwhile, the output scaling gain K_u of the fuzzy controller can be adaptively regulated. Two regulation methods are presented: one is that the linear function between K_u and the system's error is built up based on the system's dynamical characteristics; the other is that K_u is automatically regulated with the fuzzy inference whose two inputs are the comprehensive performance index and its change, the output is the increment of K_u. In the paper, we combine the controlled system with PID controller as an integrated system, and then build up its discrete state space model in the condition that the system's output delays. Based on these, the system's stability is analyzed with Lyapunov Direct Method. Simulation test results show the method provides good control performances to long time delay systems.

To improve the reliability, it is necessary that control systems are built with redundancy topology architecture to eliminate the single point failures. In this paper, reliability theory and redundancy management are presented as two important aspects to research on the redundancy topology architecture for the control system of spacecraft. First, it analyzes a redundancy topology diagram based on the basic reliability formulae. Then this paper presents four redundancy management modes and the program flow diagrams of their processing.

A 2-position analytic alignment method for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is developed to overcome the limit on precision in analytic alignment on stationary base, which mainly comes from the performance of inertial measurement unit (IMU). IMU is successively rest at two positions by rotating the vehicle to measure the earth's rotation rate and gravity, and measurement at one position is subtracted from the other to eliminate constant error of IMU to improve alignment precision. Transformation matrix between two vehicle reference frames is calculated using output of gyros during the vehicle's rotation. An improved method for estimating gesture matrix is developed to avoid matrix nonreversibility. Error analysis is performed to determine the available precision which is demonstrated by computer simulation.

With the development of new underwater navigation technology, the passive navigation based on geophysical information is more and more realized by people, such as gravity, magnetism, topography. Gravity aided navigation is the localization technology of combination the stored gravity map and the gravity data measured in real time. One of the key technologies of Gravity aided navigation is to construct a high accuracy gravity map to meet the demands of navigation. The main gravity measurement manners are satellite altimetry, airborne gravity measurement and ship gravity measurement. These different ways have their own characteristic and adapt area, reflecting the different frequency gravity information. In order to construct a high accuracy gravity map, it is necessary to combine three kind data for the whole description of gravity. Thus, how to effective make a combination of these gravity information is important. In this paper, the basic idea of gravity aided navigation is briefly introduced, based on the above, combination method is researched, and the simulation on the method are performed to evaluate the effect of the algorithm. It is a new try for constructing high accuracy marine gravity map.

In this paper, a H_infinity controller based on sensitivity function is designed after the system analyzing and model building on magnetic bearing of reaction flywheel which has an external rotor, a large moment and a small span. The simulation results of PID and H_infinity controller are given also. The results indicate that the H_infinity controller can provide more robustness, higher control accuracy and higher ability of disturbance limiting than PID controller.

An improved set membership identification algorithm by zonotopes is proposed for time-varying parameterized discretetime systems. The system noises are assumed to be unknown but bounded (UBB). The improved algorithm based on a tighter description of the intersection of a zonotope and a strip can give a smaller zonotope containing the parameters consistent with measured outputs and the given bounds of the noises. Simulation experiments are conducted showing the performance of the improved algorithm as compared to the original algorithm and the recursive optimal bounding parallelotope (ROBP) algorithm. Two types of parameter variation, uniformly distributed and uniformly heavy tailed parameter variations, are considered. The results show that the improved algorithm is the best in terms of the guaranteed bounds of the parameters.

The actuators for the spacecraft attitude control system are highly complex. It is hard to avoid failing to work after longtime working on the orbit. When some actuators are broken and the number of useful actuators is less than three, the attitude control system becomes underactuated. The controllability of the underactuated attitude control system can not be guaranteed under most situations. Thus, the controllability of the attitude system was studied for the underactuated spacecraft only with two thrusters. For a nonlinear control system, if its drift vector field was weakly positively Poisson stable (WPPS), the sufficient and necessary condition of controllability was that the system satisfied the Lie algebra rank condition (LARC). From this point, the controllability of the underactuated attitude control system was studied by two steps: The first step was to show that the drift vector field was WPPS by using Liouville's theorem and Poincare's recurrence theorem. Secondly, the sufficient and necessary condition for the LARC is obtained by using Lie algebra tools. Thus, the sufficient and necessary condition for the controllability of the underactuated spacecraft attitude control system is derived.

The accuracy and complexity of fuzzy control systems are problems worthy of study deeply. The high accuracy of control means that the controlled variables will have to be represented at fine granularity which increases the complexity of controller. To attain the prescribed accuracy in reducing control complexity, a multi-granular fuzzy adaptive controller is proposed which represents the process of reaching goal at different spaces of the information granularity. When the prescribed accuracy is low, a coarse fuzzy controller can be used. As the process moves from high level to low level, the prescribed accuracy becomes higher and the information granularity to fuzzy controller becomes finer. In this controller, a rough plan is generated to reach the final goal firstly. Then, the plan is decomposed to many sub-goals which are submitted to the next lower level of hierarchy. And the more refined plans to reach these sub-goals are determined. If needed, this process of successive refinement continues until the final prescribed accuracy is obtained. In addition, the methods are presented to determine the depth of levels and the number of granules in each level. Finally, the simulation results of double inverted pendulum indicate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

At present years, fuzzy control technique has been applied and extended on engineering control. The paper adopts 89C52 single chip (SCM) as the hardware platform and applies fuzzy control strategy and algorithm to realize the design of the fuzzy controller. The controller composed to be a closed-loop real-time control system by computer, A/D, D/A, sensor, executed motor and controlled object. The structure is a double closed-loop control structure. The system is a double closed-loop control system. Inner loop adopts an analog current controller and outer loop adopts a digital controller. The system applied fuzzy control strategy and algorithm. The controller takes Volts D.C. signal, pulse signal, analog feedback current signal as its input and on-off magnetism team motor as its control structure. That is to say, the controller is divided into basic fuzzy control and warp integral control, increases proportional integral, decreases the fluctuation near the zero in order to improve the precision of controller.

In this paper, a robust controller is designed by feedback linearization for a class of single-input single-output uncertain nonlinear multiple-time-delay system. First the linearization of the system without uncertainties is obtained which is independent of time delays. Then a feasible method is proposed to deal with the uncertainties and the internal dynamic subsystem, under which the whole system is transformed to a normal form. A method based on the Lyapunov theory for the robust stability of the whole system will be derived. A robust controller will be designed for the overall closed-loop system under some conditions. Finally, an example is provided to validate the proposed method.

This paper considers the networked control problem of a class of discrete-time linear system with noise disturbance and modeling uncertainties. Based on guaranteed cost control theory and dynamic dissipative control theory, the sufficient conditions for the system to be stabilizable by memoryless state feedback controller are given. In terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, we demonstrate that the controller can be designed by a simple procedure. Compare with the existed papers which studied the system with modeling uncertainties or time-delay or noise disturbance, this paper considers not only modeling uncertainties and multiple time-delay, but also exterior noise disturbance in Networked Control system (NCS).

Outlier in observed sequence is an important factor that affects the result of Kalman filter, which affects the properties of filter's innovation and accuracy. There are outliers in servo control system of simulation table which affect the stability of simulation table. In order to improve the properties of the system, a modified method, adding an activity function to Kalman filter, is presented, which can keep nearly same properties to the situation without outliers. The result of experimentation shows that the modified method efficiently resistant to outliers in observed data.

This paper analyses the disturbance torque causing by the unbalance vibration of the high speed rotor, and presents a controller of disturbance observer (DOB) with LMS algorithm. This method can effectively control disturbance torque in MSCMG gimbal system. Simulation results show that the method is effective and practical.

The control system adopts an adaptive fuzzy system to account for the complicated process dynamics characterized by nonlinear, time-varying parameters, uncertain and load disturbances properties. Firstly, the system is divided into two parts, one is known linear part and the other is unknown nonlinear part. And a feedback controller is designed for the known part to assure its stability. Secondly, a fuzzy basic function is used only to study the upper bound of the unknown part and it is used as the parameter of the compensating controller. Finally, an adaptive fuzzy controller and its adaptive law is designed based on Lyapunov function to guarantee robustness of closed-loop system and the convergence to zero is speeded up. A series of simulation works have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed control system. The control performance is analyzed in detailed in terms of the system response speed and robustness under varieties of conditions. The conclusion shows the controller is valid.

Because of nonlinearity and strong coupling of reaction-jet and aerodynamics compound control missile, a missile autopilot design method based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) is proposed in this paper. The universal approximation ability of adaptive fuzzy system is used to approximate the nonlinear function in missile dynamics equation during the flight of high angle of attack. And because the sliding mode control is robustness to external disturbance strongly, the sliding mode surface of the error system is constructed to overcome the influence of approximation error and external disturbance so that the actual overload can track the maneuvering command with high precision. Simulation results show that the missile autopilot designed in this paper not only can track large overload command with higher precision than traditional method, but also is robust to model uncertainty and external disturbance strongly.

An adaptive decentralized fusion algorithm based on H_∞ filter and fuzzy adaptive fusion is proposed for radar/infrared dual mode guidance system, which combines the merits of H_∞ filter and fuzzy logic. To overcome the defect of the dependence on priori assumption of noise covariance matrices of Kalman filter, H_∞ filter is introduced, which needs no priori knowledge of process and measurement noise covariance matrices. Fuzzy inference system is applied for its simplicity of the approach and the capability of processing imprecise information. The performance of the each filter is evaluated with a confidence degree based on fuzzy logic and covariance-matching technique. The fusion center fuses the local tracks adaptively according to the performance of each filter. The algorithm is implemented in three steps. First, the H_∞ filter is used to process the measurement-vector from each sensor to obtain the local state estimate, thus two H_∞ filters work in parallel. Then fuzzy inference system is employed to assign the confidence degree of each H_∞filter. Finally, local state estimates are fed to fusion center to obtain the fused state estimate based on the confidence degrees. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed algorithm.

Based on the theoretic analysis of performance of the induction motor (IM), the increment of electromagnetic torque of IM is analyzed in detail. this paper explains the reason why the IM performance in the low speed region is poor under conventional direct torque control (DTC). Then one new control strategy of IM is proposed on the basis of classical direct torque control (DTC). The scheme is replacing the single voltage space vector with high frequency voltage pulse when IM runs in the low speed region. By control voltage pulse, a fuzzy neural network direct torque control system based on TMS320F240 is made. The high frequency voltage purls make system's impedance improve obviously. It can effectively reduce the influence of stator resistance in flux linkage. Then, we can avoid facing the tradition stator resistance examining problem. Through duty ratio control technique in high frequency voltage pulse, this scheme can effectively reduce the torque ripple in low speed and static function of the system is improved greatly. The results of the experiment verified the feasibility of the proposed strategy.

Some research results of pseudolite (PL)'s application in air-based information system are presented in this paper. The study include followings: 1) A regional positioning system (RPS) using PL alone. 2) A PL/INS or PL/INS/Optical detector integrated approaching and landing system for aircrafts and MAVs. 3) A PL/INS/Odometer integrated navigation system for ground-moving vehicles. The positioning scheme and models of integration are presented, and some simulation results are introduced and analyzed. Some special problems of the PL signal, such as near-far problem, multipath problem and time synchronization, are also discussed in the paper. The research work is important for navigation/positioning when GPS signal is jammed or is not available. Also, the PL/INS and the PL/INS/Odometer integrated navigation system can be extended to civil airplane approaching and landing system, taking off and landing evaluation system and high precision positioning and fast azimuth determining system.

Considering unknown nonlinearities, external disturbances and parameter perturbations existing in the flight simulator, A backstepping and slide mode controller is designed for the flight simulator. Firstly, the dynamic model of the flight simulator is proposed by test. Secondly, the backstepping controller with friction parameter update law is deduced for this dynamic model. Finally, simulation results show that the output from the system can achieve asymptotic tracking of the given position reference signal and the aberration of velocity response under the control of common PID controller is overcome.

When Strap-down Inertial Navigation System (SINS) works in a vibratory environment, the precision of velocity update will decrease. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed lots of sculling compensation algorithms. However, there are little works have been done on their precision analysis, selection and applicability. In this paper, general compensation precision (CP) expressions of sculling compensation algorithms in three kinds of environments are established respectively. By substituting the coefficients of each sculling compensation algorithm into the general CP expressions, its corresponding CP expression can be obtained. To verify the accuracy of it, simulations in different environments were preformed, through which some useful conclusions for CP, algorithms selection and applicability of those algorithms were drawn.

A dynamic feedback linearization control approach is designed in this paper for the pitch angle trajectory control and vibration suppression of a flexible spacecraft. Using the extended state observer, the pitch rate and entire unknown dynamics can be estimated, so only pitch angle is needed to measure in the feedback linearization control. The expression of the control law is simple, and few observer parameters need to be tuned. These all reduce the engineering difficulty greatly. The design of this control law does not depend on elastic modes included in the spacecraft model. Simulation results are presented to show that, the control law designed can ensure that pitch angle maneuver to its target precisely and smoothly, and elastic vibration is suppressed effectively.

Power system static state estimation is aimed at providing modern electric control centers with accurate and reliable real-time databases. To this end, not only should the state estimator be able to filter out random observation noise but it should also be able to detect the existence, identify the locations and remove the effects of bad data. Detecting and identifying bad data is very important in state estimation of power system. A new method presented in this paper is fuzzy clustering with genetic search. And simulation data proves that error contamination and submergence can be reduced so that real bad data can be detected and identified. A key advantage of the proposed method is that the clustering is independent of the space distribution of input samples. This method possesses characteristics so faster convergence rate and more exact clustering results than some typical clustering algorithms.

An experimental study for the active vibration control of intelligent structures subject to external excitations using piezoelectric sensors and actuators is presented. A simply supported piezoelectric intelligent plate is used as the controlled structures. The transfer function model of intelligent plates is derived and an analogy for modal control between the piezoelectric structures and general ones is established. Based on this concept and by experiment development, a "quasi-independent modal control" technique is presented, attempting to approach, with hardware as simple as possible, independent modal control. The experiment progress and results for multiple modal damping control show its effectiveness and practicality.

Traditional Integrated Flight/Fire Control (IFFC) system using the flight/fire coupler made the system functional uncoupling difficult. Based on the multi-strata hierarchical control theory, a new IFFC system of armed helicopter for air-to-ground gunnery mode was designed. It consisted of two level loops: the Space Pointing Track Loop and Tactical Mission Loop. In the first loop, two-degree-of-freedom (TDF) H∞ method was applied to realize the uncouple control of tree attitude channels of helicopter. In the second loop, the target state estimator and fire control algorithm were designed to provide the first loop with expected attitude pointing. The system discards the flight/fire coupler and decreases the coupling effect of the level loops. Simulation results show that the system can achieve the automatic tracking and aiming process with good performance and strong robustness in different target maneuvers. This design method can also be generalized to the fixed-wing IFFC system.

Based on virtual instrument, software design precept of missile integrated test system is proposed in this paper. The integrated test system software was developed under modular, intelligent and structured precept. In this way, the expansion capability of the test software is improved, and it is very convenient for second-development and maintenance. This test software is of higher-degree automation, its integrated test environment gives full play to the hardware platform of the missile integrated test system. In response to the specific hardware configuration of the test system and special missile test requirements, the application of test resources was optimized in the test procedure to improve test speed greatly and satisfy the power-on time limit for missile test. At the same time, by applying multithreading and hardware clock on a data acquisition card, accurate data acquisition, data calculating and data injecting can be completed in a millisecond to satisfy the harsh missile test requirement. This automatic test equipment can automatically test the nose cabin and control cabin only of a missile and a training missile; all the missile test items can be accomplished in a short period of time to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the test.

It is the essential goal of intelligent greenhouse environment optimal control to enhance income of cropper and energy save. There were some characteristics such as uncertainty, imprecision, nonlinear, strong coupling, bigger inertia and different time scale in greenhouse environment control system. So greenhouse environment optimal control was not easy and especially model-based optimal control method was more difficult. So the optimal control problem of plant environment in intelligent greenhouse was researched. Hierarchical greenhouse environment control system was constructed. In the first level data measuring was carried out and executive machine was controlled. Optimal setting points of climate controlled variable in greenhouse was calculated and chosen in the second level. Market analysis and planning were completed in third level. The problem of the optimal setting point was discussed in this paper. Firstly the model of plant canopy photosynthesis responses and the model of greenhouse climate model were constructed. Afterwards according to experience of the planting expert, in daytime the optimal goals were decided according to the most maximal photosynthesis rate principle. In nighttime on plant better growth conditions the optimal goals were decided by energy saving principle. Whereafter environment optimal control setting points were computed by GA. Compared the optimal result and recording data in real system, the method is reasonable and can achieve energy saving and the maximal photosynthesis rate in intelligent greenhouse

Harmonic and reactive current as reference template are extracted by active power filter through effective algorithm of detection current. Inverter is controlled and droved to produce compensation currents that trace reference template real-timely in order to purify the power system. Recently, direct current (DC) component that is transformed by active current of fundamental frequency is extracted, using low pass filter (LPF) in prevailing algorithm of detection current. However, the parameters of analog LPF are sensitive to environmental temperature, parameter floating is easy to occur, which is leading up to deviations of compensation. Higher precision needs higher orders, whereas it is difficult to realize higher orders for analog LPF. It is present that analog LPF is replaced by the adaptive algorithm of digital recursive least squares (RLS) scheme in this paper. The result of simulation indicates that it is flexible, stable and response quick for digital RLS adaptive filter to improve compensation ratio of polluted current in power system.

It is pivotal to choose the parameters of control rules, membership function in designing a fuzzy controller. Genetic Algorithm is an effective method to optimize it. Based on hardly to find the best solution when the number of parameters to be optimized is too large, a step-by-step method to optimize the parameters of fuzzy controller is proposed. After discussion, only a quarter of control rules need to be optimized. To eliminate the system error, an integrator is connected with the fuzzy controller in parallel. Simulation results show that proposed design scheme can acquire the satisfied dynamic performance by learning and genetic optimization even for lack of any prior knowledge.

The error model of Fiber Optic Gyro System is simpler than Mechnical gyro, Fiber Optic Gyro offer the advantage of an extremely broad bandwidth and additionally the presence of Random Walk in the output. In this paper, A Calibration Technique was developed to calibrate a fiber optic gyro strapdown inertial navigator using a low cost two-gimbal test-table. Accelerometer scale factor and bias and accelerometer and gyro misalignments are calibrated using measurements of the acceleration in the navigation frame after each rotation. A sequence of ten rotations has been chosen to stream-line the procedure. The validity of the model is tested in real fiber optic gyro system.

Adaptive controllers are often used to control the attitude and momentum when the physical parameters are not known exactly in the space station. However, large amount of calculations are needed in the implementation of the adaptive controllers. Therefore, a simplified adaptive controller is designed according to the simplified nonlinear dynamics of the space station with large pitch angles. Thus, the controller of this paper can reduce the calculation burden effectively, while maintaining the ability of the parameter uncertainty rejection. Furthermore, this controller can establish a proper tradeoff between station pointing and momentum management of the control moment gyroscopes, while satisfying the specific mission requirements. And also, this controller has a simple form and is easy to implement. Simulation results of a certain space station indicate that the controller presented above is feasible.

Neural network is one of the most effective tools in nonlinear control system design. In practical online application, sequential learning algorithms are preferred over batch learning algorithms because they do not require retraining whenever a new data is trained. However, the existing sequential learning algorithms only utilize the current instant estimation of the nonlinear system for constructing the network structure. Therefore they do not characterize temporal variability well. To overcome this problem, the multi-step-ahead predictor of the nonlinear system is introduced to the growing and pruning network for constructing network structure. Furthermore, a sliding window model is used to prevent the network from fitting the noise if there is noise in the input data. And in order to reduce the computation load, the winner neuron strategy is utilized to update the parameters of the neural network using extended Kalman filter. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain more compact network along with smaller errors in mean square sense than other typical sequential learning algorithms.

In a real machine shop environment and under various spindle loads, the machine thermal expansion may cause large 3D volumetric positioning errors. With an intelligent controller, it is possible to compensate these errors provide that the relations between the 3D volumetric positioning errors and the temperature distribution were measured. A laser vector measurement technique developed by Optodyne was used for a quick measurement of 3D volumetric positioning errors of a CNC machining center under various spindle loads, machine movement and ambient conditions. Correlation calculations were used to determine the key temperatures and the various positioning errors. Preliminary results showed that large machine temperature changes caused somewhat small straightness error changes but large squareness error changes. Using the measured position errors, several error maps could be generated. Compensation tables at an actual thermal state can be interpolated to achieve higher accuracy at various thermal loadings.

This paper presents a novel model reference control scheme. The CMAC(Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) neural network is used to minimize the differences between the reference model and the plant which is influenced because of parameter variation and disturbance online. Moreover the neural network iterative algorithm based on Lyapunov stability is provided in the paper. By this, the output of the plant can accurately follow the the nominal model, videlicet the plant has a characteristic of linear and certain, whose dynamic performance is the same as the nominal model's. So using the traditional control methods can make the system have perfect transient and steady-state performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can reduce the plant's sensitivity to parameter variation and disturbance.

In order to improve the convergence properties of basic ant colony algorithm (ACA), a novel type of Cloud Model and Niche Ideology-based Improved Ant Colony Algorithm (CMNIIACA) for solving complex combinational optimization problems is proposed in this paper. Cloud model theory is a powerful tool to convert numerical quantitative analysis to conceptual qualitative analysis. On the basis of introduction of ACA and cloud model theory, a novel qualitative strategy for improving the global optimization properties by use of cloud models is presented in this paper. Then, in order to avoid the stagnation, and to avoid local minima, pseudo-random-proportional action choice rule and elitist preservation strategy are adopted. As the inferior solutions seriously interfered with the searching quality, and inspired by the idea of ecological niche, all the discrete nodes are divided into several groups, the moving scope of each ant agent is then limited. Furthermore, we also limit the trail amount in a maximum-minimum interval. The simulation experiments on CHC150TSP have been performed. The computational results show that the proposed CMNIIACA can effectively improve the global convergence and the evolutional speed of ACA, and the stability of algorithm is also improved effectively. It is obvious that the CMNIIACA presented in this paper is efficient and outperforms ACA.

The tradition PI control method based on a model is simple, and easy to realize. But, it has not a good restraining effect on varieties of load disturbance and model parameters. To resolve the problem, this paper presents a self-tuning PI control method based on neural network. The PI parameters are adjusted by using a load disturbance observer and neural network identifier so that the influence that caused by the load disturbance and model parameters varieties are weakened, and the system robustness is improved. The simulation result shows that the method is valid.

In this paper, we proposed a new chattering free and high robust sliding mode controller for nonlinear systems, unlike the conventional variable structure controller (CVSC) or sliding mode controller with boundary layer. The proposed controller uses an integration term of the error in the sliding surface and uses a continuously exponentially varying time term in the reaching low to eliminate the chattering problem also we use a discontinuous term to keep the robustness. A systematic design procedure of sliding mode controller for nonlinear system is presented and applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with friction model and limiters to verify superiority of the proposed controller. Feedback linearization technique, relative degree and minimum phase are reviewed.

The system of Pb-211 robot waist is a nonlinear hydraulic servo control system. It is very difficult to achieve speedy response without overshoot by the PID control algorithm for the system control. To improve the performance of the system, a new controller is designed with a fuzzy sliding-mode control algorithm, which makes use of the merits both the fuzzy control and the sliding-mode control algorithm. The simulation results show that the new controller is effective, which can achieve high speediness and steady accuracy without overshoot. The fuzzy sliding-mode control has obvious advantage compared the traditional PID algorithm, and it has strong robust too.

Due to the features such as high efficiency, small volume and high power density, super high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are becoming attractive in many fields such as high-speed micro-turbine generators, centrifugal compressors and pumps. V/f control is flexible and easy to be realized, moreover, voltage utilization ratio of SVPWM modulation is high, so the plan combined with V/f control and SVPWM modulation can be adopted for PMSM. The effects of the stator resistance and the dead-time on the control are generally neglected in traditional V/f control, which leads to that the low-speed performance is poor and the system is not stable at high speed. Based on considering the effects of stator resistance and dead-time, an optimal V/f control of the super high-speed PMSM is presented. Combined with the optimal V/f control and SVPWM modulation, soft starting and operating experiments for PMSM generator (105Kw, 61000rpm) are successfully implemented in the designed system of super high-speed gas micro-turbine based on DSP 320F2407A. The experiment results shows that this optimal V/f control is virtual and feasible for super high-speed PMSM. The proposed scheme provided dynamic stability and high performance of the super high-speed PMSM with an open-loop control.

It is the trend of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) measurement technology that creates measurement plan automatically. Based on Pro/CMM module of Pro/E software, the idea for automatic generation of the main DMIS (Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard) file of measurement plan is described. To satisfy the special measurement requirements of different customers conveniently, a method of variant design of DMIS file based on SML (Tabular Layouts of Article Characteristics) and the main DMIS file is proposed.

This paper deals with intelligent control system with 16 unit A.C motor of synchronous-driving. It has dealt with the method of the system analysis and design. Mainly, this paper dwelt on the mathematic model of the take-up process. The configuration of the system based on the mathematic model. In the aspect of control algorithm, advance control strategy, including parameter adaptive, signal adaptive, multi-mode control and expert control, has been applied in the system. The control system is designed with IPC and OMRON C200HG PLC. The system has been put into production, from which the customer has been benefited economically and socially.

The advanced fighter should possess the performance such as super-sound cruising, stealth, agility, STOVL(Short Take-Off Vertical Landing),powerful communication and information processing. For this purpose, it is not enough only to improve the aerodynamic and propulsion system. More importantly, it is necessary to enhance the control system. A complete flight control system provides not only autopilot, auto-throttle and control augmentation, but also the given mission management. F-22 and JSF possess considerably outstanding flight control system on the basis of pave pillar and pave pace avionics architecture. But their control architecture is not enough integrated. The main purpose of this paper is to build a novel fighter control system architecture. The control system constructed on this architecture should be enough integrated, inexpensive, fault-tolerant, high safe, reliable and effective. And it will take charge of both the flight control and mission management. Starting from this purpose, this paper finishes the work as follows: First, based on the human nervous control, a three-leveled hierarchical control architecture is proposed. At the top of the architecture, decision level is in charge of decision-making works. In the middle, organization & coordination level will schedule resources, monitor the states of the fighter and switch the control modes etc. And the bottom is execution level which holds the concrete drive and measurement; then, according to their function and resources all the tasks involving flight control and mission management are sorted to individual level; at last, in order to validate the three-leveled architecture, a physical configuration is also showed. The configuration is distributed and applies some new advancement in information technology industry such line replaced module and cluster technology.

Harmonics and reactive power produced by the inverters will inject into the power system during their operation, if no any filter is inserted. Compared with active power harmonic filters and PWM technology, the passive harmonic filters are much more cost-effective, simple and reliable. At the same time we have not seen a series calculation which can be used for all inverters at different power ratings. Based on the research to general purpose inverters, a more practical model is put forth by an equivalent current source containing major harmonics, paralleled with equivalent impedance. The advantage of this equivalent system is that it can be applied to all different power ratings from one-phase to three-phase general purpose inverters avoiding complex analysis of the inverter system with high accuracy. Applying this model this paper gives the optimal filter parameters to minimize total current harmonic distortion (ITHD) with constraint of the value of the power factor (PF) using genetic algorithm program. The result of the actual experiment shows that parameters obtained from the genetic algorithm program make the value of ITHD, PF meet the industry application requirement.

An effective approach for multi-concurrent fault diagnosis based on integration of fractal exponent wavelet analysis and neural networks is presented. The wavelet transform can accurately localizes the characteristics of a signal both in the time and frequency domains and in a view of the inter relationship of wavelet transform between fractal theory, the whole and local fractal exponents obtained from wavelet transform coefficients as features are presented for extracting fault signals, which are inputted into radial basis function (RBF) for fault pattern recognition. The fault diagnosis model of turbo-generator set is established and the improved Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization technique is used to fulfill the network structure and parameter identification. By means of choosing enough samples to train the fault diagnosis network and the information representing the faults is input into the trained wavelet network, and according to the output result the type of fault can be determined. The robustness of exponent wavelet network for fault diagnosis is discussed. The practical multi-concurrent fault diagnosis for stator temperature fluctuation and rotor vibration approves to be accurate and comprehensive. The method can be generalized to other devices' fault diagnosis.

This paper introduced a hump rail brake equipment which used the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as the energy source of brake force and the control theory of the magnetic circuit. The paper focused on bringing forward a design theory and methods of the key permanent magnetic parts, calculated the magnetic circuit and simulated the magnetic system with the ANSYS software. Through analyzing the results of the machined model parts, this equipment reached the actual application level and provided a new economic energy solving scheme for hump velocity control.